《时态和语态》PPT课件.ppt

八、时态和语态,1(2011全国新课标)Planning so far ahead _no senseso many things will have changed by next year.AmadeBis makingCmakes Dhas made解析句意：那么早就制订计划没有什么意义，到明年为止，将会有那么多的情况就会改变了。so far作程度状语，修饰副词ahead，表示“提前得那么远”，并不是“到目前为止”的意思，此处指一般的情况，没有具体的时间，故用一般现在时，不要用现在完成时。答案C,经典考题感悟,2(2010北京)Im not finished with my dinner yet.But our friends _ for us.Awill wait BwaitChave waited Dare waiting解析句意：“我还没有吃完晚饭。”“但是我们的朋友们在等着我们呢。”此处指说话的这个时候正在进行的动作，故用现在进行时。答案D,3(2011辽宁)By the time Jack returned home from England，his son_from college.Agraduated Bhas graduatedChad been graduating Dhad graduated解析句意：到杰克从英国回家的时候，他的儿子已经在大学毕业了。return所表示的动作发生在过去，graduate所表示的动作发生在他回家之前，是“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时态。答案D,4(2011北京)That must have been a long trip.Yeah，it _us a whole week to get there.Atakes Bhas takenCtook Dwas taking解析题干中must have done是对过去的肯定推测，因此提示时间在过去，选择一般过去时。答案C,5(2011山东)She was surprised to find the fridge empty;the children _ everything!Ahad been eating Bhad eatenChave eaten Dhave been eating解析句意：她惊奇地发现冰箱是空的；孩子们早把东西吃光了。由句意可知孩子们“吃光东西”是发生在她“吃惊地发现”之前，而“吃惊地发现”用一般过去时，故“吃光东西”应为过去的过去，即过去完成时。A项为过去完成进行式；C项为现在完成式；D项为现在完成进行时，均不符合语境。故选B。答案B,6(2011全国新课标)I wasnt sure if he was really interested or if he _polite.Awas just being Bwill just beChad just been Dwould just be解析句意：我没有把握，他是否是真的感兴趣还是仅仅是出于礼貌而已。此题有一个暗含的过去时间状语，即：then或at that time.所以我们要排除B、C和D项。A项是最佳答案。系动词be的进行时态表示一个临时的状态。再如：The boy was being naughty that day.那一天这个小孩很淘气。答案A,7(2011湖南)In the near future，more advances in the robot technology _by scientists.Aare making Bare madeCwill make Dwill be made解析句意：在不久的将来，科学家们将会在机器人技术上取得更大的进步。由句中的时间状语“in the near future”可知应用一般将来时；make advances取得进步，more advances作主语，故用被动语态。答案D,8(2010福建)Guess what，weve got our visas for a shortterm visit to the UK this summer.How nice!you _a different culture then.Awill be experiencing Bhave experiencedChave been experiencing Dwill have experienced解析句意：“你猜怎么着，我已取得了今年夏季去英国做短期参观的签证。”“好极了，那么你将体验不同的文化了。”此题是指将来的某个时间将会正在做某事，所以要用将来进行时。干扰项是D项，这是将来完成时，表示到将来某个时间已完成的动作。答案A,9(2011安徽)What do you think of store shopping in the future?Personally，I think it will exist along with home shopping but_.Awill never replaceBwould never replaceCwill never be replacedDwould never be replaced,解析句意：“你如何看待未来的商店购物？”“就我个人而言，我认为它将会和家庭购物并存但永远不会被取代。”答语中的it指代问句中的store shopping。由句意可知store shopping和replace之间是被动关系，A项和B项均是主动语态，不符合句意；D项为过去将来时的被动语态，不符合时态一致的原则；只有C项是一般将来时的被动语态，符合语境。答案C,10(2011上海)Did you predict that many students _ up for the dance competition?Awould sign BsignedChave signed Dhad signed解析句意：你估计有许多学生会报名参加舞蹈表演赛吗？sign up发生在predicted之后，故此处要用过去将来时。答案A,知识网络速解,一般现在时表示习惯性的行为状态或客观性东西；而现在进行时表示短暂时间内的状态。He works in the office，but he is working in the workshop this week.他在办公室工作，但这一周他下车间了。,热门考点精析,考点一：,一般现在时和现在进行时的区别,一般过去时、过去完成时和现在完成时的区别：1如果涉及某事到说话时发生还是没有发生，常用现在完成时。Have you had lunch？你吃过午饭了没有？2如果涉及到这个动作发生的具体方式和过程，要用一般过去时。Where did you have it？“你在哪儿吃的？”I had it in KFC.“我是在KFC吃的。”,考点二：,一般过去时、过去完成时和现在完成时,3如果在某个过去发生的动作，或过去某个时间或过去某段时间之前发生的事件要用过去完成。Where had you been before you had your lunch?你在吃午饭之前，去过哪里？,1如果与段时间连用，两个时态可相互替用，只不过现在完成进行时具有强烈的感情色彩。I have been learning English for ten years.I have learned English for ten years.我学英语有十年了。2现在完成时可与表示“次数”的状语already，yet，ever连用，而现在完成进行时则不能。I have been to Hainan three times.我去过海南三次。Have you ever met such a strange thing?你遇到过这样奇怪的事情吗？,考点三：,现在完成时和现在完成进行时,3现在完成进行时一般强调过去发生的动作现在仍在继续。现在完成时强调过去发生的动作现在已经完成或表示曾经发生过。I have been writing an article.我一直在写一篇文章。(仍在)I have written an article.我已写好了一篇文章。(已完成),4现在完成进行时表示刚刚结束的动作，强调动作在不久前持续进行，带有感情色彩。现在完成时表示已经结束的动作，强调动作的结果。Where have you been？We have been looking for you everywhere.你到哪里去了？我们到处在找你。(表示刚刚结束的动作)We have looked for him，but havent found him.我们找过他，但没有找到他。(表示动作已结束，强调动作的结果),5现在完成进行时可以表示现在以前的这段时间内反复发生的事情。All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine.这些年来，他们一直为我们杂志写稿。We have been seeing quite a lot of each other recently.最近我们常常见面。,过去进行时常用于以下两个情景中：1过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生的动作。2某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，其中一个在由when或while引导的时间状语从句中。My brother fell while he was_riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来，受伤了。,考点四：,过去进行时,1过去将来时(1)用would do，was/were going to do sth.表示过去将来；(2)come，go，leave等起止动词的过去进行时表过去将来时；(3)was/were to do sth.和was/were about to do sth.也可表过去将来。,考点五：,过去将来时、一般将来时、将来进行时和将来完成时,2be going to与will/shall，be to do，be about to do用法及区别：(1)be going to 表示打算在最近或将来要做某事，这种打算往往经过事先考虑，甚至已做了某种准备；be going to 也可用来表示根据某种迹象预测将来要发生的事情。不能用在条件状语从句的主句中；而will则能，表意愿。如：Look，its going to rain.瞧，要下雨了。(2)shall/will do表示未事先考虑过，即说话时临时做出的决定。,(3)be to do sth.表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、可能性等。A meeting is to be held at 3：00 oclock this afternoon.今天下午三点钟准备开一次会。(4)be about to do sth.表示“即可，就要”，后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。Autumn harvest is about to start.秋收即将开始。,3将来进行时(1)将来进行时表示将来某一时刻某动作正在进行。This time tomorrow Ill be watching you play on TV.明天这时候我将在电视上看你进行比赛。(2)表示将来的某件事是已经决定了。Doctor Wang will be giving another talk on this subject at the same time next week.王博士下周同一时间将就这一课题再次做报告。(3)将来进行时表示现在或将来开始的动作或状态一直持续到将来某一时间为止。They will be waiting until the fog is clear.他们将一直等到雾散。,4将来完成时将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作。经常与before将来时间或by将来时间连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.到明天的这个时候你会到达上海的。,.用动词的正确形式填空Dan Robinson_1_(worry)all week.Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police.In the letter he_2_(ask)to call at the police station.Dan wondered why he_3_(want)by the police,but he went to the station yesterday and now he_4_(not worry)any more.At the station,he_5_(tell)by a smiling policeman that his bicycle_6_(find)“Five days ago，”the policeman told him,“the bicycle_7_(pick)up in a small village four hundred miles away.,综合能力提升,It is now_8_(send)to your home by train.”Dan was most surprised when he heard the news.He was amused too，because he never expected the bicycle_9_(find).It_10_(steal)twenty years ago when Dan was a boy of fifteen!答案1.has been worried2.was asked3.was wanted4.isnt worried5.was told6.had been found7.was picked8.being sent9.to be found 10.was stolen,.单项填空1How long _ you _in the country with your grandparents，Henry?About four weeks.Ill return as soon as school starts.Aare;stayingBdid;stayCdo;stay Dhad;stayed解析根据回答部分中的“学校一开学我们返回”可知，这是问对方“你准备在这个国家住多长时间”，故用stay的现在进行时表示打算。答案A,2Mr.Irving，who _ in a high school for forty years，is now living in retirement.Ahas taught BtaughtChas taught Dhas been teaching解析Irving先生教过高中40年，并不是指到现在已40年，所以不要用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，而是指过去的某一段时间，要用一般过去时。答案B,3Got your driving license?No.I _ too busy to have enough practice，so I didnt take the driving test last week.Awill be BamChave been Dhad been解析第二句的句意：“我一直太忙了，没有足够的训练，所以上一周我没有参加驾驶测试。”这是指上一周以前的情况，所以要用过去完成时。答案D,4 I hear you _ at Smiths.Yes，I _ there for about three months.Awork;had been workingBworked;was workingCare working；have been workingDworked;have worked解析此题考查现在进行时和现在完成进行时。第一句话指现在存在的状况，用一般现在时和现在进行时皆可。第二空指到现在已工作了三个月，所以用现在完成时或现在完成进行时皆可，两个空格同时考虑，C项是最佳答案。答案C,5The unemployment rate in this city _ from 7%to 6%in the past two years.Ahas fallen Bhad fallenCis falling Dwas falling解析此题考查现在完成时。时间状语in the past two years意为“在过去两年内”，常与现在完成时连用。答案A,6Even though they have worked side by side in the same office for 9 years，the two ladies _ on good terms.Aare not Bwere notChave not been Dwill not be解析此题考查一般现在时。句意：虽然她们同在一个办公室并肩工作了9年，但是她的们关系并不好。空格表示现在存在的状况，要用一般现在时。答案A,7Have you called Mr.Johnsons office?Yes，he _ back before tomorrow noon.So he can attend our meeting on time.Aexpected Bis expectedCis expecting Dis to expect解析此题考查时态和语态。据预料，他明天中午以前回来。“预料”是现在的状况，所以要用一般现在时，expect与主语he是被关系，所以要用被动语态。答案B,8Did you finish your homework yet?Yeah.I turned it in，and now it _.Ais grading Bis gradedCis being graded Dhas graded解析第二句的意思：“我交上作业了，现在正被批阅。”此处提现在正在进行的状态。答案C,9Whats our homework for today，Peter?Oh，sorry I _.Ahadnt concentratedBwouldnt concentrateChavent been concentratingDwasnt concentrating解析此题考查过去进行时。试题的语境是指刚才进行的状态，要用过去进行时。句意：“我们今天有什么作业？，彼特？”“对不起，我没有注意听。”答案D,10They _ on the program for almost one week before I joined them，and now we are still working on it as no good results have come out so far.Ahave worked Bhad workedChave been working Dhad been working解析空格处表示的动作发生在“我加入了他们”之前，表示“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。答案B,11.I_ to go for a walk,but someone called on and I couldnt get away.A.was planning B.plannedC.had planned D.would plan解析句意：我本打算去散步的，但是有人来访，所以我走不开。动词plan的过去完成时可以表示过去未曾实现的打算或意图，符合题意。答案C,12.We all know that the AntiJapanese War _in 1937 and_for eight years.A.was broken out;was lastedB.was broken out;lastedC.broke out;was lastedD.broke out;lasted解析句意：我们都知道抗日战争于1937年爆发，持续了八年。break out“爆发，发生”，last“持续”，两者均无被动语态。答案D,13.My TV set doesnt work,the water tap is dripping and my car is still under repair.You sure_bad luck these days.A.had B.will haveC.had had D.are having解析句意：“我的电视机坏了，水龙头在滴水，我的汽车还在维修！”“你最近真的不走运。”由these days可知此处表示现阶段正在发生的动作，故用现在进行时。答案D,14.Why was Professor Johnson unhappy those days?Cant you see it clearly?The only reason was that the theory he stuck to_wrong.A.proving B.being provedC.proved D.was proved解析句意：“为什么这些天约翰逊教授不高兴？”“这么明显你难道看不出来吗？唯一的原因就是他坚持的理论被证明是错误的。”“被证明是错误的”发生在过去，且prove没有被动语态，故选C。答案C,15.Excuse me,Sir.Didnt you see the red light?Sorry,my mind_somewhere else.A.has been wanderingB.was wanderedC.was wanderingD.has been wandered解析句意：“打扰一下，先生。难道你没看见红灯吗？”“对不起，我刚才走神了。”此处表示的是说话人在说话之前的那段时间内正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。答案C,