雅思图表写作：概论.ppt

图表题 写作,TASK 1 KEY WORDS,图表流程动态静态对象,罗列比较峰值交叉转折,What can you learn?,You learn what you need1 Whats task 1 about?2.The structure of task 13.Find the pointcut,4.Words and phrases5.Linking 6.grammar,图表5种类型,表格 Table线图(直线/曲线)Line graph柱状图(条形图)Bar chart饼图 Pie chart流程图 Process diagram/flow chart,剑桥雅思小作文真题集（4-8）,Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 1:The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in poverty in Australia in 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.,Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 2:The graph blew shows the demand electricity in Engliand during typical days in winter and summer.The pie chart shows how electricity is used in an average English home.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisions where ralevant.,Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 3:The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualifications in Australia and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.,Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 4:The charts below give information about travel to and from the UK,and about the most popular countries from UK residents to visit.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.,Cambridge IELTS 5TEST 1:The graph blew shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries.Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.,TEST 2:The charts below show the main reasons for study among students of different age groups and amount of support they received from employers.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.,TEST 3:The map below is of the town of Garlsdon.A new supermarket(s)is planned for the town.The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.,TEST 4:The table below gives information about the underground railway systems in six cities.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.,Cambridge IELTS 6TEST 1:The graph and table below give information about water use worldwild and water consumption in two different countries.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.,TEST 2:The table below gives information about changes in modes of travel in England between 1985 and 2000.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.,TEST 3:The diagrams below show the life cycle of the silkworm and the stages in the production of silk cloth.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.,TEST 4:The charts below give information about USA marriage and divorce rates between 1970 and 2000,and the marital status of adult America in two of the years.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.,Cambridge IELTS 7 TEST 1:The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five different countries in 2002.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.,TEST 2:The pargh below shows the consumption of fish and some different kinds of meat in European country between 1979 and 2004.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.,TEST 3:The chart below shows information about changes in average house prices in five different cities between 1990 and 2002 compared with average house prices in 1989.Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.,TEST 4:The pie charts below show units of electricity production by fuel source in Australia and France in 1980 and 2000.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisions where relevant.,Cambridge IELTS 8 TEST 1:The pie chart below shows the main reasons why agricultural land becomes less productive.The table shows how these causes affected three regions of the world during the 1990s.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant,TEST 2:The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending by a particular UK school in 1981,1991,and 2001.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.,TEST 3:The diagrams below show the stages and equipment used in the cement-making process,and how cement is used to produce concrete for building purpose.Summaries the information by selecting and reporting the main features,and make comparisons where relevant.,TEST 4:The graph below shows the quantities of goods transport in the UK between 1974 and 2002 by four different modes of transport.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisions where ralevant.,Line graphPie chart Bar chart 70%TableFlow graph/process diagram 20%Others 10%,雅思图表题3个要求,第一 客观性 不能有想象成分，总结归纳要符合逻辑。第二 准确性 数据要求精确（不抄错），可以合理目测（大概数值）。第三 详尽性 4类特征数据一定介绍：最大值（maximum），最小值（minimum），交叉点（intersection），变化趋势（trend）。,审题,Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant.Summarize main Features,not list dataSelect Trend,Max/Min,SlopeReport facts,not opinionsCompare within the chart or between the charts,图表题3种段落,第一 开头段第二 主体段第三 结尾段,开头段 写作,第一节,Writing the introduction,开头段：1-2句，转述原题,转述原题3法：添加单词 删除单词 替换单词（注意：改动不需过多，3-4处，即可）原题一句变两句，两句变一句。全部改写，要保证语法、句型的正确性。开头段的时态：永远一般现在时,开头段：1-2句，转述原题,练习1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The following graphs indicate the proportion of the effect of treatment in two types of cancer in women.You should write at least 150 words.,Key to 练习1【原文】The following graphs indicate the proportion of the effect of treatment in two types of cancer in women.【改写】The two line graphs(given)illustrate/show/demonstrate/outline/describe the percentage of the influence of treatment in two kinds/categories of cancer in females.,开头段：1-2句，转述原题,练习2You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below show the results of a survey of adult education.The first chart shows the reasons why adults decide to study.The pie chart shows how people think the costs of adult education should be shared.You should write at least 150 words.,Key to 练习2【原文】The charts below show the results of a survey of adult education.The first chart shows the reasons why adults decide to study.The pie chart shows how people think the costs of adult education should be shared.【改写】The two charts illustrate the results(outcomes/solutions)of a survey(questionnaire)of adult education.The bar chart describes the reasons why adults decide to study while the pie chart outlines peoples opinion about the cost shares of adult education.,开头段：1-2句，转述原题,练习3You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The table shows the results of a survey in 2004 which asked undergraduate and postgraduate students of a UK university whether they were satisfied with the facilities at the university.You should write at least 150 words.,Key to 练习3【原文】The table shows the results of a survey in 2004 which asked undergraduate and postgraduate students of a UK university whether they were satisfied with the facilities at the university.【改写】The diagram gives a breakdown（明细表）about different attitudes among undergraduate and postgraduate students towards equipments of a UK college in the year 2004.,主体段 写作,第二节,主体段写作重中之重,通过对图表的分析，快速找到主体段写作的切入点,原则：能在两至三段内解决问题。最多三段，每段必须描述的是同一个对象。,主体段：1+X句，第一句总体概括，X句具体介绍数字。,第一句作用：总括变化趋势(有时间变化的图，如 line graph和 bar chart 的升降、波动等）；或 包含哪几种数据（没时间变化的图，如 pie chart 和 table 的组成部分）。X句数据介绍3要点：按照顺序介绍数据 4类关键信息：最大-最小-变化-交叉（主要是线图）还有：起点-拐点-终点 信息也值得注意 可作取舍，不必面面俱到，视时间而定 注意：主体段时态由题目的时间决定。,主体段模版:,According to the first bar,(由图可见).To be more specifically(具体说来),.At first,.Then,.After that,.From this point onwards,.Finally,.Sentence 1 As shown in the,As can be seen from the,It is manifest from the that Sentence 2 To be more specific,=More specifically,To be more exact,=More exactly,To be more precise,=More precisely,表示时间推移的短语（熟记）：,At first,(=initially)Then,After that,From this point onwards,Finally(=eventually),表示趋势的短语-动词（熟记）：,数字趋势动词1.上升趋势:rise,go up,2.下降趋势:fall,sink,drop,dip,reduce,go down3.保持不变:remain steady,show no/little change4.波动:fluctuate,趋势动词替换1.上升趋势:increase,grow,climb,ascend(jump,surge,soar,shoot up)2.下降趋势:decline,decrease,descend(plunge,slump)3.保持不变:level off/out at,hover at,stabilize at,reach a plateau at,表示趋势的短语-形容词（熟记）：,1.速度快:sharp,rapid,dramatic,drastic 2.速度慢:gradual,slow,steady,gentle3.幅度大:significant,substantial,marked4.幅度小:slight,modest,moderate注意:以上加 ly 均为副词。表示分别的副词是 respectively。,表示趋势的短语-其它（熟记）：,1.最高点:peak at,reach the highest point at,2.最低点:bottom out at,reach the bottom at,the lowest point at3.达到多少（量）:reach,arrive at,amount to,hit,stand at4.占多少（比例）:account for,make up,occupy,represent,constitute5.预测（会有）多少:predict,expect,forecast 句型为：A is predicted/expected/forecasted to reach,Useful,1-表示经历了某种变化 see/witness/experience2-表示由组成 be made up of/be composed/comprised of consist of/comprise（主动态）3-对比和类比 Similarly,/Likewise,Unlike,In comparison,In/By contrast,4-大约多少 about/around/roughly/approximately just over/just under,结尾段 写作,第三节,三大注意：,题目里如果有总数（total）不要在主体段介绍，可放在结尾段，比较清楚。如没有total，就直接总结上文。最后一句结论没有必要过于深刻。可据常理找出图表呈现的规律。如出现两图,一般以图之间的比较得出结论。,引用数据方法,第 四 节,图表引用数据方法：1.The number picked up in June,rocketing by almost 500%.2.There was a marked improvement in July with the number of visitors surging 400%.3.The period between May and September saw a steady growth in the number of visitors from 70,000 to 140,000.4.The gradual rise in visitor numbers from 30,000 to approximately 45,000 in the first four months was followed by a sharper increase in May.,图表引用数据句型：1.The number picked up in June,rocketing by almost 500%.2.There was a marked improvement in July with the number of visitors surging 400%.3.The period between May and September saw a steady growth in the number of visitors from 70,000 to 140,000.4.The gradual rise in visitor numbers from 30,000 to approximately 45,000 in the first four months was followed by a sharper increase in May.,统计数据句型,There was a slight rise in the number of TV audiences from about 3%at 6:00 am to about 7%at 8 am.,表达-1：从早上6点到早上8点看电视的人数有个小小的增长,由3%到7%。,统计数据句型,The percentage declined substantially until 8:00 am,bottoming out at about 45%.,表达-2：百分率一直大幅下滑，到早上8点最低降到约45%。,统计数据句型,The next two hours witnessed a dramatic rise in the number again,with the number reaching 280 at midday.,表达-3：接下来的两个小时，数字又巨幅攀升，中午时分最高达到280。,统计数据句型,However,for the rest of the day,the percentage of radio was much lower than that of TV.,表达-4：然而在一天里其他的时间，听收音机的百分比要比看电视的百分比低很多。,统计数据句型,Other reasons had the smallest number in the four reasons.,表达-5：其他的原因在这四个原因中数字是最小的。,统计数据句型,The price plunged dramatically in 1994,but then it regained its previous level,before soaring to a new peak.,表达-6：价格在1994年急剧下挫，不过很快恢复到了原来水平，最后冲上新的高点。,统计数据句型,In spite of the sharp fluctuations in the price,the trend was obviously upwards.,表达-7：尽管价格波动很大，但趋势明显向上。,统计数据句型,The profit doubled from March to May.The profit increased three times(three-fold)from March to May.,表达-8：5月的利润是3月的两倍/三倍。,统计数据句型,The other colors,which constitute 3.12%,are considerably less popular than blue(12.72%),表达-9：其他颜色占3.12%，极不如蓝色受到欢迎，蓝色占12.72%。,统计数据句型,For A Company,the income from sales is$23 million,making the company the lowest one in sales.,表达-10：A公司的销售收入2300万美元，销售排行最低。,统计数据句型,B Company tops the list,with a sales figure about$70 million.,表达-11：B公司的销售收入排行第一,约7000万美元。,统计数据句型,D Companys sales income reaches$48 million,which is in the middle of the list.,表达-12：D公司的销售收入达4800万美元，排行居中。,统计数据句型,China has 1.3 billion people,accounting for one fifth of the worlds population.,表达-13：中国有13亿人口，占世界总人口的五分之一。,统计数据句型,There are 12 staff members with masters degree,making up nearly a quarter of the workforce.,表达-14：十二人有硕士学位，占职工总数的四分之一。,统计数据句型,The number increased by 70%during the last decade.(动词)There was an increase of 70%during the last decade.(名词),表达-15：在过去的十年里数字增长了70%。,