Book7U4教案课时4Grammarandusage.doc

牛津高中英语教学设计单元：Unit 4 Public transport板块：Grammar and usageThoughts on the design:本课将分别从四个方面具体介绍现在分词和过去分词的用法（a v-ed or a v-ing like an adjective, a v-ed or a v-ing like an adverb, passive and perfect forms of v-ing, the subject of v-ing or v-ed clause）。由于学生在上语法课时，往往会思想不集中或有枯燥厌倦之感，所以，教师采用“悟、导、练”的教学方法，即首先呈现一些典型例句，让学生通过朗读自己领悟语言规则，然后再引导他们在对比分析的基础上，进行归纳和总结。最后配一些相应的练习（填词、选择题、句型转换等）或创设各种真实的情境，来帮助学生运用所学的知识。这样的设计旨在激活学生的思维，调动其学习积极性，提高课堂效率。Teaching aims:After learning this period, students will be able to1. understand how the v-ed or a v-ing can be used as adjective;2. understand how the v-ed or a v-ing can be used as adverb;3. summarize the rules in which a v-ed or a v-ing is used;4. learn to use v-ed or v-ing in correct way according to different contexts.Teaching procedures:Step 1 Lead inGuide students to read the following passage and help them to analyze the function of the v-ing used in the passage. (PPT4)Cars are the leading ( ) causes of air pollution in the world today. Realizing ( ) how serious the problem has become, the government has been encouraging people to walk, cycle or make better use of the underground system.Answers:定语 adj. 状语 adv. Explanation 教师可以根据教学内容灵活运用教材中的练习。如，将57页上练习A的篇章进行适当改写后，作为本课的导入，旨在帮助学生通过语篇来感悟现在分词做定语和状语的功能，为后面的教学做好铺垫。Step 2 Grammar Points Part one a v-ed or a v-ing like an adjective1. Help the students understand how they can use a v-ing like an adjective by analysing the sentences given and then draw a conclusion by themselves. (PPT5) She sat beside the window, watching the falling leaves floating in the air. It was an exciting match.Conclusion: it usually expresses an action that is going on, or what something is like.Explanation 向学生呈现一些典型例句，让他们通过朗读来体会现在分词作形容词的用法。1. Help students understand the differences between v-ed and v-ing when used like adjective. While doing this, students are supposed to read the following sentences and try to analyze when v-ed can be used . (PPT6) The police found the stolen car. There was a thick layer of fallen leaves on the ground. Many excited people wanted to travel on the underground.Answers: express passive meaning, refer to a finished action, tell how we feel about sth.Explanation 通过对比，帮助学生分析现在分词与过去分词作形容词时的差别。2. Help students use v-ed or v-ing as adjective in real context. (PPT7)show the picture of Harry Porter and ask students to fill in the blanks with suitable words. Have you read the book _ to him? (relate)It is a book _ by J.K. Rowling. Its an_book most teenagers like. (write, interest)Will you feel _ if Harry Porter is your teacher? (excite)Answers: related, written, interesting, excitedPart two a v-ed or a v-ing like an adverb1. Ask students to read the following sentences and to analyze when v-ed or v-ing can be as adverb. In this activity, students are supposed to discuss in pairs. (PPT8-11) Sentences Situations 1) Realizing he would have to take two different trains, he decided to take a taxi instead.2) Encouraged by the success of the Metropolitan Railway Company, Metropolitan District Railway opened another line in 1868.3) Traveling through the tunnel, the man felt uncomfortable because of the noise.4) When asked how old the underground system was, she made no reply.5) The train headed for London, puffing and rattling.6) He walked down the hill, singing softly to himself.7) Turning to the left at the crossroads, you will see the railway station on your right.8) Given another chance, Ill do it much better. Answers: express reason or cause , refer to time, express manner,express condition2. In order to help the students have a better understanding of the knowledge mentioned above, ask them to rewrite the following sentences with proper conjunctions. (PPT12) Being ill, he didnt go to school._ he was ill, he didnt go to school. Walking in the street, he met a friend. _ I walked in the street, I met a friend. He watched TV, drinking beer. He watched TV_ drank beer. Given more time, I would finish the work on time. _.Explanation 填写连词练习可以帮助学生更好地理解分词作状语的功能。Answers: Because, when, and, If I were given more time, I would finish the work on time.Help the students use v-ed of v-ing as adverb in real context. (PPT13) _ the picture, I feel very funny. (see)_so many things, the cat felt very tired. (carry)The cat carried many things, _.(sing)_ more money, I would buy more presents for my wife. (give) Answers: Seeing, Carrying, singing, GivenExplanation 在真实的情境中选用分词的适当形式可以加深学生对其语法功能的理解。Part three Passive and perfect forms of v-ing1. Ask students to read the following sentences and fill in the diagram. (PPT14) The underground system being built in the city will be open next year. Having seen the situation, a wealthy American businessman, Charles Yerkes tried to improve the system. Having been developed over many years, the underground system is now able to transport millions of people effectively.被动进行式主动完成式 被动完成式Answers:  being + done, having + done,  having been + done2. Ask students to rewrite the following sentences with passive and perfect forms of v-ing. (PPT15) It is said that the second line of Nanjing Underground is being built and it will reach Ma Qun. After the government has realized how serious the financial crisis is, it has been taking many measures to help people out of difficulty. After the plan had been revised many times, it was carried out last month. Answers: It is said that the second line of Nanjing Underground being built will reach Ma Qun. Having realized how serious the financial crisis is, the government has been taking many measures to help people out of difficulty. Having been revised many times, the plan was carried out last month. Explanation 句型转换练习不但可以帮助学生巩固现在分词的进行时和完成时的用法，而且也有利于提高学生的写作水平。3. Ask students to make right choice. (PPT16) _ the differences between London Underground and Nanjing Underground, our government took some measures to improve the underground system. A. Having compared B. Compared C. Having been compared D. being compared Answer: APart four the subject of v-ing or v-ed clause 1. Ask the students whether we can rewrite the previous sentence into “Having compared the differences between London Underground and Nanjing Underground, some measures were taken by our government to improve the underground system.” If the students find it difficult to judge, the teacher can show another sentence and help them analyze the subjects of v-ing clause and main clause in each sentence. So that the students can make a right judgment and explain the reason. (PPT17) Having compared the differences between London Underground and Nanjing Underground, some measures were taken by our government to improve the underground system. Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work.Reason for the judgment: The understood subject of v-ing or v-ed clause is always the same as the subject of the main clause.Explanation 学生在遇到困难时，教师可以给予适当的提示，引导他们自己分析问题、解决问题，从而提高自学能力。2Help student use proper forms of words to fill in the blank with the help of the picture. (PPT18) _ this public service advertisement, we think(see) _ on internet or other media, the public service advertisement can call on more people to (show)Answers: Seeing, Shown Explanation 该幻灯片起过渡作用，从“Having been trapped in traffic”联想到环保的公益广告，再拓展到商业广告的作用，这样就把前后两张幻灯有机地结合，使整节课更加流畅。另外，通过真实情境的创设可以帮助学生运用所学知识。Step 3 Practices and Consolidation Help the students use proper forms of the following words to complete the short passage and analyze different functions of v-ed or v-ing. This activity will offer students a chance to use what they learned in class. (PPT19) mislead, know, guide, readSometimes advertisements can be useful. _ what to buy, consumers may turn to ads for information. That is to say, _ ads, you will get a better understanding of each product. However, some consumers may also be cheated by _ advertisements. _ by these ads, they are likely to make wrong decisions. So what attitude will you take to ads? Answer: Not knowing, reading, misleading, Guided Explanation 这一练习旨在帮助学生在篇章中更好地理解现在分词和过去分词作定语和状语的用法, 以巩固本节课所学的知识。第 5 页 共 5 页