同位语从句与定语从句区别.ppt

同位语从句和定语从句区别,语法功能和概念上的区别,定语从句是形容词性的从句，是对前面名词的性质、特征进行描述，它与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系同位语从句是名词性从句，是对前面名词进一步的补充性解释说明，它与前面的名词是同位关系，即前面名词是从句的概括总结，从句是前面名词的具体内容，且名词与该同位语从句有逻辑上的系表关系，可用“主+系+表”来构成它们之间的逻辑关系，而定语从句与它所修饰的先行词无法用be来构成语法上的逻辑关系。,There is a faint chance that you will find him at home.“that you will find him at home”是同位语从句，我们若用“主+系+表”结构来表示，则是“a faint chance is that you will find him at home”,这在逻辑上成立。It was the chance she had been waiting for.“she had been waiting for”是定义从句，我们无法这样表达“the chance is she had been waiting for”这在逻辑上不成立。,先行词上的区别,定语从句的先行词没有限定，可以是名词，代词，主句的一部分或是整个主句。同位语从句的先行词大多是具有一定内容的抽象名词，如：idea，news，answer，fact，hope，thought，belief，order，truth，possibility等,They are not prepared even to admit the possibility that noise affects people.“that noise affects people”是“”possibility的具体内容The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.that引导定义从句修饰“promise”，that在从句中作主语，指代“promise”。,引导词的区别,定语从句的引导词很多，如that,which,who,when,where,why等，在句中可充当从句的主语、宾语、定语等有些引导词如how,whether,what可以引导同位语从句但不能引导定语从句。that引导定语从句时为关系代词，充当主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略，指物时可用which替换；但当它引导同位语从句时，that为连词，在句中不充当任何成分，且不能省略，也不能用which替代。,The fact that the money has gone does not mean it was stolen.“that the money has gone”是“the fact”的具体内容。That在从句中不充当任何成分。I disagree with the fact that your agreement is based on.“that your agreement is based on”修饰“the fact”它们之间的关系是修饰与被修饰关系，从句相当于形容词。,I have no idea what this word means.It is a question how he did it.A stone marks the spot where the treaty was signed.The title which fell off the roof caused serious damage.,thank you,