不定式主动表被动.ppt
不定式,主动表被动,一、在某些固定句型中,动词不定式作定语,用主动形式表被动意义。,1）have（give,show）sth.to do,在这种句型中的不定式与前边的名词有动宾关系,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系。例如:I have a lot of things to do this afternoon.to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系。否则,在表示被动意义时,仍需要被动式。试比较:Have you anything to do this afternoon?今天下午你有事要做吗?（to do是由you发出的）,Have you anything to be taken to your parents?你有要带给你父母的东西吗?（谁带不得而知）再如:Please get me something to read.请给我弄点读的材料。Hell show you the right path to take.他会给你指出要走的正确的路。,2）It（This,That）beaanadj.n.to do,在这种句型中,不定式与前面的名词有动宾关系。动词不定式可改为动词不定式复合结构。例如:This is a difficult question to answer.这是个难答的问题。question与to answer为动宾关系。to answer可改为 for me to answer。再如:It is an easy sentence to translate.这个句子很容易翻译。,3）There be n.to do,在此句型中,用来修饰主语的不定式,可用主动式,也可用被动式,只是侧重点不同。用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动式作定语,重点在物。例如:没有时间可以耽误。可译成:There is no time to lose（to be lost）.用 to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost,谁 lost time不明确。但下述两句用主动不定式与被动不定式意义不同:,a.There is nothing to do now.（We have nothing to do now.）现在没事干。b.There is nothing to be done.（We can do nothing now.）现在没办法了。a.There is nothing to see.（nothing worth seeing）没有东西值得看。b.There is nothing to be seen.（nothing there at all）看不见什么东西。,The question is very difficult to answer.The problem is difficult to deal with.,1.主语be+adj.+to do,能用于此句型的形容词有:difficult,easy,comfortable,fit,hard,pleasant,tiresome(使人疲劳的),interesting,nice,heavy,dangerous,light,important,etc.,主动形式表被动意义的不定式,注意：当上述形容词在句中作宾语补足语，后接不定式时，不定式也用主动表被动。如：They dont think the game interesting to play.I find the lecture difficult to understand.,The box is light enough to carry.The river water is warm enough to swim in.,2.主语+be+adj.+enough+to do,The books seemed too heavy to carry.The ice is too thin to skate on.,3.主语+be+too+adj.+to do,4.不定式短语作后置定语，作give,have,get,buy,lend,want等动词的宾语时，如果主语是不定式动词短语的逻辑主语。则采用不定式的主动形式表被动概念。,I have a meeting to attend today.He gave me some books to read.,但如果主语不是不定式的逻辑主语，则需要用不定式的被动形式。,Do you have anything to be taken to your parents?,5.在“疑问代词+不定式”结构中。,如：I don/t know what to do next.She will tell you which bus to take.Do you know who to go with?,6.to let,to blame,to seek等用不定形式主动表示被动含义。,The house is to let.Who is to blame for it?The reason is not far to seek.,7.with+O.+to do 结构中，不定式作宾补时，常用主动表被动，且表将要发生的动作。如：,With so much work to do,I cant go out with you.,
