英文版现在进行时用法详解.ppt
Simple Present Tense现 在 进 行 时,How do we make simple present tense（构成）,subject+auxiliary verb+main verb主语+情态动词+主动词 do baseFor positive sentences,we do not normally use the auxiliary.For the 3rd person singular(he,she,it),we add s to the main verb or es to the auxiliary.(does)If the verb ends in-ss,-sh,-ch,-x or-o,add-es to the base form:kiss-kisses,finish-finishes,watch-watches,mix-mixes,go goes If the verb ends in consonant+y change y to i and add-es:study-studies,copy-copies,try-tries,carry-carries For the verb to be,we do not use an auxiliary,even for questions and negatives.(see table 2)Auxiliary verbs do,have,which can also be used as main verbs,to do to haveI/you/we/they do I/you/we/they havehe/she/it does he/she/it has,Look at these examples with the main verb like:,Look at these examples with the main verb be.Notice that there is no auxiliary:,When do we use simple present tense（何时使用）,Facts,generalizations and universal truths（事实，结论，普遍真理）Habits and routines（习惯和日常活动）Permanent situations（不变的情况）Events that are certain to happen（一定要发生的事件）Arrangements that we cant change(e.g.timetables,official meetings)（不能改变的安排）State verbs(e.g.be,have,suppose,know)（静态动词）Narrations,instructions or commentaries（叙述，说明或评论解说）,Use 1:Facts,Generalizations and Univeral TruthsWe use the Present Simple to talk about universal truths(for example,laws of nature)or things we believe are,or are not,true.Its also used to generalize about something or somebody.Water boils at 100 degrees Celcius.Universal Truth It is a big house.Fact The Earth goes around the Sun.Universal Truth,Fact Dogs are better than cats.Generalization The Elephant doesnt fly.Fact London is the capital city of France.Fact(Remember:the sentence does not have to be true),Use 2:Habits and RoutinesWe also use this tense to describe actions that happen frequently.For example:habits,routines.We leave for work at 7:30 AM every morning.Routine My husband watches the TV in the evening.Habit,Routine Susan often meets with her friends after school.Habit,Routine They usually play football on Sunday.Habit,Routine,Adverbs of Frequency The Present Simple is oftenused with the frequency adverbs:always frequently/often usually seldom/rarely nowadays never every week/year sometimes/occasionally from time to time every now and then A few examples how to use them in sentences:I always go to church on Sundays.I never eat anything after 10 PM.,Use 3:Pernament SituationsUse the Present Simple to talk about situations in life that last a relatively long time.I live in Boston He works as a fireman.Margaret drives a Volkswagen.Jerry doesnt teach maths at highschool.,Use 4:Events Certain to HappenUse the Present Simple when an event is certain to happen in the future.My grandmother turns 100 this July.Winter starts on December 21.,Use 5:Future ArrangementsUse the Present Simple to talk about events that we cant change(for example,an official meeting or a train departure).The meeting starts at 4 PM.The train leaves at the noon.When does the plane take off?Jerry doesnt teach maths at high school.,Use 6:Narrations,Instructions or commentariesThe Present Simple is also used in narrations(e.g.to tell astory or a joke),instructions(e.g.cooking)or commentaries(especially sport commentaries).A man goes to visit a friend and is amazed to find him playing chess with his dog.He watches the game in astonishment for a while.,
