成人零基础补充解释句子成分.ppt

句子成分,主谓宾最重要的三大成分 交代谁做了什么事 形成句子基本结构定状补三大修饰成分 详细地交代发生事情的细节（什么样的）人（在什么时间、什么地点、以什么方式、什么条件、什么状态）给（什么样的）人（一本什么样的）书。,定语什么样的 详细交代名词的样子.的状语说明动作的细节状况.地时间 地点 原因 状态 目的 结果 方式 程度补语 跟在主谓宾后面 补充说明 使别人对事情的细节知道的更详细,主系表 特殊的主谓宾句子表语 对主语进行表达和描述 省略了“是”,我20岁 我很高兴 他很重 他们在美国这部电影很有趣 足球在箱子里,Exemple,他在门前的镜子里看见了自己。这件事发生在去年。这个人看起来很可怕。我马上回来。他十点送你去火车站。吃完晚饭我们要去散步。美丽的夕阳正在西下。,主语 宾语 名词谓语 动词定语 形容词状语 副词 比较复杂的构造:动词 句子,动词 担当六种句子成分吃饭是我们每天要做的事-主语我们每天都吃饭谓语我们每天要做的事是吃饭表语吃饭的时间不同定语她喂她儿子吃饭补语为了吃饭 我们每天都要做饭状语eat/ate/eaten/to eat/eating/,造句先从五大句型中选定一个 造出最基本句子再把定状补三大修饰成分加进去，形成复杂句子。定语 前小后大This is an interesting story book about animals that I bought for my son yesterday.一个 有趣的 故事 关于动物 我昨天为我儿子买的I saw a tall person in black who was about 40 years old.一个 高高的 穿着黑色衣服的 大约40岁的,状语到处能见到工厂和大楼Factories and buildings are seen here and there.You can see factories and buildings here and there.He is sitting there,asking for a computer.If I am not busy tomorrow,I will go shopping with you.I talk with him patiently.我耐心地和他谈话I tell them the truth directly.我直接告诉他们真相,补语 定语（名词）状语（动词）他们祝我生日快乐我们看见他在演奏音乐我感觉到房子在摇晃他问那个人为什么来这里我给他打了三次电话很高兴你今天来这里我肯定他不会来这个问题很难解决,状语 在解释一个动词的8个方面时间 地点 原因 状态 目的 结果 方式 程度补语 对整个句子的补充 说不清在解释哪个固定的词,主语从句你所需要的是更多的阅读。What need reading moreWhat you need is more reading.她不可能来这里。that it come impossible is she will here It is impossible that she will come here.他们什么时候能出国仍然是个问题。when go abroad still problemWhen they can go abroad is still a problem.他是否会去上班还不清楚。whether clear Whether he will go to work is not clear.,宾语从句告诉我你想要什么。what want tell Tell me what you want.我不知道这个句子是否正确。whether/if sentence rightI dont know whether this sentence is right.他说他正考虑把办公室从广州搬到深圳去。That think of He said he was thinking of moving the office from GZ to SZ.,表语从句麻烦的事是我把他的电话号码弄丢了。that trouble lost The trouble is that I lost his telephone number.看起来她是对的。seem it that It seems that she is right.,定语从句 The man is my father.The man wears sunglasses。The man who wears sunglasses is my father。带太阳镜的那个人是我的父亲 跟我讲话的那个女孩是我表妹。who speak cousinThe girl who/that I spoke to is my cousin.I live in the house.The house stands on the hill.I live in the house which standas on the hill.我住在那幢坐落在山丘上的房子里。我喜欢这栋由吴先生设计的大楼。design I like the building which/that was designed by Mr.wu.正在弹吉他的那个男孩是吉米。guitar The boy that is playing the guitar is Jimmy 我认识一位父亲是新闻记者的女孩。Journalist whose know a girl whose father is a journalist.,他画了一只正在椅子上睡觉的猫。He drew a cat(which is)sleeping on the chair.这是一扇被Tom 打破的窗户。This is the window broken by Tom.,状语从句我们到的时候正在下雨。when arrive rainWhen we arrived，it was raining.我一看见他就会告诉他。as soon as I will tell him as soon as I see him.我会站在（我）能清楚看到你的地方。where clearlyI will stand where I can see you clearly.不管在哪里我都会想念我的妈妈。wherever will be missWherever I am I will be missing you.虽然很累，但我们还是会努力完成工作。though tired try toWe will try to finish the work though we are tired.为了挣很多钱，她努力工作。so that/earn a lot She worked hard so that she could earn a lot 如果他邀请我 我就去。if invite I wil go if he invites me.,先行词和关系词的关系,A plane is a machine that can fly.The boy who broke the window is called Tom.The boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather.The school where I study is far from my home.,the machine=that,the boy=who,the boys=whose,in the school=where,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词 whose 实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.,关系代词的实质,the machine,a machine,Join the following sentences:A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.,关系代词的实质,a machine,that/which,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的实质,Join the following sentences:The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.we saw yesterday is Mary.,her,The girl,关系代词的用法练习,1.The eggs were not fresh.I bought them yesterday.2.The friend was not hungry.He came to supper last night.3.He prefers the cheese.It comes from his parents farm.4.The noodles were delicious.You cooked them.5.I dont like the people.They smoke a lot.,The eggs(that/which)I bought them were not fresh.,The friend who/that he came to supper last night was not hungry.,He prefers the cheese that/which it comes from his parents farm.,The noodles(which/that)you cooked them were delicious.,I dont like the people that/who they smoke a lot.,there be句型,有.there is a computer on the table.there are some butter on the plate.there are many children in the amusement park.there are a cell phone on the ground.there are chairs on the room.,句子种类,1.陈述句这个女士很善良。lady kind他可能在家。at home我希望你快乐。hope happy2.祈使句 命令 请求 劝告 省略主语you 谓语用动词原形 请坐 关门 开灯 3感叹句 how+adj/adj+（主+谓）！what+a/an+adj.+n.!多漂亮的女孩啊！how 多可爱的一只狗啊！what,疑问句,What1)Whats this/that?2)Whats your name?3)What are you doing?4)What do you like/need?5)What did you do?6)What is his job?7)What do you usually do at the weekends?8)What are you going to do?9)What colour is it?10)Whats the weather like?11)What time is it?Whats the time?12)What day is it?Whats the date?13)What would you like?14)What can you see?,“Wh”的疑问句,2.How 1)How are you?2)How old are you?3)How do we go to the park?4)How many apples can you see?5)How much are they?6)How about?7)How do you spend your weekends?8)How far?How long?How often?9）How tall are you?10）How high is the moutain?,3.Who Who is that?Whos that boy in/with?,“Wh”的疑问句,4.Whose 1)Whose is this bike?2)Whose bike is this?3)Whose bag is bigger,yours or mine?,5.Which 1)Which one?2)Which is longer,yours or mine?3)Which season do you like best?,6.Where 1)Where is the book?2)Where are you from?,7.Why1)Why do you come here?2)Why not go swimming together?,1.Thats my fathers bike._ _ is that?2.This sign tells us that we cant fish here._ _ this sign tell us?3.Jack did well in maths.4.Its cloudy today.5.My mother is over 40 years old.6.I usually take No.4 bus to work.7.We have a meeting once a week.8.They are on the lake.9.We will meet at six oclock._ _ will you meet?,Whose bike,What does,How did Jack do in maths?,Whats the weather like today?,How old is your mother?,Which bus do you usually take to work?,How often do you have a meeting?,Practise,Where are they?,What time,词类转换,一个词类常可能转换为另一词类：1.某些动词可以转换为名词：Try the shirt on.穿上这件衬衫试试（v.)Let me have a try我来试一试。（n.)Look at me.瞧着我。（v.)Let me have a look我来瞧瞧。（n.),2.某些名词也可转换为动词:Open your books.打开你的书。（n.)Have you booked your ticket?你订票了吗？(v.)Have a seat.请坐。（n.)The hall seats 500(people).大厅可以坐500 人。（v.)3.某些形容词可以转换为动词：You are too slow.你太慢了。（adj.)The train has slowed down.火车慢下来了。（v.)Its warm in spring.春天天气暖和。（adj.)They warmed their hands over the fire.他们在炉火上烤手。(v.),4.也有些形容词可转换为名词：He is my dear friend.他是我亲密的朋友。（adj.)Shes a dear.她是一个招人喜欢的人。（n.)Prices here are very low.这里的物价很低。（adj.)Profits have reached a new low.利润降到了最低点。（n.)5.有些词用作其他词类时重音会发生变化：Everybody present prezn t welcome the decision.所有在场的人都欢迎这个决定。The National Theatre is presenting prizenti a new production of Hamlet.国家剧场正在上演新的哈姆雷特。,说明粗体词的词类 1.Can you swim?We stopped there for a swim.2.What did he say？We have no say in this matter.发言权 3.Put it in your pocket.。He pocketed the money.,1.In Britain _ are all painted red.A.letter boxes B.letters boxes C.letter box D.letters box2.There are_ birds in that big tree.A.hundreds of B.five hundreds ofC.five hundred of D.hundred of3.There_two_in the box.A.is watch B.are watches C.are watch D.is watches4.We should clean_twice a day.A.our tooth B.our tooths C.their teeth D.our teeth5.这个老人想要六箱苹果。The old man wants six boxes of apples.,Practise,写出下列名词的复数形式1.orange 2.class 3.text 4.monkey 5.piano 6.child 7.shelf 8.bed 9.country 10.family 11.toy 12.foot 13.Japanese 14.radio 15.photo 16.army 17.tomato 18.fox 19.woman 20.knife 22.sheep,1.Shanghai is _than Beijing.It is _ city in our country.(large)2.Bill isnt as _ as Mike.Tom is _ than Mike.Who is _ of the three boys?(old)3.Mary draws as _ as Bill,and she is much _ than him at singing.(well,good)4.Spring is coming.The weather is getting _ and _.(warm)5.Tom,Jon and I bought a computer each last week.Johns computer is much _ than Toms and mine.It is _ of the three.(expensive)6.It is a little _ today than yesterday.(wet)7.Mrs Brown is much _ than she was two years ago.(healthy)8.Which do you like _,basketball,volleyball,or football?(well),larger,the largest,old,older,the oldest,well,better,warmer,warmer,more expensive,the most expensive,wetter,healthier,best,Practise,1There _ no tea in the cup Ais Bare Chas Dbe 2There is some _on the plate AappleBbreadCbananaDsandwich 4There _ some paper and a pen on the desk Ais Bare Chave Dhas 5Theres going to _ in tomorrows newspapers Ahave something new Bhave new something Cbe something new Dbe new something 6There is some milk in the bottle，_？Aisnt thereBarent thereCisnt itD.are there 8There is _ old woman in the car A Ba Cthe Dan 14 _ any flowers on both sides of the street？AIs there BAre there CHas DHave,A,B,A,C,A,D,B,1._ will leave for Beijing.A.Now there the man B.The man here nowC.The man who is here now D.The man is here now 2.The weather _.A.wet and cold B.is wet and coldC.not wet and cold D.were wet and cold3.The apple tasted _.A.sweets B.sweetly C.nicely D.sweet4.He got up _ yesterday morning.A.lately B.late C.latest D.latter5.He found the street much _.A.crowd B.crowding C.crowded D.crowdedly6.The dog _ mad.A.looks B.is looked C.is being looked D.was looked,C,B,D,A,C,A,Be动词,用am/is/are和was/were 填空。I _at home.You _at home.He_at home.They_at home.My friends_at home.John and Abby_at home.,are were,are were,are were,is was,are were,am was,1.This car _ made in Shanghai.A.is B.are C.were D.has2.The window _by the naughty boy yesterday.A.breaksB.broke C.is brokenD.was broken.3.The food and medicine must _ at a low temperature.A.keepB.be keptC.keepingD.kept4.The Olympic Games _ every four years.A.hold B.are held C.is taken place D.takes place5.New laws _ to fight pollution.A.will be made B.will make C.is madeD.have made6.This bridge _ ten years ago,but it still looks magnificent.A.was builtB.is builtC.built D.builds 7.The thieves _ by the policemen yesterday afternoon.A.caughtB.are caught C.were caughtD.had caught,1.Its important _ and helpful.A.to kind B.be kind C.kind D.to be kind2.Mr and Mrs Brown want _ in China.A.workingB.work C.to work D.works3.Jim asked Ling Feng _ change her water.A.didnt forget to B.isnt forget to C.not to forget to D.not forget to4.Mother told Tom _ on the wall.A.dont draw B.didnt draw C.not draw D.not to draw5.I am busy now.Ill have an important meeting _.A.to attendB.will attendC.attending D.attended6.Ive got nothing _ today.Lets go to the park.A.doing B.to doC.did D.do7.The place is easy_.A.to reach B.reaching C.reach D.reached,句子成分,词类,主语谓语宾语表语补语定语状语同位语,基本句型修饰成分,句子种类,按功能按结构,简单句 并列句 复合句,陈述句 疑问句 祈使句 感叹句,名词动词代词冠词形容词副词数词感叹词,普通名词（个体 集合 物质 抽象）专有名词,实义动词（及物 不及物）系动词助动词情态动词,人称代词反身代词指示代词疑问代词不定代词相互代词关系代词,定冠词不定冠词零冠词,比较级 最高级,方式副词频率副词地方副词时间副词程度副词,翻译,我早上6点醒来。wake up 我没有时间。我真不敢相信他已经犯了三次相同的错误.that make mistake我依然记得我来这里的那一天。这是我去年过的房子。人们喜欢旅游的原因有很多。我不喜欢你说话的方式。,I wake up at 6 in the morning.,I have no time.,I can t believe that he has made the same mistake three times.,I still remember the day when I came here.,This is the house where I lived last year.,There are many reasons why people like traveling.,I dont like the way that you speak.,对我们而言保护环境是重要的。its+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.important protect environmentIt is important for us to protect the environment.你知道它怎么用吗？Do you know how to use it?你知不知道现在几点了？Do you know what time it is?他想知道谁今天值班。He wants to know who is on duty today.他知道今天值班的那个女人是谁/他认识今天值班的那个女人。He knows the woman who is on duty today.他住在哪儿？Where does he live?我不知道他住在哪。I dont know where he lives.我们搬去了巴黎，我爸爸在巴黎住过/我们搬去了我爸爸曾住过的巴黎。We moved to Paris where my father had lived.他有足够的收入可以养你。income supportHe has enough income to support you.,都市中空气污染的问题已经变得越来越严重。The problem of air pollution in cities has become more and more serious.我不知道她结婚了没有/她是否结婚了。I dont know whether she is married(or not).,