曹操诗词英文翻译及讲解.ppt

Lecture 6 Lit.of Wei&Jin and Cao Cao,Sujie LiSchool of English,BISU2016-10-18,A Quick Look at History,Wei,Jin,Southern-northern dynasties 魏晋南北朝文学，上起建安，历三国、两晋、南北朝，终于隋统一。如从东汉末献帝永汉元年（189年）算起，之陈后主祯明三年（589年）隋文帝灭陈止，中间正好四百年。Do you know the chain of changes of the dynasties and regimes?,The development of lit.,魏晋南北朝文学发展极为不平衡，表现在：在建安时代，北方比南方兴盛；在三国时代，魏比吴、蜀兴盛；在两晋时代，西晋比东晋兴盛；在南北朝时代，南朝比北朝兴盛。南北文风表现出鲜明的地域性特点，大抵北方以刚健质朴为特色，南方则比较华美柔婉。,从整个文学史的发展看，魏晋南北朝文学是上承先秦两汉、下启隋唐的一个重要阶段。这种重要性不仅在于作家空前增多、作品也空前增多，更重要的还在于它已进入了文学自觉的时代。（马 285-291）魏晋南北朝时期是文学的自觉时代，也是我国文学史上一个承先启后的、重要而必不可少的阶段。如果没有魏晋南北朝文学的自觉和独立，没有这四百年的文学创作实践和文学理论的积累，就不可能有唐代文学的全面繁荣。,Famous Literary Figures,建安文学：三曹、建安七子蔡琰、杨修、吴质西晋太康文学：张华、傅玄、“三张”、“二陆”、“两潘”、“一左”（三张”指诗人张载与其弟张协、张亢；“二陆”指文学家陆机与其弟 陆云；“两潘”指文学家潘岳与其侄潘尼；“一左”指诗人左思。）南北朝：陶渊明、谢灵运、谢眺、鲍照、沈约,Cao Cao,The Chinese equivalent for“Speak of the devil”is“Speak of Cao Cao and Cao Cao arrives”,implicating the bad character of Cao.And in popular culture,Cao is widely known as being cunning,deceitful,cruel,merciless,unscrupulous,treacherous,and skeptical.A villain in short.Is he really so in history?,A successful warlord and chancellor of Eastern Han DynastyA brilliant ruler and military genius who treated his subordinates like his familyUnited northern ChinaDeveloped agriculture and social stabilityPromoted education and literatureAn accomplished poet and patron of poetry,Cao Caos contribution,Cao Cao was an accomplished poet,as were his sons Cao Pi and Cao Zhi.He was also a patron of poets such as Xu Gan.Of Cao Caos works,only a remnant remain today.His verses,unpretentious yet profound,helped to reshape the poetic style of his time and beyond,eventually contributing to the poetry styles associated with Tang dynasty poetry.Cao Cao,Cao Pi and Cao Zhi are known collectively as the Three Caos.The Three Caos poetry,together with additional poets,became known as the Jianan style,which contributed eventually to Tang and later poetry.Cao Cao wrote verse in the older four-character per line style characteristic of the Classic of Poetry.Burton Watson describes Cao Cao as:“the only writer of the period who succeeded in infusing the old four-character metre with any vitality,mainly because he discarded the archaic diction associated with it and employed the ordinary poetic language of his time.”Cao Cao is also known for his early contributions to the Shanshui poetry genre（山水诗）,with his 4-character-per-line,14-line poem View of the Blue Sea(觀滄海)-Wikepedia,Jianan poetry,The termJianan poetrycovers the final years at theendoftheHanDynastyand during which the Cao family was rising,or risen,to prominence were known as theJiananera(196-220),the final reign era ofEmperorXianofHan:the following period is known as theThreeKingdomsera,due to the three kingdoms which divided up the Han Dynasty,and war with one another for succession to the Han empire.A prominent Han dynasty general,CaoCaoeffectively took control of the Han dynasty from the Liu imperial family,and following Cao Caos death,his sonCaoPiformalized this by accepting the abdication of the last titular ruler of Han and establishing the Cao family as the ruling dynastic family of a new state,Wei(also known as Cao Wei),one of theThreeKingdomswhich were successor states to the Han empire.Besides their role as leaders in war and politics,the Cao family also had an important role in the field of poetry and literature.,Three CaosSeven Scholars of Jianan 建安七子，term coined by Cao PiThe seven scholars areWang Can,Chen Lin,Ruan Yu(阮瑀),Liu Zhen(劉楨),Xu Gan,Ying Chang(應瑒),andKong Rong.Ruan Yu was the father ofRuan Ji,one of theSeven Sages of the Bamboo Grove.孔融、陈琳、王粲、徐干、阮瑀、应玚、刘桢,Contribution of Jianan poetry,Jianan poetry shows significant developments away from the detailed catalogs of thefuand toward theyuefuform of poetry;at the same time,the Jianan poets developed the yuefu into a different form with a different voice,a form which was a direct predecessor to the major form ofshipoetry later embraced by theTangDynastypoets.In the major developments in terms ofpoeticvoice,whereas Han poetry tended to use an anonymous voice which was either impersonal or in the mode of certain shallow and conventionalized characters,the Jianan poetry tended to be more personal and immediately direct.,建安文学的特点,1.内容方面，反映了当时社会的离乱和人民的疾苦。曹操蒿里行、苦寒行，曹植送应氏，陈琳饮马长城窟行2.表达了诗人建功立业的要求和统一天下的宏伟抱负。3.艺术方面，建安诗歌集吸取了诗骚乐府乃至汉赋的传统，又在前任的基础上有所创新，使诗歌的功能得到充分发挥。4.建安诗歌“以情纬文，以文被质”，意境宏大，笔调明朗，形成一种悲凉慷慨、刚健有力的风格。以上思想和艺术两方面结合起来，就是后人所说的“建安风骨”。,Poems of Cao Cao,观沧海,东临碣石，以观沧海。水何澹澹，山岛竦峙。树木丛生，百草丰茂。秋风萧瑟，洪波涌起。日月之行，若出其中；星汉灿烂，若出其里。幸甚至哉，歌以咏志,Viewing the Boundless Sea(Xu),I come to view the boundless ocean From Stony Hill on eastern shore.Its water rolls in rhythmic motion And islands stand amid its roar.Tree on tree grows from peak to peak;Grass on grass looks lush far and nigh.The autumn wind blows drear and bleak;The monstrous billows surge up high.The sun by day,the moon by night Appear to rise from the sea deep.The Milky Way with stars so bright Sinks down into the sea in sleep.How happy I feel at this sight!I croon this poem in delight,Gazing Out Across the Ocean,Come east of Jieshi CliffI gaze out across the oceanIts rolling wavesStudded with rocks and islets;Dense the trees and bushes here,Rank the undergrowth;The autumn wind is soughingHuge billows are breaking.Sun and moon take their courseAs if risen from the sea;The bright galaxy of starsSeems sprung from the deep.And so,with joy in my heart,I hum this song.,龟虽寿,神龟虽寿，犹有竟时。腾蛇乘雾，终为土灰。(腾 一作：螣)老骥伏枥，志在千里。烈士暮年，壮心不已。盈缩之期，不但在天；养怡之福，可得永年。幸甚至哉，歌以咏志。,Though Long Lives the Tortoise(Xu),Although long lives the tortoise wise,In the end he cannot but die.The serpent in the mist may rise,But in the dust he too shall lie.Although the stabled steed is old,He dreams to run a thousand li.In lifes December heroes bold Indomitable still will be.Its not up to heaven alone To lengthen or shorten our days.To a great age we can live on,If we make the best of our ways.How happy I feel at this thought!I croon this poem as I ought.,Though the Tortoise Lives Long,Though the tortoise blessed with magic powers lives long,Its days have their allotted span;Though winged serpents ride high on the mist,They turn to dust and ashes at the last;An old war-horse may be stabled,Yet still it longs to gallop a thousand li;And a noble-hearted man though advanced in yearsNever abandons his proud aspirations.Mans span of life,whether long or short,Depends not on Heaven alone;One who eats well and keeps cheerfulCan live to a great old age.And so,with joy in my heart,I hum this song.,This poem and“Viewing the Boundless Sea”were both composed in 207 AD when Cao Cao was moving his troops back after he had put down the Wuhuan(乌桓）Rebellion and wiped out the remnants of Yuan Shaos forces.Cao was joyful with his success and eager to make greater achievements so that he could realize his ambition of unifying the whole country.,The poems contains a profound philosophy,which is both materialistic and dialectical.The poet realized that he was aging rapidly and that death befell all men alike,but he did not,in the slightest degree,reveal his pessimism,and he was vigorous and enterprising,instead.The proud words“A noble-hearted man retains his high aspirations even in old age”have thereupon become a well-known phrase used to encourage old people to be promising and enterprising.,短歌行,对酒当歌，人生几何！譬如朝露，去日苦多。慨当以慷，忧思难忘。何以解忧？唯有杜康。青青子衿，悠悠我心。但为君故，沉吟至今。呦呦鹿鸣，食野之苹。我有嘉宾，鼓瑟吹笙。明明如月，何时可掇？忧从中来，不可断绝。越陌度阡，枉用相存。契阔谈讌，心念旧恩月明星稀，乌鹊南飞。绕树三匝，何枝可依？山不厌高，海不厌深。周公吐哺，天下归心。,A Song,Wine before us,sing a song.How long does life last?It is like the morning dew;Sad so many days have past.Sing hey,sing ho!Deep within my heart I pine.Nothing can dispel my woe,save Du Kang,the god of wine.,Blue,blue the scholars robe;Long,long for him I ache.Preoccupied with you,my lord,Heavy thoughts for your sake.To each other cry the deer,Nibbling grass upon the plain.When a good friend visits me,Well play the lyre once again.,In the sky,the moon is bright;Yet I can reach it never.In my heart such sorrow dwells;Remaining with me ever.In the fields,our paths crossed;Your visit was so kind.Together after our long parting,Your favors come to mind.,Clear the moon,few the stars;The crows in the southward flight.Circling three times around the tree,No branch where to alight.What if the mountain is high,Or how deep the sea?When the Duke of Zhou greeted a guest,in his service all wished to be.,The End,