何兆熊综合英语第三册unit.ppt

Space Invaders,Richard Stengel,Personal space,Pre-reading Activities(10-15 mins),What is“personal space”?What is your personal space?Does your personal space change?Why or why not?,What is personal space?,“Imaginary bubble”that surrounds a person which allows them to feel comfortable or uncomfortable.Personal space is our“individual boundary or territory.”Moving into someones personal space can be viewed as a violation.Personal space is more psychological than physical.It depends more on our inner space than the space outside us.This space varies across individuals according to factors such as age,gender,personality,status,and culture.,4 Zones of Personal Space,Intimate distance:(0-18 inches)between close friends,family members;show affection,give comfort or protectPersonal distance:(1/-4 feet)most conversations Social distance:(4-12 feet)less personal situations,in business,workplace Public distance:(12 feet)lectures,churches,public gatherings,Shared Space,Elevators,buses,theaters,and many other similar“shared places”tend to reduce personal space.People who routinely find themselves in such situations tend to have smaller personal space and more tolerance for“space invasion”than those who are unused to crowding.,How would you feel if you were in any of these situations?,We need personal space to feel comfortable,On the subway,open spaces create a zone of comfort.,Armrests on a long bench in Central Park allow for ample breathing room.,In Union Square,a few feet between women goes a long way toward easing tensions about being in a busy area.,But there are always“Space Invaders”,Unit 2 Space Invaders,By Richard Stengel,About the Author,Richard Stengel,Managing Editor of Time magazine,and a long-time writer and editor of the magazine As a senior writer and essayist,Stengel has written for The New Yorker,The New Republic and The New York Times.Hes been a frequent television commentator on CNN and MSNBC.Stengel has written several books,including January sun:One day,three lives;A South African town and Youre too kind:A brief history of flattery.,About Time magazine,Time(trademarked in capitals as TIME)is an American news magazine.A European edition(Time Europe,formerly known as Time Atlantic)is published from London.Time Europe covers the Middle East,Africa and,since 2003,Latin America.An Asian edition(Time Asia)is based in Hong Kong.As of 2009,Time no longer publishes a Canadian advertiser edition.The South Pacific edition,covering Australia,New Zealand and the Pacific Islands,is based in Sydney.Time is the worlds largest weekly news magazine,and has a domestic audience of 20 million and a global audience of 25 million.As of mid-2006,Richard Stengel is the managing editor.,Text Structure,3 Sections:Paragraph 1-2:This part tells us about the authors experience of how his personal space was invaded and how his individual border was intruded on.Paragraph 3-7:This part shows that he phenomenon of invading personal space has become more and more serious in the current society.Paragraph 8-9:The last two paragraphs show that the shrinking of personal space is less a physical matter than peoples psychological withdrawal.,Part 1(Paragraph 1-2),The first two paragraphs tell us about the authors experience of how personal space was invaded and how his individual border was intruded on.,Questions:How did the author describe the violation of personal space that happened in a bank?Why does the author tell his experience at the bank?,The author related his experience with a series of verb phrases and adverbials,such as inching toward,minutely advanced toward,in mild annoyance,began to sidle up to,absentmindedly shuffled toward,which vividly described the process in which the people in line,though reluctant,had to give away their personal space to the invaders until they became hugger-mugger against each other.,snake,move in a twisting way eg.The train was snaking its way through the mountains.,Detailed reading1 some tired velvet rope,some tired velvet rope(Paragraph 1),Explanation:,Here,the word“tired”means“drooping,loosened or slackened”.,Detailed reading,Velvet：n.丝绒;天鹅绒;立绒;赢得的钱;adj.天鹅绒的;柔软的;（脚声等）轻软的;Eg.this textile feels like velvet.这种纺织品摸上去象丝绒似的。,Inch,n.英寸（相当于 2。54 厘米，一英尺有12英寸）;少量，少许;身高;She is five feet six inches.她身高五英尺六英寸。His legs are too long for his inches.就他的身高而言,他的腿太长了。,Inch：vt.使缓慢地移动,to move very slowly in a particular direction,or to make something do thisPrices are inching up.物价在缓慢上涨.inch ones way forward 慢慢前进,Homework:make sentences with these phrases,by inches:bit by bit,graduallyevery inch:completely,entirelynot budge/yield an inch:not give way at allwithin an inch of:very near,almostThe car missed me by inches.He looked every inch a gentleman.他看上去完全是正人君子Neither side is prepared to give an inch in the negotiations.Betty came within an of being killed.贝蒂差一点就被杀死,New words from the text,1.minute adj 1)very small in size or amount 极小的;极少的:water containing minute quantities of lead 含有微量铅的水.2)very detailed;accurate or precise 极详细的;准确的;精确的:a minute description,inquiry,examination,inspection,etc 详细的描述调查检查视察等 minute v Tn 将（某事）载入备忘录或会议记录 minutely adv.minuteness n U.,3.text1_W_minutely2,我还没仔细研究账目细节，只是粗略浏览了一遍。2)把档案交给老板之前，他仔细检查了一下。,minutely,I havent studied the accounts minutely;Ive merely read them through.,He checked the document minutely before handing it to his boss.,2.sidle v Ipr,Ip to walk towards something or someone slowly and quietly,as if you do not want to be noticed.(偷偷地)侧身而行sidle up/towards/along:sidling up to the bar 悄悄朝酒吧走去*She sidled over to me and asked if I recognized her.她羞怯地向我走来,问我是否认识她.,HW:sneak,stroll,stride&plod,sneak:go quietly and furtively stroll:walk in a leisurely or idle manner;ramble stride:walk with long stepsplod:walk with heavy steps or with difficulty,He raised his spear and sneak forward.他提起长矛悄悄地前进。I used to stroll along the beach on Sundays.我过去常在星期天沿海滩散步。He turned abruptly and strode off down the corridor.They had to plod wearily on up the hill.他们不得不迈着疲倦的步子登上山.,3.scribble v I,Tn,Tn.pr 1)write(sth)very fast or carelessly 匆匆或草草书写（某内容）:scribbling(figures)on an envelope 在信封上乱写（数字）.2)make(meaningless marks)on sth 在某物上画（无意义的东西）:a child scribbling all over a book 在本子上到处乱画的孩子 scribble n 潦草的笔迹;乱画的无意义的东西,4.shuffle v I,Ipr,Ip walk without lifting the feet completely clear of the ground 拖着脚步走:Walk properly dont shuffle.好好走路-脚别蹭地.shuffle指缓慢的 疲惫的步子,Shamble同样指拖着脚步走但可来得较快也较随便stagger身负重物的人或喝醉的人走起路来即为.stumble因未见到地上的物体,不留心用脚碰到即为.waddle的词义很幽默,指因肥胖或因负重走起路来一摇一摆像鸭子似的.hobble和limp均指腿受伤时不平稳的步子.limp专用以指单腿受伤或强直,shuffle sb.to and fro把某人调来调去shuffle sth.out of sight把某物塞在看不见的地方shuffle ones clothes on off笨拙匆匆地穿上脱下衣服shuffle cards洗纸牌shuffle the cards喻改变机构人事;改变政策,5.hugger-mugger adj,adv 1)secret(ly)秘密（的）.2)confused(ly);in disorder 混乱（的）;乱糟糟（的）.hugger-mugger n U 1 secrecy 秘密.2 confusion 混乱.,6.Slinky or Lazy Spring is a toy consisting of a helical spring that stretches and can bounce up and down.slinky adj1)（尤指女子）扭捏招摇地移动:her slinky way of dancing 她迷人的舞姿.2)（指衣服）紧身显出身体线条的:a slinky night-dress 显出优美身段的睡衣.slinkiness n U.,7.quaint adj unusual and attractive,especially in an old-fashioned way 离奇有趣的,古怪的:quaint old customs 稀奇古怪的旧风俗 quaintly adv.quaintness n U.8.gratifying adj(to do sth/that.)(fml 文)pleasing;satisfying 令人高兴的;令人满意的:It is gratifying to see ones efforts rewarded.看到自己的努力有所收获是令人高兴的.gratify v.使高兴，使满足 gratification n(fml 文)喜悦;满意;满足,9.intuitive adj 1)an intuitive idea is based on a feeling rather than on knowledge or facts 直觉的:intuitive knowledge 凭直觉知道2)possessing intuition 有直觉力的:Are women more intuitive than men?女子比男子的直觉力更强吗?intuitively adv intuition n.直觉,10.penetrate v 1)Ipr,Tn(into/through)sth make a way into or through sth 进入或穿过某物:A shrill cry penetrated the silence.一声尖叫划破了寂静.2)Tn understand or discover(sth)洞察或发现（某事物）:It was impossible to penetrate the mystery.那奥秘无法揭穿.penetrating adj 思想敏锐的;有洞察力的 penetration n.,Part Two(paragraph 3-7),This part shows that the phenomenon of invading personal space has become more and more serious in the current society.The writer gives several explanations to this pervasive phenomenon.The shrinking of personal space is due to factors such as the geographical space,the general decline of manners,and more and more space invaders.,Question:Is personal space a phrase of the seventies?Is it out of date nowadays?Why or why not?,personal space was a phrase popularly used in the seventies but seldom mentioned nowdays.However,it doesnt mean that it is out of date.People,whatever periods they are in,need personal space,which is not to be penetrated.The only problem is that the world is becoming so crowded that it is impossible for people to protect their personal space as well as they used to do.,11.wedge v Tn.pr,Tn.p pack or thrust(sth/sb/oneself)tightly into a space 将（某物某人）塞入或插入某空间:I was so tightly wedged between two other passengers,I couldnt get off the bus.我紧紧夹在两个乘客中间下不了公共汽车了.wedge n.劈;尖劈;楔子,12.zigzag adj attrib 作定语(of a line,path,etc)turning right and left alternately at sharp angles（指线条 小径等）锯齿形的,之字形的,Z字形的:a zigzag road,course,flash of lightning 弯弯曲曲的道路 路线 闪电.zigzag n 锯齿形的线条小径等 zigzag v 曲折地前进,13.jostle v I,Ipr,Tn(against sb)push roughly against(sb),usu in a crowd 推挤（某人）（通常於人群中）:The youths jostled(against)an old lady on the pavement.那些青年人在人行道上推推搡搡挤着了一个老太太.14.carve out to succeed in getting the job,position,life etc that you want 靠勤奋创（业）或树（名声）:She carved out a name for herself as a reporter.她靠苦干而成了有名的记者 carve v.雕刻;雕刻成（某物）,15.fidgety adj unable to stay still 烦躁的;坐立不安的:The boys get fidgety if they cant play outside.fidget v I,Ipr,Ip(about)(with sth)烦躁不安/n.烦躁不安的人16.relentless adj strict,cruel,or determined,without ever stopping残酷的，不留情的:He was relentless in demanding repayment of the debt.他冷酷无情地要求偿还那笔债。relent v I decide to be less strict,determined or harsh 决定采取较为温和缓和或宽容的态度和做法:Afterwards she relented and let the children stay up late to watch TV.後来她宽容了些,让孩子们晚睡看电视.,17.proximity n U(fml 文)(to sth)nearness in space or time;closeness（空间或时间上的）邻近,接近:in the proximity of the building 那座大楼附近*houses built in close proximity to each other 紧挨在一起的房子 proximate a.最接近的，直接的18.alluring adj attractive;charming 吸引人的;迷人的;诱惑人的:an alluring smile,prospect,promise 迷人的微笑前景承诺 allure v Tn,Tnt(fml or rhet 文或修辞)诱惑 引诱或吸引（某人）/n.诱惑力;魅力 allurement n C,U.,19.proliferation n U proliferating or being proliferated（迅速的）繁殖;增殖;增生:attrib 作定语 a nuclear non-proliferation treaty 禁止核扩散条约 proliferate v.繁殖,增生,使.激增20.infuse v Tn.pr sth into sb/sth;sb/sth with sth put(a quality)into sb/sth;fill sb/sth with(a quality)将（某特性）灌输给或注入某人某事物;使某人某事物获得（某特性）:infuse new life,energy,etc into the workers 使工人获得新的活力 力量等infusion n U of sth(into sb/sth)注入;灌输;浸泡,21.jangle v I and T 1)if metal objects jangle,or if you jangle them,they make a sound when they hit each other:使某物）发出刺耳的金属撞击声:The fire-alarm kept jangling(away).火警报警器响个不停.2)if your nerves jangle,or if something jangles your nerves,you feel nervous or upset:发出噪声刺激（神经等）:Her voice jangles on my ears.她的声音我觉得很刺耳.jangle n 刺耳的声音 jangling a.anxious,22.logistics n sing or pl v organization of supplies and services,etc for any complex operation物流,后勤学,运筹学 logistic,logistical adj.23.wager v I,Tn,Tn.pr,Tf,Dn.n,Dn.f sth(on sth)stake(money)on the result of(sth);bet sth 在（某事物）上赌（钱）;打赌:Ill wager(you)(any money you like)he wont come.我（和你）打赌,（随便赌多少钱,）他不会来.wager n 赌博:,wager,wager:(more formal term for)bet eg.wager 5 pounds(on a horse)（在一匹马上）押注5英镑,打赌 lose a wager打赌输了 win a wagerlay make,bet a wager打赌获胜,24.trespass v 1)I,Ipr(on sth)enter sbs land or property without his permission or other authority 非法侵入某人地界:He accused me of trespassing on his estate.他控告我擅自进入他的庄园.2)Ipr on sth(fml 文)take advantage of sth in a selfish way;use sth unreasonably 侵占或无理使用某事物:trespass on sbs time/hospitality/privacy 占用某人的时间利用某人的好客之情/侵扰某人的个人自由.trespass n U 非法侵入 trespasser n 非法侵入的人,25.mutter v 1)(sth)(to sb)(about sth)speak or say(sth)in a low voice that is hard to hear 低语;咕哝（某事）:He muttered something(to the salesgirl)(about losing his wallet).他低声（向女售货员）述说着（他的钱包丢了）.2)I,Ipr(about/against/at sb/sth)complain or grumble privately or in a way that is not openly expressed（私下）埋怨,发牢骚,讲怪话:For some time people had been muttering about the way she ran the department.人们对她的管理方式私下抱怨已有时日.mutter n 含糊低语声;含混不清的声音.mutterer n 喃喃低语者.muttering n U(also mutteringspl)私下的抱怨.,26.lament v 1)I,Ipr,Tn(for/over sb/sth)feel or express great sorrow or regret for(sb/sth)为（某人某事物）感到悲痛;哀悼;痛惜:lament(for)a dead friend 哀悼亡友*lament(over)ones misfortunes 悲叹自己的不幸 2)I,Tn complain(about sth)抱怨（某事）:Shes always lamenting the lack of sports facilities in town.她总是抱怨伦敦缺少体育设施.lament n 悲恸;挽歌;哀诗 lamentable adj 惋惜的;可悲的lamentation n 悲痛;哀悼 lamented adj 悲叹的;痛惜的,27.grant v 1)agree to give or allow(what is asked for)同意给予或允许（所求）:grant a favour,request,etc 答应帮忙 请求等2)sth(to sb)give sth formally or legally 正式或依法给予某物:She was granted a pension.她得到了养老金.grant n.拨款，授予物28.expansionist n.扩张主义者,领土扩张论者/adj.(关于)扩张主义的 expand v.扩大，扩张 expansion n.扩大，扩张 expanse n.广阔；宽阔的区域 expansive a.广阔的；胸襟开阔的,29.stake vt.打赌 n.桩；利害关系，股份；赌注-stake(out)a/ones claim(to sb/sth)(idiom):declare a special interest(in sb/sth);claim a right(to sb/sth)声称（与某人某事物）有特殊关联;提出（对某人某事物的）所有权要求:Several clubs have already staked a/their claim to this outstanding young footballer.有几个足球俱乐部均表示这个年轻的足球健将是他们的人.,stake a claim,stake a claim:make a claimstake:be assertive in defining and defending a position or policyHe staked a claim to the land where hed found the gold.,at stake:to be won or lost;being risked,depending on the outcome of an eventThis decision puts our lives at stake.,3.text6-7_W_stake2,Translate the following sentences into English.,你应该对该财产提出权利要求。2)他面临身败名裂的危险。,You ought to stake a claim to the property.,His reputation is at stake.,30.annex v 1)Tn take possession of(a territory,etc)兼并,并吞（领土等）:annex a neighboring state 兼并邻国.2)Tn,Tn.pr sth(to sth)add or join sth to a larger thing 附加;添加:A new wing has been annexed to the hospital.医院已经增建了一个新侧楼.annexation n 并吞;附加;附加物.31.routine adj usual;habitual;regular 通常的;惯例的;例行的:the routine procedure 例行手续*routine maintenance 定期的保养 routinely adv.routine n.例行公事,常规,mandeer v.to take someone elses property for your own use强取,强占:All automobiles in the town were commandeered by the army.城中所有的汽车均被部队征用了。,Part Three(paragraph 8-9),The last two paragraphs show that the shrinking of personal space is less a physical matter than peoples psychological withdrawal.People in the present society tend to be more and more self-absorbed.The writer calls for peoples expansion of personal space,both physical and psychological.,Question:Do you agree with the writers view that the contraction of the outer,personal space is proportional to the expansion of the inner space of modern man?,Yes,people in the present society tend to be more self-centered,concentrating on their private affairs and ignoring the outer world around them.They say they have no time or energy to care about others in a society at a fast tempo.As a mater of fact,they do not want to bother about it.,33.shrink v(pt shrank or shrunk,pp shrunk)I,Tn(cause sth to)become smaller,esp because of moi