有机化学(第四版)汪小兰课后题答案.ppt

SP 杂化,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案,第一章,绪论,1.1,1.2,NaCl 与 KBr 各 1mol 与 NaBr 及 KCl 各 1mol 溶于水中所得溶液相同。因为两者溶液,由于 CH4 与 CCl4 及 CHCl3 与 CH3Cl 在水中是以分子状态存在，所以是两组不同的混合物。1.3,C,+6,2,4,H,+1,1,CH4,3,H,H,H,C,y,z,x,2py,x,y,z,2pz,x,y,z,2px,1s 2s 2p 2p 2pyx,z2sCH4 中 C 中有4个电子与氢成键 为 SP3 杂化轨道,正四面体结构H,CH,1.4,a.,H C C HH H,H,CH,或 H CH,b.,HH C ClH,c.,H N HH,d.,H S H,e.,H O N,OO,f.,OH C H,g.,H,H Hh.H C C HH H,OH O P O HO,H,OH O P O H 或O,i.,H C C H,j.,O,OH O S O H,O,OH O S O H,或,1.5,b.,Cl,C,Cl,H,H,c.,H,Br,H,C,d.Cl,ClCl,e.,H3C,O,H,H3C,O,CH3,f.,1.6,电负性 O S,H2O 与 H2S 相比，H2O 有较强的偶极作用及氢键。-1-,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案,第二章,饱和脂肪烃,2.1,a.,2,4,4三甲基正丁基壬烷,butyl2,4,4trimethylnonane,b.正,己,烷,hexane,c.,3,3二乙基戊烷,3,3diethylpentane,d.,3甲基,异丙基辛烷,isopropyl3methyloctane e.甲基丙烷（异丁烷）,methylpropane(iso-butane),f.2,2二甲基丙烷（新戊烷）2,2dimethylpropane,(neopentane),g.,3甲基戊烷,methylpentane,h.,甲基乙基庚,烷,5ethyl2methylheptane,2.2,a=b=d=e,为 2,3,5三甲基己烷,c=f,为 2,3,4,5四甲基己烷,2.3,a.,错，应为 2,2二甲基丁烷,C,b.,c.,d.,f.,e.错，应为 2,3,5三甲基庚烷,错，应为 2,3,3三甲基戊烷h.,2.5,g.cbead,2.6,3 种,1,2,3,Cl,Cl,Cl,a 是共同的,2.72.8,BrBrHH,HH,A,B,BrH,BrH,HH,C,BrHHBr,HH,D,BrBr,HH,HH,2.10这个化合物为,2.11,稳定性,cab,第三章,不饱和脂肪烃,3.1,用系统命名法命名下列化合物,a.,2乙基丁烯,ethyl1butene,b.,2丙基己烯,propyl1hexene,c.,3,5二甲基庚烯,3,5dimethyl3heptene,d.,2,5二甲基己烯,2,5dimethyl2hexene,3.2-2-,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案,a.,b.错，应为1丁烯,c.,d.,e.,f.,错，应为2,3二甲基戊烯,g.,h.3.4,错，应为2甲基3乙基己烯下列烯烃哪个有顺、反异构？写出顺、反异构体的构型，并命名。,答案：c,d,e,f 有顺反异构,C,c.C2H5H,C,CH2IH,(Z)1碘2戊烯(E)1碘2戊烯,C,C,CH2IH,HC2H5,d.,C,C,CH(CH3)2H,H3CH,C,C,HCH(CH3)2,H3CH,(Z)4甲基2戊烯(E)4甲基2戊烯,e.,C,C,HCH,(Z)1,3戊二烯,HH3C,CH2,C,C,HCH,(E)1,3戊二烯,H3CH,CH2,f.,C,HC,(2Z,4Z)2,4庚二烯,HH3C,C,CH,C2H5H,C,HC,HH3C,C,CH,HC2H5,(2Z,4E)2,4庚二烯,C,HC,H3CH,C,CH,HC2H5,(2E,4E)2,4庚二烯,C,HC,(2E,4Z)2,4庚二烯,H3CH,C,CH,C2H5H,3.5,完成下列反应式，写出产物或所需试剂,a.,CH3CH2CH=CH2,H2SO4,CH3CH2CH CH3,OSO2OH,b.,(CH3)2C=CHCH3,HBr,(CH3)2C-CH2CH3,Br,c.d.,CH3CH2CH=CH2CH3CH2CH=CH2,CH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH-CH3,OH,e.,+CH3CH2CHO,f.,CH2=CHCH2OH,Cl2/H2O,ClCH2CH-CH2OH,1).BH32).H2O2,OHH2O/H+,1).O3(CH3)2C=CHCH2CH3 2).Zn,H2O CH3COCH3,OH3.6,1己烯正己烷,Br2/CCl4or KMnO4,无反应褪色,正己烷1己烯,3.7-3-,H,H,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案,CH2=CHCH2CH3,CH3CH=CHCH3或,3.8,将下列碳正离子按稳定性由大至小排列：,CH3,CH3 CH3H3C C CH+,+,CH3,CH3H3C C CHCH3,CH3H3C CCH3,+CH2 CH2,3.9 写出下列反应的转化过程：,C=CHCH2CH2CH2CH=C,H3CH3C,+,CH3CH3,H3CH3C,CH3CH3,+C-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH=C,+,+H,_,3.10,or,3.11,a.,4甲基己炔,methyl2hexyne,b.,2,2,7,7四甲基3,5,辛二炔,2,2,7,7tetramethyl3,5octadiyne,CH,C,d.,c.,3.13,a.,Lindlarcat,H2C CH2,b.,HC CH,Ni/H2,CH3CH3,c.,HC CH,+H2O,H2SO4HgSO4,CH3CHO,d.,HC CH+HCl,HgCl2,CH2=CHCl,e.,H3CC CH,HgBr2HBr,CH3C=CH2,Br,HBr,Br,BrCH3-C CH3,f.,H3CC CH+,Br2,CH3C=CHBr,Br,g.,H3CC CH+H2O,H2SO4HgSO4,CH3COCH3,HC CH+H2,Lindlarcat,H3CC CH+H2,h.,H3CC CH,+,HBr,HgBr2,CH3C=CH2,Br,i.,CH3CH=CH2,HBr,(CH3)2CHBr,3.14-4-,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案,-5-,正庚烷,1,4庚二烯,Ag(NH3)2,+,灰白色,1庚炔,Br2/CCl4,褪色,1,4庚二烯,a.,b.,1庚炔2甲基戊烷2己炔,1己炔,Ag(NH3)2,+,无反应灰白色,无反应,正庚烷1,4庚二烯1己炔,无反应褪色,无反应,正庚烷2己炔,2甲基戊烷 Br2/CCl42己炔,2甲基戊烷,a.,CH3CH2CH2C CH,HCl(过量),CH3CH2CH2C,3.15Cl,CH3,b.,CH3CH2C CCH3+KMnO4,H+,ClCH3CH2COOH,+CH3COOH,H2SO4HgSO4,c.,CH3CH2C CCH3+,H2O,CH3CH2CH2COCH3,+CH3CH2COCH2CH3,d.,CH2=CHCH=CH2,+,CH2=CHCHO,CHO,e.,CH3CH2C CH,+,HCN,CH3CH2C=CH2,CN3.16CH3CHCH2C CHH3C,3.17,A,H3CCH2CH2CH2C CH,B,CH3CH=CHCH=CHCH3,3.18,CH2=CHCH=CH2,HBr,CH3CH CH=CH2,Br,+,CH3CH=CHCH2Br,CH2=CHCH=CH2,2HBr,CH3CHBr,CH CH3+Br,CH3CHBr,CH2 CH2Br,CH2=CHCH2CH=CH2,HBr,CH3CH,CH2CH=CH2,CH2=CHCH2CH=CH2,2HBr,BrCH3CH,CH2,CH CH3,Br第四章,Br环烃,4.1,C5H10,不饱和度=1,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案,-6-,a.b.,c.,d.,环戊烷1甲基环丁烷,顺1,2二甲基环丙烷,cyclopentane1methylcyclobutane,cis1,2dimethylcyclopropane,反1,2二甲基环丙烷 trans1,2dimethyllcyclopropane,e.f.,1,1二甲基环丙烷乙基环丙烷,1,1dimethylcyclopropaneethylcyclopropane,4.3,a.1,1二氯环庚烷,1,1dichlorocycloheptane,b.2,6二甲基萘,2,6,dimethylnaphthalene,c.,1甲基异丙基1,4环己二烯,1isopropyl4,methyl1,4cyclohexadiene,d.,对异丙基甲苯,pisopropyltoluene,e.,chlorobenzenesulfonic acid,f.,氯苯磺酸CH3Cl,g.,CH3,CH3,h.,2chloro4nitrotoluene,cis1,3dimethylcyclopentane,4.4,a.,HBr,NO22,3dimethyl1phenyl1pentene完成下列反应：CH3CH3,Br,b.,+,Cl2,高温,Cl,c.,+,Cl2,Cl,Cl,Cl,Cl,+,d.,CH2CH3,+Br2,FeBr3,Br,C2H5+,Br,C2H5,e.,CH(CH3)2,+,Cl2,高温,C(CH3)2,Cl,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案,f.,CH3,O3,Znpowder,H2O,CHO,O,g.,CH3,H2SO4H2O,CH3OH,AlCl3,h.i.,+CH3,CH2Cl2+HNO3,CH2CH3,NO2,+,CH3,NO2,j.,+KMnO4,H,+,COOH,k.,CH=CH2,+,Cl2,CH2Cl,CHCl,4.5,2,1.4.6,CH3,CH3,CH3,CH3,+,Br2,FeBr3,CH3,CH3,CH3,CH3,+,BrBr,+,Br2,FeBr3,CH3,CH3,+CH3,BrCH3,+,Br2,FeBr3,BrCH3CH3,CH3CH3,Br,4.7,b,d 有芳香性,4.8-7-,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案,a.,BC,A 1,3环己二烯,苯1己炔,Ag(NH3)2+,C,灰白色,无反应,A Br2/CCl4B,无反应褪色,B,A,b.,AB,环丙烷丙烯,KMnO4,无反应褪色,AB,4.9,a.,b.,c.,e.,f.,Cl,COOH,NHCOCH3,CH3NO2,COCH3,OCH3,d.4.10,NO2,Br,a.b.,Br2FeBr3HNO3H2SO4,BrNO2,HNO3H2SO4Br2FeBr3,Br,O2N,c.,CH3,2 Cl2FeCl3,CH3,Cl,Cl,d.,CH3,+,Cl2,FeCl3,CH3,Cl,KMnO 4,COOH,Cl,e.,CH3,KMnO 4,COOH,Cl2FeCl3,COOHCl-8-,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案,-9-,f.,HNO3H2SO4,NO2,CH3,H3C,2Br2FeBr 3,Br,CH3,Br,g.,Br2,FeBr 3,CH3,CH3,Br,KMnO4,COOH,Br,HNO3,H2SO4,NO2COOH,Br,NO2,4.11,可能为,or,or,or,or,oror,即环辛烯及环烯双键碳上含非支链取代基的分子式为 C8H14O2 的各种异构体，例如以上各种异构体。4.12,H3C,C2H5,4.13,Br,Br,A.,4.14,A.,Br,Cl,Br,Br,Br,Cl,Br,Br,Cl,B,C,D,4.15,Cl将下列结构改写为键线式。,a.,b.,c.,d.,e.,O,OO,H,or,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案,第五章,旋光异构,5.4,a.,CH2,CH2CH2CH3,OH,Br,H,CH2OHBr,HH,BrBr,CH2CH3(R)COOH,Br,CH2OHH,b.,COOH,HOOCCH CHBrBr,COOH(meso-),CH2CH3(S)COOH,HBr,BrH,COOH,COOH(2R,3R),BrH,HBr,COOH(2S,3S),c.,COOH,H3CCH CHBr Br,HH,COOHBrBr,BrBr,COOHHH,HBr,COOHBrH,COOH(2R,3S),COOH(2S,3S),CH3(2R,3R),BrH,COOHHBr,d.,CH3C=CHCOOHCH3,CH3(2S,3R)(无),5.6,COOH,H,CH3,CH2CH3(R),COOH,H3C,H,CH2CH3(S),C5H10O2,5.7,=1,C6H12,A,*CH2=CHCHCH2CH3CH3,B,CH3CH2CHCH2CH3CH3,5.10,(I),H,COOHOH,CH3(R),纸面上旋转 90,o,OH,HOOC,CH3,H(S),离开纸面旋转,COOH,HO,H,CH3(S)-10-,(对映异构),(对映异构),H,CN,OH,OH,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案,第六章,卤代烃,6.1,CH3,Bra.CH3CH-CHCH3,b.,CH3H3C C,CH3,CH2I,c.,Br,d.,Cl,e.,Cl,Cl,f.,2碘丙烷,iodopropane,g.,三氯甲烷 trichloromethane or Chloroform,h.,1,2二氯乙烷,1,2dichloroethane,i.,氯丙烯,chloro1,propene,j.,1氯丙烯,chloro1propene,6.4,写出下列反应的主要产物，或必要溶剂或试剂,a.,C6H5CH2Cl,MgEt2O,C6H5CH2MgCl,CO2,C6H5CH2COOMgCl,+H2O,C6H5CH2COOH,b.,CH2=CHCH2Br,+,NaOC 2H5,CH2=CHCH2OC2H5,c.,CH=CHBr,CH2Br,+,AgNO 3,EtOHr.t,CH=CHBr,CH2ONO 2,+,AgBr,CH2=CHCHO,CHO,KOH-EtO HtOH-EHKO,光照,Br,d.e.,CH2Cl,Cl,+Br2NaOH,H2O,BrBrCH2OH,Cl,C2H5OH,CH3CH2CH2CH3+BrMgOC 2H5,f.g.,CH3,Cl,CH3CH2CH2CH2Br+,MgEt2OH2O,SN2 历程,CH3CH2CH2CH2MgBrOH,h.,Cl,CH3+,H2O,SN1 历程,OH,CH3CH3+,OHCH3,i.,Br,KOH-EtO H,j.,CH2=CHCH2Cl,CH2=CHCH2CN,k.,(CH3)3Cl,+NaOH,H2O,(CH3)3COH,6.5,下列各对化合物按 SN2 历程进行反应,哪一个反应速率较快?-11-,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案,-12-,a.,(CH3)2CHI,(CH3)3CCl,b.,(CH3)2CHI,(CH3)2CHCl,c.,CH2Cl,Cl,d.,CH3CHCH2CH2Br,CH3,CH3CH2CHCH2Br,CH3,e.,CH3CH2CH2CH2Cl,CH3CH2CH=CHCl,6.6,将下列化合物按 SN1 历程反应的活性由大到小排列,bca,6.7,(a)反应活化能,(b)反应过渡态,(c)反应热,放热,6.8,A,CH3CH2CHCH3,Br,B,CH2=CHCH2CH3,C.,CH3CH=CHCH3,(Z)and(E),6.9,怎样鉴别下列各组化合物？,鉴别,a,b,d,AgNO3/EtOH,c.Br2,6.10,CH3CHCH2Br,CH3,KOH-EtO H,CH3C=CH2,CH3,H,+,H2O,CH3,C,CH3,CH3,a.,OHb.,CH3,C,CH3,CH3,HBr,CH3,C,CH3,CH2,Br,Br 2,HO,B,r,CH3,C,CH3,CH2,Brd.,Brc.,OH Bre.,6.11,A,BrCH2CH2CH3,B.,CH2=CHCH3,C.,CH3CHBrCH3,H,H,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案,第七章,醇,酚,醚,7.1,命名下列化合物,a.(3Z)戊烯醇,(3Z)penten1ol,b.2溴丙醇 2bromopropanol,c.2,5庚二醇,2,5heptanediol,d.4苯基2戊醇 4phenyl2pentanol,e.(1R,2R)2 甲 基环己醇,(1R,2R)2 methylcyclohexanol,f.乙二醇二 甲醚,ethanediol 1,2 dimethyl ether,g.,(S)环氧丙烷,(S)1,2 epoxypropane,h.,间甲基苯酚,mmethylphenol,i.1苯基乙醇,1phenylethanol,j.4硝基1,萘酚,4nitro1naphthol,7.3,完成下列转化,a.,OH,CrO3.Py2,O,b.,CH3CH2CH2OH,浓 H2SO4 CH3CH=CH2,Br2,Br,Br,CH3CH-CH2,KOH/EtOH,c.,A,CH3CH2CH2OH,(CH3)2CHB r,CH3CH2CH2OCH(CH3)2,+,CH3CH=CH2,HBr,CH3CHCH3,Br,CH3C CH,Na,B.,CH3CH2CH2OH,HBr,H+CH3CH=CH2,CH3CH2CH2Br,OHCH3CHCH3,d.,CH3CH2CH2CH2OH,CH3CH2CH=CH2,OHCH3CH2CHCH3,OH,OH,e.浓 H2SO4SO3H,f.,CH2=CH2,稀 冷 KMnO4,CH2-CH2,2 O,HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH,OH OHClCH2CH2OH,HOCH2CH2OCH2CH2OCH2CH2OH,H2O+Cl2,g.,CH3CH2CH=CH2,CH3CH2CH2CH2OH,h.,ClCH2CH2CH2CH2OH,NaOH,O,NaOHClCH2CH2OH,HOHH+,Na,ONaCH3CHCH3,CH3CH2CH2Br,T.M,HBr,CH3CH2CH2CH2Br,CH3CH2OHNaOH,1)B2H6,Et2O2)H2O2,OH,HOH+,7.5,下列化合物是否可形成分子内氢键？写出带有分子内氢健的结构式。a,b,d 可以形成-13-,H,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案,a,N,O,O,O,H,cis,N,O,O,H,Otrans,H,ONO,O,OH,N,O,O,b.,O,H,O,H2C,H3C,CH3,d.,O,O,H,7.6,写出下列反应的历程,OH,+,+,OH2,b,ab,+,+,a+,_,H2O,H,_ H+_ H+,7.7,写出下列反应的产物或反应物,a.,(CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH,+,HBr,(CH3)2CHCH2CH2Br,b.,OH+,HCl,无水 ZnCl2,Cl,c.,OCH3,CH2CH2OCH3,+,HI(过量),+,d.,O,CH3,+,HI(过量),CH2CH2,CH3,e.,(CH3)2CHBr,+,NaOC2H5,(CH3)2CHOC2H5,+,CH3CH=CH2,f.,KMnO4OH,CH3(CH2)3C CH3O,g.,CH3C,O,OH,CH CH2CH3,HIO4,CH3COOH+CH3CH2CHO,h.,CH3,OHOH,HIO4,CH3COCH2CH2CHO,i.,OH,CH3,+,Br2,OH,CH3,Br,Br,CCl4,CS2 中单取代,CH3(CH2)3CHCH3OH,j.,CH3(CH2)2CH,OH,CH2CH3,分子内脱水,浓 H2SO4,CH3CH2CH=CHCH2CH3,+CH3CH2CH2CH=CHCH3,7.8-14-,H,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案,-15-,A,OCH3,B.,OH,C.,CH3I,第八章,醛、酮、醌,8.1,a.,异丁醛,甲基丙醛,methylpropanal,isobutanal,b.,苯乙醛,phenylethanal,c.,对甲基苯甲醛,pmethylbenzaldehyde,d.,3甲基,丁酮,methylbutanone,e.2,4二甲基戊酮 2,4dimethyl,3pentanone,f.,间甲氧基苯甲醛,mmethoxybenzaldehyde,g.,h.BrCH2CH2CHO,i.,O,甲基丁烯醛 3methyl2butenalO,j.,CCl3CH2COCH2CH3,k.,(CH3)2CCHO,l.,CH3CH2COCH2CHO,m.,CH=CHCHO,n.,C CH3,O,o.,丙烯醛 propenal,p.,二苯甲酮,diphenyl Ketone,8.3 写出下列反应的主要产物,a.,CH3COCH2CH3,+,H2NOH,CH3CCH2CH3,N,OH,b.,Cl3CCHO,+,H2O,Cl3CCHOH,OH,c.,H3C,CHO,HOOC,COOH,+,KMnO4,H+,d.,CH3CH2CHO,稀 NaOH,CH3CH2CH-CHCHO,OH,CH3,e.,C6H5COCH3,+,C6H5MgBr,C6H5,CH3C6H5C OMgBr,H+H2O,C6H5,CH3C6H5C OH,f.,O,+,H2NNHC6H5,NNHC6H5,g.,(CH3)3CCHO,浓 NaOH,(CH3)3CCH2OH,(CH3)3CCOOH,+,h.,O,+(CH3)2C(CH2OH)2,无水 HCl,O,O,O,i.,+,K2Cr2O7,+,HOOC(CH2)3COOH,j.,CHO,KMnO4室温,COOH,H,H,Hg,H+,2),-16-,k.,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案O,Cl2,H2OOH,C,O,CH2Cl,C CH3,COOH+,CHCl3,l.,O,C CH3,+,Cl2,H+,+HCl,Cl,+,Cl,OH,CH3,m.n.,CH2=CHCH2CH2COCH3CH2=CHCOCH3+HBr,CH3-CHCH2CH2COCH3BrCH2CH2COCH3,o.,CH2=CHCHO,+HCN,NCCH2CH2CHO,+,CH2=CHCH,CN,OH,p.,C6H5CHO,+,CH3COCH3,稀 NaOH,OC6H5CHCH2C-CH3,OH8.4,a.,ABCD,丙醛丙酮丙醇异丙醇,2,4二硝基苯肼,有沉淀无沉淀,Tollen 试剂I2/NaOH,沉淀无沉淀无沉淀黄色沉淀,b.,A,戊醛,B,2戊酮,C,环戊酮,Tollen 试剂,沉淀,A,无沉淀,B,C,I2/NaOH,CHI3,无沉淀,B,C,8.4,完成下列转化,a.,C2H5OH,CrO3.(Py)2,CH3CHO,CH3CHOHCN,CH3CHCOOHOH,b.,C,O,Cl,无水 AlCl3,C,O,c.,O,NaBH 4,OH,d.,HC,CH,+,H2O,CH3CHO,稀 OH,CH3CH=CHCHO H2/Ni,CH3CH2CH2CH2OH,e.,CH3Cl2光,CH2Cl,MgEt2O,OH,CH2CCH3CH3,f.,CH3CH=CHCHO,OHOH 无水 HCl,CH3CH=CHCH,OO,稀 冷 KMn O4OH,OO,CH3CH-CHCHOH OH,H3O,+,CH3CH-CHCHOOH OH,g.,CH3CH2CH2OH,HBr,CH3CH2CH2Br,MgEt2O,CH3CH2CH2MgBr,CH3CH2CH2CH2OH,HCN,+H2O,H2O,CH2MgCl 1)CH3COCH3+,1)HCHO2)H+,8.5,A,CH3CH2CHO+CH3MgBr,B,CH3CHO+CH3CH2MgBr,8.6,分别由苯及甲苯合成 2苯基乙醇,H,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案,-17-,CH3,Cl2,CH2Cl,Mg,Et2O,CH2CH2OH,CH2MgCl 1)HCHO,2)H+,光照Br,MgBr,O,Br2Fe,MgEt2O,H+H2O,8.8,a.缩酮,b.,半缩酮,c.d,半缩醛,8.9,b.,H3C,OO,H+,CH3CHO+HOCH2CH2OH,+,OH,a.,OHO,OH,OH,O,OH,OH,O,c.,H+,OH,OH,H,OHO,+,OH,OH,H,OHO,8.10,A.,CH,CH3,CHOH,B.,CH,CH3,H3CH3C,H3CH3C,OC,C.,C,CH,CH3,H3CH3C,8.11,O,CH3,8.12,A,CH3CH-C-CH2CH3CH3,O,B.,CH,H3CH3C,CHCH2CH3OH,C.,C,H3CH3C,CHCH2CH3,D.,CH3CH2CHO,E.,CH3COCH3,8.13,Br,Br,HOOC,COOH,OA,OB,OC,OD,H,-18-,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案第九章 羧酸及其衍生物,9.1 a.2甲基丙酸,2Methylpropanoic acid,(异丁酸 Isobutanoic acid),b.邻羟基苯甲酸（水杨酸）oHydroxybenzoic acid,c.2丁烯酸 2Butenoic acid,d,3溴丁酸,3Bromobutanoic acid,e.丁酰氯,Butanoyl Chloride,f.,丁酸酐,Butanoic anhydride,g.丙酸乙酯 Ethyl propanoate,h.,乙酸丙酯 Propyl acetate,i.苯甲酰胺,Benzamide,j.顺丁烯二酸,Maleic acid,s.,C,O,t.,H3C,C,O,k.,COOCH3,COOCH3,l.,HCOOCH(CH3)2,m.,CH3CH2CONHCH3,9.29.3,gabcfehd写出下列反应的主要产物,a.,Na2Cr2O7-H2SO4,COOHCOOH,+,COOHCOOH,b.,(CH3)2CHOH,+,COOCH(CH 3)2,H3C,COCl,H3C,c.,HOCH2CH2COOH,LiAlH4,HOCH2CH2CH2OH,d.,NCCH2CH2CN,+,H2O,NaOH,OOCCH2CH2COO,H+,HOOCCH2CH2COOH,e.,CH2COOH,CH2COOH,Ba(OH)2,O,f.,CH3COCl,+,CH3,无水 AlCl3,CH3,COCH3,+,CH3,COCH3,g.,(CH3CO)2O,+,OH,OCOCH 3,h.,CH3CH2COOC 2H5,NaOC 2H5,CH3CH2COCHCOOC 2H5,CH3,i.,CH3COOC2H5,+,CH3CH2CH2OH,+,CH3COOCH 2CH2CH3,+,C2H5OH,j.,CH3CH(COOH)2,CH3CH2COOH,k.,COOH,+,HCl,Cl,COOH,+CO2,H,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案,-19-,l.,2,HOCH2CH2OH,+,COOCH2CH2OOC,m.,COOH,LiAlH4,CH2OH,COOH+,n.,HCOOH,+,OH,HCOO,H,+,NaOC2H5,O,o.p.,N,CH2CH2COOC2H5CH2CH2COOC2H5CONH2,OH,N,COOC2H5COO,+,q.,CH2(COOC2H5)2,+,H2NCONH2,HN,NH,NH3O,O,O,9.4,a.,KmnO4 b.,FeCl3 c.,Br2 or KmnO4d.FeCl3 2,4-二硝基苯肼或 I2/NaOH,9.5,完成下列转化：,a.,O,CN,OH,H+,COOH,OH,b.,CH3CH2CH2Br,CN,CH3CH2CH2CN,CH3CH2CH2COOH,c.,(CH3)2CHOH,CrO3.(Py)2,(CH3)2C O,(CH3)2C,CN,H+,(CH3)2C,COOH,OH,d.,CH3,CH3,KMnO4,COOH,COOHCOOH,COOH,Ba(OH)2,OHO,O,O,O,O,O,e.,(CH3)2C=CH2,HBr,(CH3)3CBr,MgEt2O,(CH3)3CMgBr,f.,CH3BrAlCl3,CH3,KMnO4,COOH,Br2Fe,COOH,Br,g.,HC,CH,H2OH+,Hg2+,CH3CHO,KMnO4,CH3COOH,CH3CH2OHH+,CH3COOC2H5,HCN,H2O,HCN,1)CO2(CH3)3CCOOH2)H+/H2O,H2O,H+H2O,H3O,1)EtONa,浓 OH,CH2CH2CH3,1)OH,H,H,-20-,h.,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案O,HNO3,HOOC(CH2)4COOH,O,i.,CH3CH2COOH,LiAlH4,CH3CH2CH2OH,HBr,CH3CH2CH2Br,MgEt2O,CH3CH2CH2MgBr,CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH,或,H+CH3COCH2COOC2H5 CH3 CO CH COOC2H5,CH3(CH2)3COOH,j.,CH3COOH,Cl2P,CH2COOHCl,CN,CH2COOHCN,EtOH+,CH2(COOC2H5)2,k.,O,O,O,NH3,CH2COONH4,CH2CONH2,(CH3CO)2O,l.m.,CO2CH3OHCH3CH2COOH,+H2OSOCl2,COOHOHCH3CH2COCl,OH,COOHOOCCH3CH3CH2COO,n.,CH3CH(COOC2H5)2,CH3CH2COOH,O KMnO42)CH3CH2CH2Br,+,2)H+3),9.6,己醇,A,已酸 B对甲苯酚 C,NaHCO3 水溶液,水相,已酸钠,HCl,已酸 B,有机相,已醇对甲苯酚,NaOH,水相 HCl酚钠有机相 已醇 A,酚C,COOH,COOH,9.7COOH,COOH,COOH,COOH HOOC,COOH HOOC,H,CH3,CH2,COOH,COOHHOOC,(Z)易成酐(E)不易(Z)易成酐(E)不易成酐9.8,A.,CH2COOHCH2COOH,B.,O,O,O,C.,H2C COCH3H2C COCH3,O,O,D.,CH2CH2OHCH2CH2OH,CH2COO,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案第十章 取代酸,n.4-氧代戊酸（4oxopentanoic acid),10.1 m.3-氯丁酸（3-Chlorobutanoic acid）10.2,a.,(A),CH3CH2CH2COCH2COOCH3OH,COOHCH3CHCOOH,(B)(C),FeCl3,A,BC,显色,不显色,Na2CO3,A,溶解，有气体B,无变化,OH10.3 写出下列反应的主要产物：,a.b.,CH3COCHCOOC2H5CH3CH3COCHCO2CH3CH2CO2CH3,c.,CH3CH2CHCOOHOH,HCO,OCH,CC,O,CH3CH2,CH2CH3,d.,COOCH3COCH3,稀 H,+,1)稀 OH-2)H+,H2O浓 NaOH,CH3COCH2CH3_+CH3COO+CH3OHCH2COO,OCH3+CO2,+CH3OH,OC,e.,O,CH2CH2CH3COOH,O,CH2CH2CH3,f.,HOOCCH2COCCOOHCH3,CH3,CH3COCH(CH3)2,NaOH-H2O,g.h.,CH3CH2CHCOOHClCH3CHCH2COOH,CH3CH2CHCOONaOHCH3CH=CHCOOH,O,OHO,CH3,NaOH-H 2O,CH3CHCH2COONaCH2OH,i.,+CO2,j.,OH,CH3CH3CH2CCOOH,稀 H2SO4,k.,稀 H2SO4,+,+,HCOOH,OCH3CH2CCH3,l.,CH3CH2COCO2HCH3CHCOCO2H,CH3,CH3CH2CHOCH3CHCOOH,CH3-21-,CO2+CO,2)H,CH2COCH3 2)H,1)稀 OH-,H,-22-,COOHCOOHCOOH,O,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案O,O,m.n.,O,O,O,O,o,CH3CH2COOH,+,Cl2,P,CH3CHCOOH,1)NaOH,2)HCl,Cl10.5 完成下列转化：,a.,BrCH2(CH2)2CH2CO2H,NaOH,O,O,b.,O,CO2CH3,EtOC2H5ClCH2COCH3,O,CO2CH3,O,CH2COCH3,c.,CH3COOH,CH3CH2OH+,CH3COOC 2H5,NaOC 2H5,CH3COCH2COOC2H5,CH3,C,O,C,COOC2H5,CH3CO,+,1)NaOC 2H52)BrCH2CH2CH2Br,1)OH-2)H+,d.,CH3COOC2H5,NaOC2H5,CH3COCH2COOC2H5,CH3CH3COCHCOOC2H5,NaOC2H5,COCH3CH3CCOOOC2H5,CH3CHCOOC2H5,CH3CHCOOH,CH3CHCOOH,1)NaOC2H52)BrCH3,2)CH3CHCOOC2H5Br,1),+,_1)浓OH,2)H,CH3CHCH2CH3,CH3CHO,CH3COO NH4,NHCOCH3 H,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案,-23-,第十一章,含氮化合物,11.2,a.硝基乙烷,b.,p亚硝基甲苯,c.,N乙基苯胺,d.,对甲苯重氮氢溴酸,盐或溴化重氮对甲苯,e.,邻溴乙酰苯胺,f.丁腈,g.对硝基苯肼,h.1,6己二胺,i.丁 二 酰 亚 胺,j.亚 硝 基 二 乙 胺,k.溴 化 十 二 烷 基 苄 基 二 甲 铵,m.HO,CH2CH2NH2,n.,l.(CH3)3N+CH2CH2OHOH,(CH3)3N+CH2CH2OCOCH3OH,o.HO,CH(OH)CH2NHCH3,HOp.,(CH3)2CHCH2NH2,r.,N,N-二甲基乙胺,q.,NHH2N-C-NH2,HO11.4,O,H,H,OH,H,O,N,H3CHH3C,H3CH NH3C,a 中有三种氢键,b.中只有一种氢键,H3CH3C N HH,H,H3CH3C NH,11.5,如何解释下列事实？a.因为在苄胺中，未与苯环直接相连，其孤对电子不能与苯环共轭，所以碱性与烷基胺基本相似。,NH2,H3C,中，硝基具有强的吸电子效应。-NH2 中N上孤对电子更多地偏向苯环，,所以与苯胺相比,其碱性更弱。,b.O2N,而,NH2 中，甲基具有一定的给电子效应，使-NH2 中N上电子云密度增加，,所以与苯胺相比,其碱性略强.11.6,+_,CH3CH(NH2)CH2CH3,(+),酒石酸,胺(+)胺(+),酸盐酸盐,(+)(-),拆分,而后再分别加 NaOH 析出胺.,物理性质不同可,11.9,完成下列转化：,a.,HNO3H2SO4,NO2,NH2,b.,NH2(CH3CO)2O,NHCOCH3HNO3 O2N,+,NH2,O2N,Fe+HCl,c.,CH3COOHCH3COOH,P2O5SOCl2,(CH3CO)2OCH3COCl,NH3NH3,CH3CONH2CH3CONH2,CH3COOH,NH3,+,CH3CONH2,d.,2,Cl,SOCl2NH3,CH3CH(OH)CHCH3NH2CH3CHCH2CH3,CH3CH2OHHClCH3CH2Cl,CrO3(Py)2MgCH3CH2MgClEt2O,1)CH3CH2MgCl+,N Cl,0-5 C,N2 Cl,0-5 C,有机化学（第四版，汪小兰）课后题答案,NH,O,O,KOH,NK,O,O,O,O,CH3NCH,CH2CH3,H,+,COOH,COOH,+CH3CHCH2CH3,ClCH3CHCH2CH3,NH2,NH2,(CH3CO)2O,NHCOCH3,NO2,NH2,NH2,Br,+,-,Br,NH2,+,N,Br,NH