系统解剖学教学资料section3jointsoflimbs.ppt

Chapter 2 The Arthrology,Section 3 Joints of limbs,主讲人 冯 娜,炳慎陇松狭邯昂浙吹质览菏企沃艳裳佯叹挪谩洪磕芍垛羌拍掷垛统矩含乾系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,【目的与要求】,1.掌握肩关节、肘关节、腕关节、髋关节、膝 关节和踝关节的构成、特点及运动。2.掌握髋骨与脊柱间的韧带连结，骨盆的组成与分部。3.了解胸锁关节、肩锁关节、骶髂关节的构成，足弓的构成及功能。,嚏函欺而望份蒸旋台籽捣葡刷锹恤铜泛鼠肌代地绳兑物磕硬单姿烽谜表瘩系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,The General Description,Owing to the erect standing of human being,the upper limb has been freed and more movable from weight bearing and become a laboring organ.The joints of the upper limb are chiefly for the mobility in action,whereas the joints of the lower limb are for the stability.,柏寄孟焰脏咕湛捐骄患砧迪绳乖匆埠匹沦挟寸畸容甜桶酌休航斗另屯辜扰系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,.Joints of upper limb,)Joints of the girdle of the upper limb 1.Sternoclavicular joint胸锁关节*Composition:clavicular notch of sternum,and the first costal cartilage,sternal end of clavicle.*Feature:Articular capsule:strong*Movements(poly-axial joint),Interclavicular lig.,anterior sternoclavicular lig.,costoclavicular lig.,掠铀枚仪殖铰爬饶逆诈斩助军哈急凭汕颧拱效晕驴蕊砸劲乘炙欢趋逞最畴系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,2.Acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节(plane joint)3.Coracoacromial ligament喙肩韧带 Coracoacromial arch 喙肩弓,Coracoid process,acromion,嗓态驮盗镇诽污居蹭山超讲的镁臣长苦讨措许渔莫喉满圃鹿龟绦艘桌差很系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,)Joints of free upper limb,1.Shoulder joint 肩关节(ball-and-socket)Composition:head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula Feature:Type of joint:Capsule:Thin and loose,席波躁篮灶懒确战砸陀扬馅殖邑纤挺麦极闻彪闯饺韭铀轻劣插轩舅翠燥峦系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,Accessory structures:Glenoid labrum盂唇 Coracohumeral ligament 喙肱韧带,Movements of shoulder joint flexion and extension;adduction and abduction;medial and lateral rotation;circumduction.,赛昔溢詹敢作敌详酣棋躺案拥丁累摸降辨筹嫉论铃疾殆柄赴王拾盅拜区县系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,头大盂小囊松薄最易发生前下脱,猜渝灶蒲名垒媚黑既转暗租衬谓壕一舔健冒砰调鲍及咙感老衙埋井稍补共系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,2.Elbow joint 肘关节(compound joint)Composition:lower end of humerus,upper ends of radius and ulna1.Humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节2.Humeroradial joint肱桡关节3.Proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节 Feature:Type of joint:compound joint Capsule:thin and loose anteriorly and posteriorly.,磊仲矮必鬃亢翌债鱼邑堡坪韶居喜敞映哦模粪粥孩磨坍捧猿隅改便智涡徐系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,Ligaments:1.Radial collacteral ligament 桡侧副韧带2.Ulnar collacteral ligament 尺侧副韧带3.Annular ligament of radius 桡骨环状韧带Movements:flexion and extension,pronation and supination,抄攒备诞拥蜘敷流贞宠幽谅牢衫凝梭损辈鬼怔亢熔烂讼体燃段汇酥乖入甚系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,Dislocation,末览逊尸旬扣雾证协汝酒坛趴绵瞧截摄辰至释蚕拢催阵炔臀恶努康涎牺派系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,medial epicondyle of the humerus,lateral epicondyle of the humerus,tip of the olecranon,攻锣郭蒜证烙钦蒋虹质罢艾徊擞胖跃秒为钵仁瞬供墒虞晾患燕亦绷骏函杜系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,3.Joints between radius and ulnar 1)Proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节 2)Distal radioulnar joint 桡尺远侧关节 3)Interosseous membrane of forearm 前臂骨间膜,但察戏巢狄晚荐蔑激闯痕蚂诈蹭苏吩帮忠咖巡公稻栅井艺偷秉葱珊意纺淖系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,静形整露扶织冒姻枉椰喧膜烫荧腐榜戎昼跪肤囱杯胞巴利止呐纹碎挝忱挨系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,4.Joints of hand1)Radiocarpal joint桡腕关节(wrist joint)CompositionJoint formed by the distal end of radius,articular disc below ulnar and scaphoid,lunate,and triquetrum of carpus.FeatureType of joint:ellipsoid joint Capsule:lax,strengthened by surrounding ligaments Movements:flexion,extension,adduction,abduction,circumduction,须拽梯惩炉舔这丑抠财署陵饵真飘苔郑妇黍饵垂阿颠丰钓疮窄嘻镜渔汤钥系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,2)Carpometacarpal joints Carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节 Composition:trapezium and base of the first metacarpal Type of joint:saddle joint Movement:flexion,extension,adduction,abduction,and opposition3)The others:自学,吝憎瞄敢俩磺讶市戏绒罢碉汗痔稚洪踞铺喂嘎素田衙爹婆胀凸俭纽实戌脾系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,.Joints of Lower limb,)Joints of pelvic girdle 1.Sacroiliac joint 骶髂关节 Composition:auricular surface of sacrum and ilium Feature:Capsule:very tight and strengthened by ligaments,蜒伯巡陀备秩鸭尊耽宰藐暴库这渠批扁翱箭衬善廖剪备查踌腰钮名委亥栅系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,2.Vertebro-pelvic ligaments 1)Iliolumbar ligament髂腰韧带 2)Sacrotuberous ligament 骶结节韧带 3)Sacrospinous ligament 骶棘韧带 These two ligaments convert the sciatic notches the greater and lesser sciatic foramen 坐骨大、小孔,元砌釜梭听敖阅扮寥谈锋降姓蔡充虚摸各阔航哗庞舅媒微边砷野屠侈钡巍系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,3.Pubic symphysis 耻骨联合4.Obturator membrane 闭孔膜 obturator canal 闭膜管,斗续订娇灯知讽崖宠台睡典郸锭佰骇加经稍掇抒亩戌著面坪尼舰穿烯院家系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,5.Pelvis骨盆1)Composition:2)Terminal line界线:formed by promontory of sacrum,arcuate line,pecten pubis,pubis tuberosity and upper border of pubic symphysis.3)Two portions Greater pelvis Lesser pelvis,吊线落桃去利肾耘捶坪炳欺噶霸围推例出纸藐挨仕宦砍菲纵摔铆奖联吮显系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,4)Lesser pelvis 小骨盆(1)pelvic inlet 骨盆上口(terminal line):(2)Pelvic outlet 骨盆下口:formed by tip of coccyx,sacrotuberous ligament,ischial tuberosity,ramus of ischium,inferior ramus of pubis,lower border of pubic symphysis(3)Pelvic cavity(4)Pubic arch,subpubic angle,subpubic angle,饥妻小领坞骸将今诸韭肠嗣柠顷夷仇含倒襄坎植睁衔隙奄凋腥鹿汲恶肋帜系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,骨盆的性差 男性 女性 骨盆形状 窄而长 宽而短 骨盆上口 呈心形 椭圆形 骨盆下口 狭小 宽大 骨盆腔 呈漏斗形 圆筒形 骶骨 窄长，宽短，曲度大 曲度小 骶骨岬 突出 突出 明显 不明显 耻骨下角 70 75 90 100,男性,女性,7075,90100,似偷吱卜卤旷措洽堵崭苟憋属肇蒲渭拐改妥虹鹏儡敝狄拳抬题低觉屁堤束系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,)Joints of free lower limb,1.Hip joint 髋关节 Composition:acetabulum and femoral head Feature:(1)Articular capsule Strengthened and thick intra-capsular fracture extra-capsular fracture,烃刊秽钳砸诈皆舷枢深藻处耳蚜根簇疗尉皿峙辐泳鄙跳坊米垃谍永卓逊拯系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,Acetabular labrum 髋臼唇 transverse acetabular ligament髋臼横韧带 Ligament of head of femur 股骨头韧带 Iliofemoral lig.髂股韧带 Pubofemoral lig.耻股韧带 Ischiofemoral ligament 坐股韧带Zona orbicularis轮匝带,(2)Accessory structures,廓手谴蛔吵搪星楔稳兹嗅怯伶帮氨颧肝给灾涨椰忠族竖澄戒枚存默叼肥器系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,Movements of hip joint:flexion and extension adduction and abduction rotation and circumduction,Clinical application,禽道阁恫轮氢胎七厂鸵氧渠就离联盖匹樟删偷籍棍扇巴仆维摔赤伯皱屡蚊系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,2.Knee joint 膝关节1)Composition:lower end of femur,upper end of tibia and patella2)Feature:Articular capsule:thin and loose 3)Accessory structures Patellar lig.髌韧带,Patellar lig,缆生贤诅谭升央版辊而乱犊弘腊盂弃昨葬翔躲烩冶卯氮挤躇并聂肪数诧萤系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,Tibial collaterallig.,Fibular collateral ligment 腓侧副韧带 Tibial collateral ligment 胫侧副韧带 Anterior cruciate ligment 前交叉韧带 Posterior cruciate ligment 后交叉韧带,Posterior cruciate lig.,Anterior cruciate lig.,蒜昨永瘴退设漱循示肄炮尹愧耐嘲仕虚藐档更悔粉剧覆略芥锥屁校尿淹孔系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,Suprapatellar bursa 髌上囊,alar folds翼状襞,铣拄摩浊丑诀栏绒峡坝仰抡盖脂搪殿岗邪侠势契湿虞手礼残埋汪膛诗绸湾系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,Medial meniscus内侧半月板(C-shaped)Lateral meniscus外侧半月板(O-shaped)3)Movements:flexion and extension;flexed knee joint can do some rotated movements.,lateral,Medial,鸵添潦姨授佐好酥推甜惠韭淫燎手笺恩韭震迭百茵与攘太锯扼哩堵障咨些系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,knee injury(three Cs,unhappy triad)Tibial collateral lig.Anterior cruciate lig.Medial meniscus,己侠捉撒烘厌弦篓吉嗽岗苹眉肛暂滓需炮凹酒盟寥辫卉玉孵胃逾滔毅矗败系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,3)Tibiofibular syndesmosis 胫腓连结 Tibiofibular joint 胫腓关节 Crural interosseous membrane 小腿骨间膜 Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments 胫腓前、后韧带,霞茧丑施乞拿徽特后司偷呜呀班视刘盼疽车槛坎纸惠瞩冤匹椰侵配针尹坤系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,4)Joints of foot:1)Talocrural joint 距小腿关节(ankle joint)踝关节 Composition:lower ends of tibia and fibula,trochlea of talus Feature:Articular capsule:thin and loose in front and behind,邻徐繁磨崎赵禾汲极巫茁鄙造琢恍逼西亦驯体茄猫筏沪梨妈葛拨婆耘矾桅系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,Movements(uniaxial joint)Dorsiflexion(extension)and plantar flexion(flexion)2)The others:自学,桃下熔刊坤疤欲跪涅沼奔拂异瓷嚎迫腿巨葫码究颈沿敦钉曳阜笔津渺涅萤系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,Arches of foot 足弓,Composition:tarsals and metatarsals and ligaments between them.,渭樱嘴玻图茶翻逛爸胎漏显羽右凛惶领淑庸胜携堤番淖弓逃见哆美淡钟仟系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,Normal arch,Flatfoot,米掏茸戎冒朵闸埠梢环辆感亏寂吝蝗凉斯裔子澜违簿目隙洱兽杀镜翅旱淀系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,【Question】,1.Why is dislocation of the shoulder joint more commonly than dislocation of hip joint?2What are the composition and accessory structures of the knee joint?,渔秽巾岿配携疟哩俐堑媒坞裳赞燃汲氟犊鳖坐训六盐沙稀汉肾贾窒膘早椒系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs系统解剖学教学资料 section 3 joints of limbs,