英语六大基本句型结构.ppt
英语中常用的基本句型,英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成六种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这六种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：+（主谓）基本句型二：+（主系表）基本句型三：+（主谓宾）基本句型四：+IO+（主谓间宾直 宾）基本句型五：+（主谓宾宾补）基本句型六：There be 句式,基本句型 一+（主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,常用不及物动词有:appear(出现),apologize(道歉),arrive,agree,arise(发生),belong(属于),come,die,disappear(消失),exist(存在),fall,go,happen,hurry,listen,look,occur(发生),rise(升起),sit,sail(航行),succeed 词组有:take place,run out,break out,基本句型 二+（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。,基本句型 三+（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。,基本句型 四+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者(一般指物)，另一个是动作的间接承受者(通常指人)。eg:give sb.sth.give sth.to sb.make sb.sth.make sth.for sb.,可以带双宾语的动词：买卖关系：buy pay cost 给予关系：give grant pass offer bring send借还关系：lend return owe 说服关系：tell persuade其他关系：wish name make call,基本句型 五+（主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。,基本句型 六 There be 句式,构成：There be.句型表示“某处有（存在）某人或某事物”，其结构为 There be(is are was were)+名词+地点状语There are fifty-two students in our class.There is a pencil in my pencil-case.,一、There be 结构中的主谓一致,1.There be句型中be动词的形式要和其后的主语在人称和数上保持一致。如果句子的主语是单数的可数名词，或是不可数名词，be动词用“is”“was”。例如：,There is a basketball in the box.There is a little milk in the glass.,如果句子的主语是复数名词，be动词就用“are”“were”。例如,There were many people in the street yesterday.,如果有两个或两个以上的名词作主语，be动词要和最靠近它的那个主语在数上保持一致，也就是我们常说的“就近原则”。例如:,There is an orange and some bananas in the basket.There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf.,2.There与be中间可插入一些表推测的情态动词、表时态的短语和一些动词短语(如和将来时be going to will、现在完成时 havehas+pp.、used to结构等连用.,There must be a pen in the box.There is going to be a meeting tonight.There has been a big tree on the top of the hill.There used to be a hospital there before the war.,There be句型和havehas的区别：,There be句型表示“存在有”,havehas表示“拥有”“所有”,两者不能同时使用.例如：桌子上有三本书.There are three books on the desk.我有三本书.I have three books.,1.They work hard.主+谓2.The flower is dead.主+系+表3.Plants need water.主+谓+宾4.He gives me some seeds.主+谓+直宾+简宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主+谓+宾+宾补6.His face turned red.主+系+表,7.There was a lot of news about Zhang Ziyi on TV last night.There be 句式8.She seems kind.主+系+表9.We found her in tears.主+谓+宾+宾补10.I assure you that this medicine will help you.主+谓+间宾+直宾11.He has refused to help them.主+谓+宾,12.They encouraged her to try again.主+谓+宾+宾补13.He admits that he was mistaken.主+谓+宾14.The pen writes smoothly.主+谓+状15.The dinner smells good.主+系+表,5 Analyze the following sentences to see which pattern they belong to.,1)Both men speak loudly and clearly.2)An introduction usually includes a greeting and a handshake.3)My e-mail address is.4)They will just wave goodbye to the whole group.5)Our department head will give a dinner to welcome you.6)You could simply call me Wang.7)In her bag there is a passport and a pen.,There be句式,主+谓+状,主+谓+宾,主+系+表,主+谓+直宾+间宾,主+谓+宾+状,主+谓+宾+宾补,Back,Write and Apply Rules,Write and Correct Mistakes,6 Correct the errors in the following sentences.,The manager for them prepares some beautiful gifts.2)Could you tell to me something about their cultural background?3)Mr.Wang has left in their mind a deep impression.4)Do they always wave to you goodbye in an informal way?5)There are always some people talk happily in the park.,The manager prepares some beautiful gifts for them.Could you tell me something about their cultural background?Mr.Wang has left a deep impression upon their minds.Do they always wave goodbye to you in an informal way?/Do they always wave you goodbye in an informal way?There are always some people talking happily in the park.,6)There has some water in the glass.7)On the door has a big red Chinese word“Happiness”.8)The girl looked the small animal with pleasure.9)He gave to her some lovely flowers.10)The streets always have many cars run nowadays.,There is some water in the glass.On the door there is a big red Chinese word“Happiness”./There is a big red Chinese word“Happiness”on the door./On the door is a big red Chinese word“Happiness”.The girl looked at the small animal with pleasure.He gave her some lovely flowers./He gave some lovely flowers to her.There are always many cars running in the streets nowadays.,Back,We often prepare some Chinese food for our foreign friends.Can you give me some help?/Can you do me a favor?Lets reserve for him a quiet room in the hotel.Li Li teaches Mr.Green Chinese every morning.Please call me David.Do you often send e-mails to your parents?There are quite a few new words in this text.,7 Translate the following sentences into English.,Write and Translate,我们经常为我们的外国朋友准备一些中国食品。2)你能给我帮个忙吗？3)我们替他在这个旅馆预订一个比较安静的房间吧。4)李丽每天早晨教格林先生学习中文。5)请叫我大卫好了。6)你经常给父母发电子邮件吗？7)这篇课文中有不少生词。,Back,
