《礼记》二则PPT课件.ppt
22 礼记二则,礼记是十三经之一,与周礼仪礼全称为三礼。儒家经典著作之一。礼记全书用记叙文的形式写成,一些篇章具有相当高的文学价值。有的用短小的生动故事表明某一道理,有的气势磅礴、结构谨严,有的言简意赅、意味隽永,有的擅长心理描写和刻画,书中还收有大量富有哲理的格言、警句,精辟而深刻。,教学目标:1、积累重点文言文词语,背诵课文。2、准确翻译课文,学习对比论证和类比说理的方法。3、理解礼尚往来和教学相长的道理,虽有嘉肴,嘉肴()弗食()自强()教学相长()兑命()学()学()半,yo,qin,yu,xio,f,zhn,xu,第一次先学后教:比一比注音,自学指导:听录音,给加点字注音。4分钟后注音,第二次先学后教:试译课文,自学指导:根据课下注释,试翻译课文,8分钟后看谁翻译的准确。,虽有嘉肴,弗食,不知其旨也;虽有至道,弗学,不知其善也。,指有骨头的肉,指味美,最好的道理,好,比喻论证:亲身学习的重要性。,即使有鲜美的菜肴摆在那里,如果不吃,就不能知道它的味美;虽然有最好的道理(最好的义理),如果不去学习,也不能知道它的美好可贵。,古义:即使 今义:虽然),古义:味美 今义:主旨,是故学然后知不足,教然后知困。知不足,然后能自反也;,所以,困惑,自我反思,所以深入学习之后才知道自己知识的贫乏,教育别人之后才发现自己学识上的困惑。知道自己知识不够,然后才能自我反省,努力向学;,古义:困惑 今义:穷苦,艰难,知困,然后能自强也。故曰:教学相长也。,自己鼓励自己,教与学是互相推动、互相促进的,知道有困惑,然后才能自我勉励,发愤图强。所以说:教与学相互发生作用,教育别人,也能增长自己的学问。,道理论证:教与学的关系:教学相长,强:古义:竭力,尽力今义:健壮的,有力的,长:古义:促进,提高今义:增长,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元尚书兑命说:“教育别人,能收到一半学习的效果。”就是这个意思。成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,同“说”yu,指的是殷商时的贤相傅说,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,兑命曰“学学半”,其此之谓乎!,尚书中的一篇,教别人,占自己学习的一半,表示猜测,引用论证:进一步强调教学相长的关系。,翻译全文。,即使有鲜美的菜肴摆在那里,如果不吃,就不能知道它的味美;虽然有最好的道理(最好的义理),如果不去学习,也不能知道它的美好可贵。所以深入学习之后才知道自己知识的贫乏,教育别人之后才发现自己学识上的困惑。知道自己知识不够,然后才能自我反省,努力向学;知道有困惑,然后才能自我勉励,发愤图强。所以说:教与学相互发生作用,教育别人,也能增长自己的学问。尚书兑命说:“教育别人,能收到一半学习的效果。”就是这个意思。,第四次先学后教:互动探究,1.虽有嘉肴一文主要论述了什么道理?作者是怎么论述的?,本文主要论述了教学相长的道理。文章首先以“虽有嘉肴,弗食,不知其旨也”作比引出“虽有至道,弗学,不知其善也”进而又从教与学两个方面加以说明,最后归结到“教学相长”这个结论。,(文章的思路),状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,2.怎样看待“教学相长”的道理?,本文论述了教与学的关系问题,说明了教和学是相辅相成的,是互相促进的道理。,大道之行也,大道:指儒家推崇的上古时代的政治制度。,本文选自礼记礼运。礼运是礼记中的篇名,大约是战国末年或秦汉之际儒家学者托名孔子答问的著作。本文是礼记礼运开头部分里的一段话,主旨是阐明儒家理想中的“大同”社会的基本特征。,选贤与能()讲信修睦()矜()货恶其弃于地也()幼有所长()男有分()谋闭而不兴(),j,m,un,w,zhn,fn,xn,第一次先学后教:比一比注音,自学指导听录音,5分钟后给下面加点字注音,大道之行也,天下为公。选贤与能,讲信修睦。,是,同“举”,选拔,对“大同”社会的纲领性说明。,古义:儒家推崇的上古时代的政治制度 今义:宽而长的路,“也”表判断,第二次先学后教:比一比翻译课文 自学指导:结合课下注释试翻译课文,7 分钟后找人翻译。,在大道施行的时候,天下是人们所共有的,把品德高尚的人、能干的人选拔出来,讲求诚信,培养和睦(气氛)。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,故人不独亲其亲,不独子其子,使老有所终,壮有所用,幼有所长,矜、寡、孤、独、废疾者皆有所养,男有分,女有归。,意动用法,以为亲,同“鳏”,老而无妻,老而无夫,幼而无父,老而无子,职分,职守,女子出嫁,古义:归宿 今义:回来,形容词作名词,老年人,壮年人,所以人们不单奉养自己的父母,不单抚育自己的子女,要使老年人能终其天年,中年人能为社会效力,幼童能顺利地成长,使老而无妻的人、老而无夫的人、幼年丧父的孩子、老而无子的人、残疾人都能得到供养。男子有职务,女子有归宿。,货恶其弃于地也,不必藏于己;力恶其不出于身也,不必为己。,对于财货,人们憎恨把它扔在地上的行为,(却)不一定要自己私藏;,人们都愿意为公众之事竭尽全力,而不一定为自己谋私利。,写大同社会的基本特征。,是故谋闭而不兴,盗窃乱贼而不作,故外户而不闭。是谓大同。,因此,用门闩插门,阴谋,干坏事的想法,兴起,这叫作,全文的总结语。,古义:作乱 今义:没有秩序,没有条理,因此奸邪之谋不会发生,盗窃、造反和害人的事情不发生。所以大门都不用关上了,这叫做理想社会。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,第三次先学后教:精读课文给文章分层,第一层:(第1、2句),第二层:(第3、4句),第三层:(第5、6句),大同社会的根本特征,大同社会的基本特征,总结语,大同社会的局面,1.“大同”社会的根本特征是什么?请找出相关语句,并作讲解。,政权属于社会的全体成员,社会的管理者应由品德高尚的人和能干的人担任,社会成员间应当建立起良好的关系,2.本文是从哪几个方面来说明“大同”社会的基本特征的?,3.从“谋闭而不兴,盗窃乱贼而不作”中,你感受到了当时社会怎样的状况?,“谋闭而不兴,盗窃乱贼而不作”是大同社会安定、和谐的状况的反映,其中折射出现实社会的黑暗、阴险,这正是人们迫切追求理想社会的原因。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,根据文中阐述的内容和你对“大同”社会 的认识,你觉得“大同”社会能实现吗?,互动探究:,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,大道之行也,社会纲领,基本特征,理想社会,天下为公,社会关爱,安居乐业,货尽其用,选贤与能,讲信修睦,人尽其力,谋闭不兴,盗乱不作,外户不闭,太平盛世 心驰神往,本文通过对理想中的社会特征的描述,阐明了儒家理想中的“大同”社会的基本特征,表达了作者对这个理想社会的向往,同时,也反映了我国古代劳动人民对美好生活的追求。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,一、背诵虽有嘉肴,说说这篇短文的中心论点是什么,作者是怎样进行论述的。,课后习题参考答案,参考答案:中心论点:教学相长。在论述时,先以“虽有嘉肴,弗食,不知其旨也”作比,继而引入“虽有至道,弗学,不知其善也”,进而又从教与学两个方面加以分析论证,最后归结到“教学相长”这个结论。,二、背诵大道之行也,归纳一下儒家的大同社会理想包括哪些方面。,参考答案:人人都能受到全社会的关爱;人人都能安居乐业;人人都珍惜劳动成果,却毫无自私自利之心(物尽其用,人尽其力)。,三、这两则短文多运用对偶句,造成铺排效果,增强了文章的气势。试从两篇中各举一例加以分析。,参考答案:例:“虽有嘉肴,弗食,不知其旨也;虽有至道,弗学,不知其善也”,多使用对偶句,句式整齐,读来朗朗上口,节奏感强,颇有韵律美,其间道理易于让人理解、接受。,“货物其弃于地也,不必藏于己;力恶其不出于身也,不必为己”,对偶句,结构整齐,增强语势,描绘了大同社会的美好境界,使文章的论证更加生动、形象、全面、有力,突出了“大同”思想的中心。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,教学:教和学。,子:子女。,归:女子出嫁。,货:指财物。,贼:指害人。,五、下面是礼记学记中的一些格言警句,查阅工具书,结合自己的学习经验,谈谈你的理解。,1.玉不琢,不成器;人不学,不知道。,一个人的成才之路如同雕刻玉器一样,玉在没有打磨雕琢以前和石头没有区别,人也是一样,只有经过刻苦磨练才能成为一个有用的人。,2.时过然后学,则勤苦而难成。,人的身心发展过程中存在着关键期,在关键期内发展学生相应的能力效果最佳。教育要遵循个体身心发展的规律。,3.独学而无友,则孤陋而寡闻。,如果学习中缺乏学友之间的交流切磋,就必然会导致知识狭隘,见识短浅。好朋友是你了解外部世界的桥梁,也是你不断完善自己的标尺。一个人学习,而不接触外部环境,好比“闭门造车”,是行不通的,只有与朋友共同学习,“察纳雅言”,才能弥补自身的缺憾,并获得更多知识,才能不“孤陋寡闻”了!,更多教学资源微信jxzy888666,4.善问者,如攻坚木,先其易者,后其节目。,在学问上善于问难的人,应当是先易后难,循序渐进,像木工砍硬木先从易进斧的地方下手一样。,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,1.背诵课文,说说你的感悟。2.完成相应课时练习。,