对口高职英语总复习名词.ppt

,英语,对口升学总复习,PART01,考点解读、分析解读,从四川省近五年对口升学考试统计来看，对名词的考查主要集中在名词词义辨析、名词所有格以及名词单复数的变形上。,PART02,知识要点,一、名词的定义名词是表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词。按其意义可分为专有名词和普通名词，普通名词又可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。注：英语名词中还有一部分要根据单词的具体实义来区别其是可数名词还是不可数名词。paper(纸)papers(报纸，论文，试卷)work(工作)works(工厂，作品)time(时间)times(次数，倍数)room(空间)rooms(房间)glass(玻璃)glasses(眼镜，玻璃杯)wood(木头)woods(树林),二、普通名词的数1.可数名词可数名词有单数和复数两种形式，复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种情况。(1)规则变化一般情况下，直接加s。如：maps,bags,seas,pens 等。以s,x,ch,sh结尾的加es。如：classes,boxes,matches,brushes等。注：stomach的复数形式为stomachs。辅音字母y，变y为i加es。如：citycities,partyparties,universityuniversities等。辅音字母o，直接加es。如：heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,Negroes等；元音字母o，只加s。如：bamboos,zoos,radios等。注：某些外来词，只加s。如：photos,pianos,kilos等。记忆小窍门：常见的以o结尾的可数名词变复数时，两人(hero,Negro)两菜(potato,tomato)一水果(mango)加es，其余加s。,以f或fe结尾，变f或fe为v，再加es。如：thiefthieves,halfhalves,loafloaves,leafleaves,selfselves,shelfshelves,wolfwolves,lifelives,knifeknives,wifewives等。注：有些直接在后面加s。如：proofs,roofs,beliefs,chiefs,safes,gulfs,cliffs等。(2)不规则变化单复数不同形的常见词。manmen womanwomen footfeet goosegeesetoothteeth mousemice oxoxen childchildren单复数同形的常见词。如：fish,sheep,deer等。记忆小窍门：关于“人”的单词的复数变化：中日两瑞(Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,Swedish)永不变，英法联军(Englishmen,Frenchmen)变a为e，其余一律加s。特别提防：GermanGermans,RomanRomans,humanhumans。,(3)复合名词的复数在主体名词后加s。如：sonsinlaw,sistersinlaw,passersby,lookerson等。没有主体名词的，词尾加s。如：grownups,lookouts等。由两个名词构成的复合名词，在第二个名词后加s。如：boy friends,flower shops等。注：man,woman作定语时，两个词和中心词都必须变成复数形式。a man teachermen teachers a woman nursewomen nurses形式是单数、意义是复数的词。如：cattle,people,police等。注：peoples意为“民族”。形式是复数、意义是单数的词。maths 数学 physics 物理 politics 政治 news 新闻the United States 美利坚合众国通常以复数形式出现的常见词。trousers 裤子 shoes 鞋子 glasses 眼镜 scissors 剪刀shorts 短裤 goods 货物 clothes 衣服,注：a.作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The trousers are old.裤子旧了。b.表示“一”的概念时，用a pair of.，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；不止“一”时，谓语动词则用复数形式。如：There is a pair of shoes.那里有一双鞋。Two pairs of scissors are enough for them.两把剪刀对于他们来说足够了。集体名词既可以看作单数(作为整体)，也可以看作复数(作为集体的各个成员)。audience 观众group 小组class 班级family 家庭police 警察,2.不可数名词物质名词、抽象名词均属于不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词a,an，词尾也不能加s。(1)常见的不可数名词有cloth,news,information,advice,progress,knowledge,weather,fun,equipment,wealth,housework,homework,work,furniture,butter,love,friendship,ink,salt,sugar等。(2)不可数名词表示数量时，常用“某个量词of”来表示，表示量词的名词的单复数需要根据实际情况使用。a cup of teatwo cups of teaa glass of waterthree glasses of watera piece of newspaperfour pieces of newspaper,3.表示大概数量的修饰词修饰名词的用法(1)只能修饰可数名词的形容词有many,few,a few,a great/large/good number of,a good many,dozens of,scores of,quite a few等。注：a number of.作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the number of.作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；many a用于修饰单数的可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。(2)只能修饰不可数名词的形容词有much,little,a little,a great deal of,a large amount of,quite a little,a large sum of等。(3)既可以修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词的形容词有some,any,plenty of,a lot of,lots of,a large quantity of,a good supply of等。,三、名词的所有格1.名词后加s的所有格：一般表示有生命的名词的所属关系。有以下几种情况。(1)一般情况(单数名词和不带s的复数名词)下，在词尾加s。my brothers pen 我弟弟的钢笔 Womens Day 妇女节(2)以s结尾的复数名词，在词尾加。students books 学生们的书 teachers office 老师们的办公室(3)如果某物是共有的，则只在后面一个名词后加s；如果不是共有的，则两个名词后都要加s。Jane and Marys room 简和玛丽的房间(共有)Janes and Toms books 简的书和汤姆的书(不共有)(4)表示国家、城市、地域的名词。Chengdus weather 成都的天气 Beijings population 北京的人口(5)表示天体、时间、距离的名词。the suns surface 太阳的表面 todays newspaper 今天的报纸ten hours driving distance 十小时的车程,(6)表示“某人家”“店铺”的名词所有格，一般省略它所修饰的名词。at the doctors 在诊所 at the tailors 在裁缝店at the Browns 在布朗家 to my aunts 去我婶婶家2.“of名词”所有格：一般表示无生命的名词的所属关系。the title of the film 影片的名字 the subject of the sentence 句子的主语3.双重所有格：当表示所属关系的名词前有冠词、指示代词、数量词、疑问形容词，如a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,several,no,each,every,such,another,which等词前置修饰一个名词时，必须用双重所有格，其结构为“a/an/this/that.名词of名词性物主代词/名词的所有格”。a friend of mine 我的一个朋友 a dog of his 他的一条狗a friend of my fathers 我父亲的一个朋友 that son of Johns 约翰的那个儿子注：不表示所属关系，而表示作用、类别、类型等，则只用名词作定语。rice field 水稻田 tooth brush 牙刷student life 学生的生活 flower shop 花店,PART03,典例解析,()1.(2013年对口升学考试)Can I help you？I want to buy _.A.two bottles of beer B.two bottle of beerC.two bottle of beers D.two bottles of beers【点拨】本题考查可数名词和不可数名词。bottle为可数名词，所以要加s;beer为不可数名词，无复数形式。()2.(2014年对口升学考试样题)Hello,is that Alice speaking？Sorry,Im afraid youve got the wrong _.A.number B.nameC.address D.message【点拨】本题考查词义辨析。由答句可知是打错了电话，get the wrong number意为“号码错了”。,A,A,()3.In China,September 10th is _.A.Nurses Day B.Nurses DayC.Teacher Day D.Teachers Day【点拨】本题考查名词的所有格。表示节日，前面的名词要用复数形式的所有格(除Mothers Day 和Fathers Day)。如：Womens Day等。()4.How far is your home from here？Its about ten _ walk.A.minute B.minutesC.minutes D.minutes【点拨】本题考查名词的所有格。以s或es结尾的复数名词的所有格，只在名词后面加。,D,B,()5.We came to a _at last and went in.A.watch shop B.watches shopC.watching shop D.watchs shop【点拨】本题考查名词的所有格。表示作用、类别、类型等只用名词作定语。,A,PART04,同步精练,()1.I have read _ of the young writer.A.works B.workC.this work D.the works【解析】特指加the；此处应该是年轻作家的作品，用works。故选D。()2.A group of _ will visit the museum tomorrow.A.Hungarian B.AustralianC.Japanese D.American【解析】a group of 修饰可数名词复数，单复数同形的只有C项。故选C。,D,C,()3.Would you like _ tea？No,thanks.I have drunk two _.A.any;bottles of orange B.some;bottles of orangeC.many;bottles of oranges D.few;bottle of oranges【解析】tea是不可数名词，排除C、D两项；在询问对方点餐并且希望得到对方肯定回答的时候要用some。故选B。()4.Oh,dear.I forgot the two _.A.rooms number B.rooms numberC.room numbers D.rooms numbers【解析】room表示number的性质，所以“房间号码”为room number；两个名词构成的复合名词，其复数形式是在第二个名词后加s。故选C。,B,C,()5.Li Lei is a _ boy.A.two-year-old B.two yearsC.two-years-old D.two-year-olds【解析】复合形容词中的名词用单数形式。故选A。()6.My English teacher is really very kind.Ill never forget the _ he has done me.A.favor B.deedC.help D.value【解析】句意：“我的英语老师实在太好了，我永远不会忘记他对我的帮助。”do sb.a favor帮助某人。故选A。,A,A,()7._is not far from here.A.Jacks and his brother house B.Jacks and his brothers housesC.Jack and his brothers house D.Jack and his brother house【解析】Jack and his brother和house之间是有生命的所属关系，排除D项；谓语动词is是单数形式，所以房子应该是两人共有，排除A、B两项。故选C。()8.All the _teachers and _students are having a meeting there.A.women;girls B.women;girlC.woman;girls D.woman;girl【解析】man和woman 作定语时都要变复数形式；girl 不变。故选B。,C,B,()9.My teacher asked me to write a _composition.A.five-thousand-words B.five-thousands-wordC.five-thousand-word D.five-thousands-words【解析】复合形容词中的名词用单数形式。故选C。()10.He has spent a large _of money on his new house.deal B.amount C.number D.piece【解析】修饰不可数名词money用固定短语a large amount of。故选B。,C,B,()11.Uncle Wang is going to get married and he has bought many _.A.furnitures B.furnitureC.furniture pieces D.pieces of furniture【解析】furniture是不可数名词，因此表示复数意义时要加上修饰量词，many修饰可数名词复数。故选D。()12.My hair is longer than _.A.my sister B.my sistersC.my sisters D.my sister【解析】句意：“我的头发比我妹妹的长。”比较的是头发，因此后面的sister要用所有格。故选C。,D,C,()13.Not all the _ are made of _.A.glasses;glasses B.glass;glassC.glasses;glass D.glass;glasses【解析】glasses意为“眼镜”，glass意为“玻璃”。故选C。()14.Some _will come to visit_ tomorrow.A.Germans;the Browns B.Germen;BrownsC.Germans;the Browns D.German;the Brown【解析】German的复数形式为Germans；“布朗家”可表述为the Browns。故选A。,C,A,()15.Jenny broke a _ while she was washing up.cup tea B.teas cup C.a cup of tea D.tea cup【解析】tea cup茶杯，名词作定语表类别时不用加s。故选D。()16._ is the mother of _.A.Failure;success B.The failure;successC.The failure;the success D.Failure;the success【解析】抽象名词不加冠词。句意：“失败乃成功之母。”故选A。,D,A,()17.Jane and her sister went on a holiday with a cousin of _.A.hers B.theirsC./D.their【解析】句意：“简与妹妹和她们的表妹一起去度假。”故选B。()18.Ill have a cup of tea and _.A.two breads B.two piece of breadsC.two pieces of bread D.two pieces of breads【解析】bread是不可数名词，表示复数概念时前面加上量词；因为是two,因此piece要加s。故选C。,B,C,()19.The _of the room were covered with _.A.roofs;leafs B.roofs;leavesC.rooves;leafs D.rooves;leaves【解析】roof的复数形式为roofs;leaf的复数形式为leaves。故选B。()20.John bought _for himself yesterday.A.two pairs shoes B.two pairs of shoesC.two pair of shoes D.two pair of shoe【解析】shoe只有复数形式为shoes，因为是two，所以pair后要加s。故选B。,B,B,THANKS,