英语写作-如何写好前言至关重要.ppt

2023/5/28,Part 2 Writing the Introductory Paragraph,1.Functions of the Introduction 2.How to introduce the topic3.How to write the thesis statement4.Writing Practice,2023/5/28,Problems,1.Thesis Statement2.Topic Sentence3.Thesis Restatemente.g.In my opinion,same-sex marriage should be legalized.,2023/5/28,Functions of the Introduction,1.Capture the readers interest2.Provide background information(introduce the topic)3.State the main idea in a thesis statement,2023/5/28,Introduce the topic,Use one or a combination of the following techniques:1)Move from general to specific 2)Use an anecdote3)Use a quotation4)Ask a question 5)Present facts and statistics,2023/5/28,1.Move from general to specific,“A funnel(漏斗)introduction”from general statements on the subject to one thesis statement.Resemble a funnel,wide at the top and narrow at the bottom.,2023/5/28,An example,We live in the age of technology.Everyday,new technology appears,ranging from mini-CDs that contain entire encyclopedias of information to giant space telescopes that can send photographs of distant stars back to Earth.Of all the new technological wonders,personal computers have probably had the greatest influence on the daily lives of average people.Through computers,we can now talk to people in any country,research any topic,work,shop,bank,and entertain ourselves.Personal computers have especially revolutionized communication,entertainment and business practices in the past twenty years.,2023/5/28,Exercise:Rewrite each paragraph,Ex.1(1)Therefore,workaholics lifestyles can affect their families,social lives,and health.(2)Because they work so many hours,workaholics may not spend enough time in leisure activities.(3)Nowadays,many men and women work in law,accounting,real estate,and business.(4)These people are serious about becoming successful;they work long hours during the week and even on weekends,so they are called“workaholics.”Key:3421,2023/5/28,Ex.2(1)Therefore,anyone who wants to drive must carry a drivers license.(2)It is divided into four steps:studying the traffic laws,taking the written test,learning to drive,and taking the driving test.(3)Getting a drivers license is a complicated process.(4)Driving a car is a necessity in todays busy society,and it is also a special privilege.Key:4132,2023/5/28,Ex.3(1)During this period,children separate themselves from their parents and become independent.(2)Teenagers express their separateness most vividly in their choice of clothes,hairstyles,music,and vocabulary.(3)The teenage years between childhood and adulthood are a period of growth and separation.Key:312,2023/5/28,2.Use an anecdote,Relate an interesting story that will interest the reader in the subject.Newspapers and magazine writers frequently use this technique.,2023/5/28,3.Use a quotation,-Quote an authority on your subject-Use an interesting quotation from an article-Use a proverb-Use a favorite saying of a friend or relative,2023/5/28,4.Ask a question,Ask one or more questions.To engage the readers in the topic right away.They will want to read on in order to find the answers to the questions.,2023/5/28,5.Present facts and statistics,Present some interesting facts or statistics to establish credibility.e.g.Statistics show that.,2023/5/28,Exercise:identify the technique or techniques,One student looks at his neighbors exam paper and quickly copies the answers.Another student finds out the questions on a test before her class takes it and tells her friends.Still another student sneaks a sheet of paper with formulas written on it into the test room.What about you?Would you be tempted to cheat on an exam if you knew you wouldnt get caught?According to a recent national survey,40 percent of American teenagers would cheat under that condition.What is causing the epidemic of cheating in our schools?Most students cheat on tests because they feel pressure to get into a good college,because they want to avoid the hours of studying they need in order to get high grades,or simply because they are not concerned with honesty.Key:anecdote,question,statistics,2023/5/28,Write the thesis Statement,Usually the last sentence of the introductory paragraph.Control the information for an entire essay.-It tells whether the essay is going to discuss causes and effects,reasons,or examples;whether the essay is going to classify,describe,narrate,or explain a process.,2023/5/28,Sample 1:People have always created conveniences to make life easier.One such modern invention is the computer,which has improved many aspects of our lives,especially in the field of education.Because of computer technology,higher education today has three major conveniences:lecture variety,easy research,and time-saving writing.,2023/5/28,Sample 2:Recently there has been growing interest in learning Chinese as a foreign language as China,the ancient oriental country,becomes more powerful and influential in international affairs.And it is certainly worthwhile for foreigners to learn Chinese since it will offer them golden opportunities for personal development as well as an access to the splendid Chinese culture.,2023/5/28,*For the examples above,what aspects of the subject does the essay develop?,2023/5/28,Examples:Are they good thesis statements?,1.I am going to discuss the effects of radiation.only a topicThe effects of radiation are often unpredictable.Arguable,2023/5/28,2.Cows produce milk.only a factThe milk cows produce is not always fit for human consumption.arguable3.There are many advantages and disadvantages to going to college for further studies.not an arguable pointThe advantages to going to college for further studies far outweigh the disadvantages.arguable,2023/5/28,4.Going to college in the Midwest can be fun,and I found that living in a suburb of a large city is the best way to live while at college.more than one ideaGoing to college in the Midwest can be fun.arguable,2023/5/28,What make a good thesis statement,1.The thesis statement is a complete sentence,but is not written as a question.2.The writers opinion is included in the thesis statement,which needs to be explained or proved.3.The thesis statement should be broad enough to generate ideas and details to write about,but narrow enough to keep a focus.*4.One main idea is expressed in the thesis statement.5.The thesis statement helps to organize the essay.,2023/5/28,Exercises,A.Study the following statements carefully and decide if the statement can be a thesis statement or not.,2023/5/28,1)The advantages of majoring in engineering.No2)Why do I want to be a lawyer?No3)The differences between Sichuan and Hunan cuisine.No4)Knowing a foreign language can be beneficial to anyone.Yes,2023/5/28,5)I would like to discuss my views on the Olympic Games.No6)Students should be allowed to manage the bookstore.Yes7)When I first came to the United States,I wasnt used to eating in fast-food places,and I was amazed at the shopping centers.No,2023/5/28,B.Study the following statements,which are not thesis statements.Rewrite each of the sentences to make it a thesis statement.,2023/5/28,1)I am going to explain why I decided to go to college.Revised:Choosing to go to college was a difficult decision.2)The hazards of storing chemical wastes.Revised:Storing chemical wastes can produce many hazards.,2023/5/28,3)I am going to describe my home.Revised:My home town has some interesting sights.4)There are many similarities and differences between life in the country and life in the city.Revised:Differences between life in the country and life in the city far outweigh the similarities.,2023/5/28,Writing practice:Topics for discussion,1.Types of movies(Division)2.Same-sex marriage should/should not be legalized.(Argument)3.The internet revolution(Exposition),2023/5/28,Homework,Go on writing about the same topic and write Introduction in at least 3 sentences and at least 40 words,using the techniques we learn today.Deadline:a week from today,Room 605,