初中英语现在完成时讲解全.ppt

现在完成时,现在完成时的含义1.表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响。,I saw a movie.I have seen the movie.Have you ever been there?(八下Unit9)I have never been camping.1.表示动作发生在过去，对现在造成的影响,结构：have/has+过去分词（对have/has)进行变换 have/has not+过去分词（havent hasnt)Have/Has+主语+过去分词(Yes,have/has.No,havent/hasnt)特殊疑问词+have/has+主语+过去分词Have you finished your homework?I have finished my homework.What have you finished?I havent finished my homework,标志词：already yet justalready 用于肯定句中,已经:I have already had lunch.Yet 用于否定句 疑问句末Just:刚刚 Have you had lunch_?I have _ had lunch I havent had lunch _.I have just had my lunch.,还,已经,总结：现在完成时含义 1:_结构：肯 _ 否_ 一般疑问 _ 特殊疑问_标志词|:_,2.一个动作从过去开始持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。过去时：动作过去已经结束。He has taught in our school for five years.I have worked since last week.,第二层含义的标志词：和for 和since 连用 for+时间段（持续）since（自从）+时间点I have studied English for ten years.=I have studied English since ten years ago.注意：完成时不能单独和时间状语(two hours,three days,last week,four hours ago)连用，必须加上for,since.,填空使用for和since,I have been here_half past three.The car has been here _yeaterday.I have been in Only_four years.The boy has been in our class_six week.She has lived here _1996.,2 标准词：so far/up to now(到目前为止）;lately/recently(最近）Up to now/So far,I havent been successful.Lately/Recently,I havent seen my teacher.,总结,I lived in Wuwei ten years ago.I have lived in Wuwei for ten years.I have lived in Wuwei since ten years ago.I studied English ten years ago.I have studied English for ten years I have studied English since ten years ago.,判断正误,I bought the book five days ago.I have bought the book.I have bought the book for five days.I have had the book for five days.I have had the book since five days ago.Tips:buy 这个动作 从“开始发生”到“结束/终止”,几乎同时或在极短的时间里（如几秒钟/几分钟内）就完成了“开始结束”的过程，这样的动词我们叫做短暂性动词。所以，“我买了这块手表5年了”，在汉语中说的通，但英语中就必须用相应的延续性动词来替换。,现在完成时中常见的非延续性动词非延续性动词：buy borrow die leave begin/start come/go finish 这些动词不能和 for.Since连用 与for和since连用时，要把它们变成相应的延续性动词-（buy买了）had（borrow借了）keep（start/begin开始 了）be on（leave离开了）be away(from)（come来到某地.）be here/介词+地点（go去某地.）be there/介词+地点（die 死了）be dead(finish结束.)be over,for since.,1.我买这本书三年了。Buy I have bought the book.(1)I have had the book for 3 years.(2)I have had the book since 3 years ago.2.他借这本书两个月了borrow He has borrow the book.(1）He has kept the book for 2 months.(2)He has kept the book since 2 months ago.3.李梅离开济南一年了.leave LiMei has left Jinan(1)Li Mei has been away from Jinan for one year.(2)Li Mei has been away from Jinan since 1 year ago.,He died 10 years ago.-He _ _ _ for 10 years/since 10 years ago.2.He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago.-He _ _ the book for 2 weeks.3.He bought the motorbike a month ago.-He _ _ the motorbike for a month.4.He arrived here three days ago.-He _ _ here since three days ago.5.They turned off the light 2 hours ago.-The light _ _ _ for 2 hours.6.He left here 2 years ago.-He _ _ _ from here for 2 years.7.The film began 30 minutes ago.-The film _ _ _ for 30 minutes.8.They opened the door an hour ago.-The door _ _ _ for an hour.9.They closed the door an hour ago.-The door _ _ _ for an hour.10.He joined the army last year.-He _ _ a _ for a year.-He _ _ _ the army for a year.-It _ a year _ he joined the army.,延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化,Exercise,Tom _for several hours.A.went to bed B.has been in bed C.has gone to bed D.has been to bed2.How long have you_this city?A.been to B.been in C.come to D.gone to 3.My aunt _the TV for 4 months.A.has bought B.was bought C.was had D.has had4.Mr Brown _the car for 3 months.A.bought B.had bought C.has had D.buys5.The old man _for two days.A.has died B.has been dead C.died D.dies,6.My sister has_ for 8 years.A.become a driver B.left the city C.arrived in the city D.lived here7.How long have you_?A.joined the team B.become a team leader C.been in the team D.left the team8.You are late.The film _for 10 minutes.A.has begun B.has been on C.has finished D.has started9.How long has she _the newspaper?A.borrow B.lend C.kept D.buy,