多区域地下发电机房水喷雾设计探讨.doc
多区域地下发电机房水喷雾设计探讨摘要：本文结合福州长城沃尔玛购物广场地下柴油发电机房的水喷雾设计，提出了当保护对象的保护面积较大或保护对象的数量较多时，利用多台雨淋阀组分别控制几个防火区内的水喷雾系统有关问题。 关键词：防火分区 水雾喷头 雨淋阀组 随着现在高层建筑的蓬勃发展，及其综合功能越来越强，一个大型高层建筑群往往有几个不同的业主及其用途，造成发电机组需设置多台。同时因发电机房面积过大，导致水喷雾系统流量过大，在此条件下，如何向多区域大面积发电机房进行水喷雾系统供水及控制成为一个核心问题。本文结合福州长城沃尔玛购物广场的工程实例提出解决措施。一, 工程概况福州长城沃尔玛购物广场位于福州市六一路和福马路交界处，是租用旺龙大厦裙房一至三层的大型超市。旺龙大厦由三座塔楼和五层裙房组成，主楼C楼地面二十层，A、B两座塔楼十八层，地下室一层，是以商业、办公写字、住宅为主的建筑群。其中主楼为福州市国税局， 沃尔玛购物广场设独立的中央空调系统。原有地下室柴油发电机房设有两台300KW（消防主电源，服务于沃尔玛超市）和一台260KW（国税局专用）的机组，由于用电负荷的增加，新增一台300KW（其余住宅和桑拿用）的发电机组，机组总负荷为1160KW。目前由于商场出租且新增发电机需变更设计。原设计是设卤代烷1211气体灭火系统，由于诸多原因尚未施工。该系统与水喷雾相比具有投资大、设备多、气体有污染等缺点已被淘汰。根据水喷雾灭火系统设计规范(GB50219-95)(以下简称雾规)第“1.0.3条水喷雾灭火系统可用于扑救闪点高于60的液体火灾”的要求变更设计采用设水喷雾系统。现针对水喷雾设计的几个问题进行探讨如下：二,水喷雾系统设计有关问题该柴油发电机组水喷雾系统设计的四个基本设计参数：设计喷雾强度20L/min·，持续喷雾时间0.5h，水喷雾工作压力不应小于0.35Mpa，响应时间不应大于45s。保护面积的确定根据雾规第3.1.5.1条规定，柴油机组应按外表面面积确定；而第3.1.6条规定日用油间则应按使用面积确定。因此导致了水喷雾喷头的两种保护方法：立体保护和平面保护。考虑到柴油发电机四周及顶部均有着火的可能性，虽然用立体保护能使有效喷水强度的水雾直接喷射覆盖火源，达到控火、灭火之目的。但是笔者认为建筑物内的自备发电机房水喷雾灭火系统采用实际使用面积来设计较为合理。原因有三：（1）对于设在室内的小型发电机组，由于其高度一般为2.0m左右，而高速水雾喷头的垂直有效射程可达3.0m，机体一般能处在水雾喷头的有效射程内，采用平面保护可以达到直喷的效果。也不会因以后机组的挪位或型号的改变而更改系统。（2）配水支管绕机组四周布置，特别是同一机房内有两台机组时（参看图一），管道和喷头的安装会很困难，而且会极大的妨碍日常操作。（3）通常采用实际使用面积比保护对象的外表面面积大，所设喷雾喷头较多，这样喷雾强度更大，更安全。确定喷头个数和系统流量水雾喷头分中速喷头和高速喷头。中速喷头一般用于防护冷却，其压力0.150.50Mpa，水滴粒径为0.40.8mm，高速喷头一般用于灭火、控火，其压力0.250.70Mpa，水滴粒径为0.30.4mm。柴油发电机房应选用高速水雾喷头。现国内发电机房一般选用上海消防器材总厂生产的ZSTG10/114型高速喷射器。水雾喷头的流量按下式计算：（7.1.1）其中K43.8，在0.35Mpa的压力下流量为81.9L/min。保护对象的水雾喷头的计算数量应按下式计算：（7.1.2）本例中三个机房的实际使用面积分别为54、26、21，储油间实际使用面积为19，经计算分别所需喷头数为13、7、5、5个。而据现场条件和喷头的布置要求，其平面布置方式可为矩形或菱形。当按矩形布置时，水雾喷头之间的距离不应大于1.4倍水雾喷头的水雾锥底园半径；当按菱形布置时，水雾喷头之间距离不应大于1.7倍水雾喷头的水雾锥底园半径。实际布置的喷头数为13、7、5、6个，机房水雾喷头平面布置见下图（一）：系统的计算流量按下式计算：（7.1.3）系统的设计流量为（1.051.10）Qj，经计算系统设计流量为44.4346.54l/s。很显然系统流量较大，水喷雾泵的选择成为一个难题。 3、水喷雾泵的选型如何选择系统的加压送水设备呢？通常有两种方法：采用独立的消防泵，这种方法增加了消防泵的台数，既浪费投资又增加建筑占地面积，所以在实际设计中很少采用。与建筑内的消防泵共用（均需满足流量和压力前提下），这里有两种共用方式：即与消火栓泵共用和与喷淋泵共用。建筑内同一时间内的火灾次数按一次考虑，由于水喷雾系统和喷淋系统不需同时开启，而消火栓系统有可能开启，因此笔者认为适合与喷淋泵共用。喷雾系统的设计前面已经提及，为节省投资，水喷雾系统与喷淋供水系统共用，且雨淋阀必须在自动喷水灭火系统的报警阀前（沿水流方向）分开设置。但喷淋泵的压力虽然足够，流量（30l/s<44.43l/s）却不够。根据雾规第6.0.5条“当保护对象的保护面积较大或保护对象的数量较多时，水喷雾灭火系统宜设多台雨淋阀，并利用雨淋阀控制同时喷雾的水喷雾喷头数量”。因此在本例设计中将机房和储油间分为二个防火分区，设两台雨淋阀组。高层民用建筑设计防火规范第4.1.3.1和4.1.3.2条规定柴油发电机房和储油间的隔墙都符合防火墙耐火等级，且门均为防火门，所以可以认为柴油发电机房和储油间是独立的防火系统，划分为二个防火分区内的水喷雾系统不需同时动作。根据图（二）的原理图，结合前面图（一）平面1布置图可以看出，本例将面积为54和26的机房化为防火分区，用水量为27.3l/s；将面积为21的机房和面积为19的储油间化为防火分区，用水量为15.6l/s。每个防火分区设一个水喷雾系统并由一台雨淋阀组控制，减少了每个水喷雾灭火系统的水量。根据雾规第7.1.4条“当采用雨淋阀控制同时喷雾的水雾喷头数量时，水喷雾灭火系统的计算流量应按系统中同时喷雾的水雾喷头的最大用水量确定”。因此该水喷雾系统的计算流量按防火分区中同时喷雾的最大用水量27.3l/s确定，喷淋泵可以满足要求。其它几个问题系统的防超压。由于系统共用喷淋泵，在地下一层的水喷雾系统压力远大于工作压力，使得水雾喷头喷水强度过大，考虑到水喷雾泵工作时，消火栓泵可能同时开启，要保证消火栓泵的用水量，就会使水喷雾系统的持续喷雾时间达不到0.5h。因此必须采取减压措施。水喷雾消防泵所需扬程H应按以下公式计算： H=h1+h2+h3式中： h1最不利点水雾喷头的实际工作压力（0.35Mpa）， h2系统管道沿程水头损失及局部水头损失之和，h3最不利点水雾喷头与系统管道入口或消防水池最低水位之间的高程差。据上式计算H一般在0.45Mpa左右，因此宜在雨淋阀前设减压稳压阀，阀后压力控制在0.450.50Mpa。（2）系统响应时间。雾规第3.1.4规定“水喷雾灭火系统的响应时间，当用于灭火时不应大于45s”。系统的响应时间由信号传输时间和水流到达时间组成。水喷雾系统应设有自动控制、手动控制和应急操作三种控制方式。自动控制从定温火灾探测器感温动作发出火灾信号，并将信号输入控制盘，由控制盘再将信号分别自动阀，自动启动水喷雾泵大约需10s左右，因此必须缩短雨淋阀到最不利水雾喷头的距离，减少水流到达时间。故雨淋阀通常设在发电机房附近的雨淋阀室内，既保证响应时间又方便应急操作。三，结论本文经过技术经济分析，在节省投资、减少建筑占地面积的前提下，提出了水喷雾泵共用喷淋泵。当喷淋泵不能满足系统流量时，把大面积具有独立防火系统的发电机房和储油间分为二个防火分区，设置两台雨淋阀组分别控制。随着水喷雾灭火系统在高程建筑中的应用越来越多，而水喷雾灭火系统设计规范中还存在一些不够清晰和完善的地方，以上只是本人在参加实际工程设计中的一些个人看法，不足之处请专家、同行给予指正。参考文献水喷雾灭火系统设计规范（GB5021995）高层民用建筑设计防火规范（GB5004595）</Porganization system and working mode, the selection of a number of municipal strengthening group to build innovation and strengthen the organization of the basic level organizations advanced model.(seven) the manual work of the Communist Youth League Organization published < > and < > League branch of manual work, to promote the use of two manuals in the city's organizations at various levels. The county committee, directly under the group (work) is under the jurisdiction of grassroots League and group (total) using branch ratio shall not be less than 70%.Three, to further strengthen the group's leadership and team building(a) to strengthen the league's leadership at all levels of construction. Continue to do a good job of municipal Party Committee Organization Department "on the strengthening of the Communist Youth League cadres management opinions implementation. To promote the group counties (autonomous counties, cities) Commission and city directly under the group (workers) appointed to carry out the" Five "team building activities. Improve the League Association Department working mechanism. Conscientiously fulfill the duties of CO, combined with the city group directly under (the) Committee of the general election and the adjustment, actively jointly with the unit where the party organization department good group leadership selection with the work. Do a good job in municipal Party committee assistant committee leadership and leading cadres of the annual assessment work, adhere to and improve the assistant secretary of the Communist Youth League talk system group To weave individual conversation and collective conversation, to strengthen the committees of all levels, the Standing Committee of the Standing Committee, the establishment of a sound system of central group learning, the system of investigation and study, the system of important issues and the reporting system.(two) to strengthen the work of education and training of cadres to conscientiously implement the Central Committee. "On the implementation of grassroots cadres training project and opinions on carrying out the" mission municipal CYL Cadres training project implementation opinions, full implementation of the project of the City Youth League cadres training education. Focus on the county grassroots cadres and workers focused on training, the new school system vocational training League cadres, for the Municipal Organization Department jointly held the third session of the Communist Youth League system training cadres in party. Focusing on the construction of new socialist countryside, strengthening village cadres and rural construction team group member of the young team, the county organizations at various levels throughout the year is expected to train 100 00 rural grassroots cadres, plans to train 1000 village secretary of the village Party branch.(three) actively promote grassroots cadres election work. Under the unified leadership of the party organization, to strengthen grassroots organizations direct work, standardize the election work rules and procedures, in the designated candidate, open competition to democratically elected branch secretary at the same time, actively and steadily the development of Township, streets and other grassroots organizations in the direct election of the pilot work, on the basis of summarizing the experience and gradually expand the scope of the pilot, and gradually formed a set of measures and cadres election system.(four) to strengthen the cadres testing exercise. To study the development of <XX city from 2006 to 2008 cadres testing exercise planning. To select outstanding cadres to the central mission in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other central organs and sending work in developed areas. With the Central Committee the implementation of the western region and ethnic minorities cadres training plan "". To carry out the eighth batch of municipal organs attachment cadre management, selection, training work. The outstanding cadres to start the National Development Bank XX branch testing exercise.(five) to strengthen the group construction. The main position to play the role of Youth League cadre education and training as the city, in accordance with the requirements of post training, further curriculum scientifically and rationally, adopt "arrangement menu" course, basic theory includes group work, focus, hot and difficult issues, to enhance the content and practice; to strengthen the construction of teaching staff, the integration of teachers, establish a quality teacher training team, establish and implement course evaluation system; take delivery of training to the countryside, on-site training, and increase the rural grassroots cadres training efforts.Four, efforts to strengthen the work of young talent(a) to tenth XX young 54 medal in recognition of the publicity, and actively explore the XX youth service. 54 Medal of institutionalization, standardization and socialization mechanism. Give full play to the XX award in recognition of 54 youth medal Association, Youth Award winner in the 54 chapter, investigation activities. Who won the Youth Service medal, dedication to the society to create conditions, build the stage. During the 54, named in recognition of the tenth XX young 54 medal. The association of <XX editing of young talent ", the exchange of information and communication platform for the XX of outstanding young talents.(two) the establishment of municipal Party committee of young talent information database. In accordance with the "feasible, effective, classification management, implement step by step" principle, the establishment of municipal Party committee of youth talent database; guiding organizations at various levels generally established the young talent database, construction of city, county (directly under the Communist Youth League), grassroots organizations three young talent information database the relevant information collection system, and gradually establish the city's young people, the Communist Youth League youth talent information network, provide information platform for young talent resource development.Five, take effective measures to strengthen the mission management(a) to strengthen the mission management work. Strengthen the dues collection and management, continue to adhere to the dues collection regularly reporting system, the annual comprehensive award in recognition of the tour and the tour one vote veto system audit system. Do statistical work in the group. The group service award in recognition of the advanced units, standardization, promoting group management work institutionalized.(two) to strengthen the organization of research and information exchange efforts. Grassroots carry out research, efforts to form a number of theoretical results. Make full use of the network carrier, to explore the establishment of electronic group service system, promote the work of Communist Youth League information.Attachment 4:XX municipal Party Committee Propaganda Department of the Communist Youth League work pointsIn 2006, the Communist Youth League propaganda ideological work XX to Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of "Three Represents" as guidance, study and implement the party's sixteen and the spirit of the the fifth Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee implementation of the eight plenary session of the two committee, the city's cultural work conference, the Propaganda Department of the meeting and the the fourth Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee permanent mission spirit, closely around "11th Five-Year XX" the goal of full implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, emancipating the mind, seeking truth from facts, keep pace with the times, close to reality, close to life, close to the young, persevere grasp orientation, grasping deepening, grasping construction innovation, further improve the group's propaganda and ideological work ability, unity To guide the majority of members of the youth to achieve the "11th Five-Year" planning tasks, the overall construction of a well-off society, building a socialist harmonious society to make new contributions.One, adhere to the "Three Represents" important thought and Scientific Outlook on Development education to guide the youth, to further strengthen the ideological and political education of youth(a) armed with youth science theory. Unremittingly with Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of "Three Represents" armed members of youth education, to promote the study and implement to expand the depth and breadth. To study and implement the important thought of "Three Represents" with the establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development combine with the implementation of the requirements of constructing socialist harmonious society with Scientific Outlook on Development, carry out education as an important part of the theory of armed youth in the new period, strengthen the establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development education, educate and guide the youth to fully understand the great significance of establishment and implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development, in-depth understanding of the Scientific Outlook on Development era back The king, the practice foundation, basic connotation, historical status, spirit and practice requirements, a profound understanding of Scientific Outlook on Development with Marxism Leninism, Mao Zedong thought, inheriting and developing relationship between Deng Xiaoping theory and the important thought of "Three Represents", to help young people establish and consciously practice Scientific Outlook on Development. Persist in learning, grasping the backbone, grasp the practice, grasp the opportunity. Catch club, effective way to grasp the network, with the group of cadres, young students and young backbone fronts as the focus, to promote the work of the armed youth theory to develop in depth, to help the youth continue to firm ideals and beliefs, to build a powerful spiritual pillar. To carry out the study and implementation of the party's sixteen session of the five Eight plenary session of the two plenary session of the Central Committee and the party spirit, to the city's Youth League members thinking into the spirit of the meeting, to achieve the goal of national consciousness and XX economic and social development in 11th Five-Year "period. Contribute to help and guide the youth to a profound understanding of the significance and main task of building a socialist harmonious society, actively join the construction of socialist harmonious society.(two) to strengthen the ideological and moral construction of teenagers. Thoroughly implement the central spirit of the document No. 8, No. 16 and "the program for Improving Civic Morality" to minors and students as focus groups, to strengthen and improve the ideological and moral construction of minors and the ideological and political education of college students. Make full use of the spirit and the spirit of the Three Gorges migrants Hongyan XX unique the use of educational resources, school, into the team, the league, to join the party, adult occasions, extensive "Hongyan spirit generation" theme education activities. Use of holidays and leisure time, youth organization
