并列句和状语从句（共54张PPT）.ppt

并列句和状语从句,本节目录,语法精讲考点整合,语法专练知能闯关,考点一并列句并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句由并列连词连在一起。常用的并列句如下：1表递进关系：用来表递进关系的并列连词有and，not only.but also.，neither.nor.，not.but.等。He had plenty of money and he spent it freely.他有足够的钱，可以随便花。Not only did he speak more correctly，but also he spoke more easily.他不仅说得更正确，而且说得更轻松。,2表选择关系：常用的并列连词有or，either.or.，otherwise等。Either you are right，or I am.要么你对，要么我对。Dont drive so fast or/otherwise youll have an accident.不要开那么快，否则你会出事的。3表转折关系：常用的并列连词有but，yet，whereas，while等。Jane said she was ill，yet I saw her in the street just now.简说她病了，但刚才我在街上看到了她。Some men are rich，while/whereas others are poor.一些人很富有但其他人很贫穷。,4表因果关系：常用的并列连词有so，for。It must have rained last night for it is wet all over.昨晚一定下雨了，到处都这么湿。The shops were closed so I didnt get any milk.商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。5when还可用作并列连词，其意义为“那时，这时”，相当于and at this/that time。常用于下列句式：sb.was doing sth.when.sb.was about to/going to do/on the point of doing sth.when.sb.had just done sth.when.。,We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我们正在开会，这时突然有人闯了进来。We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.我们正打算动身，突然下起了雨。6while作为并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。He likes pop music，while I am fond of folk music.他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。,【典例】(2012高考四川卷)At school，some students are active _ some are shy，yet they can be good friends with one another.AwhileBalthoughCso Das【解析】选A。本题考查连词。句意：在学校里，一些学生是活跃的，而一些学生是腼腆的，然而他们彼此之间可以成为好朋友。some students are active与some are shy为对比关系，故选A项，while可以连接并列分句，表对比。【易错剖析】本题容易误选D，将后半部分理解成了让步状语从句，让步状语从句强调的是上下文的转折关系，重在转折后的内容，而本句子重在前后两句的对比。,触类旁通1(2013安徽凤阳艺荣高考辅导学校第一次月考)Smile，_ you will find life will smile at you.AtillBsoCand Dor解析：选C。句意：“(对生活)微笑，你就会发现生活也会对你微笑”。前后文是并列关系。2(2013北京市门头沟育园中学高三月考)I think John will make a good monitor，_ I wouldnt like to vote for him.Abut BsoCor Dfor解析：选C。句意：我认为约翰会成为一位很好的班长，否则我也不会投他的票。,3(2013安徽合肥一中高三第一次阶段性考试)We had just covered a distance of three miles _ the engine _ and the car came to a stop.Athen；was broken Bwhen；broke downCuntil；was failed Dsince；burst out解析：选B。句中when是并列连词“就在这/那时(突然发生了另外一件事)”。,考点二地点状语从句1引导地点状语从句的从属连词where，wherever指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时，从句须放在主句之前。如：We should go where the Party needs us most.我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and waited for her mother.那个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她母亲。Keep in touch with your family members wherever you are in the world.不管你在世界上的什么地方，都要跟家人保持联系。,2地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Wherever there is smoke，there is a fire.无火不生烟。(无风不起浪。)3注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句：你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(状语从句)Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.(定语从句),【典例】(2012高考四川卷)If you happen to get lost in the wild，youd better stay _ you are and wait for help.Awhy BwhereCwho Dwhat【解析】选B。本题考查地点状语从句。句意：如果你碰巧在野外迷路了，你最好待在原处等待救援。stay为不及物动词，表示“待在某处”，后需接地点状语，故用where引导地点状语从句。【易错剖析】本题容易误选C或D。把从句分析成了宾语从句，认为从句中缺少表语,所以用what或who，这样的话,句子的意义就讲不通了。,触类旁通1(2012东阿县一中高三九月测试)You should make it a rule to leave things _ you can find them again.Awhen BwhereCthen Dthere解析：选B。考查状语从句。状语从句Where you can find them again修饰动词短语leave things。句意：把东西放在你能再次找到的地方。故B项正确。,2(2013南京大学教育专修学院高三月考)Is there a bookshop around _I can buy an English and Chinese dictionary?Awhich BwhereCthat Dwhat解析：选A。这是一个“介词which”引导的定语从句，修饰先行词bookshop。句意：有没有一个我可以买到一本英汉词典的书店？,3(2013江苏省扬州中学质量检测)There he was，standing exactly _ I had left him，smiling proudly.Awhen BthatCin which Dwhere解析：选D。这是一个地点状语从句，说明动词stand的地点，所以用where。,考点三时间状语从句1when，while和as when引导的从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词；while引导的从句的谓语动词必须是延续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作的对比；as引导的从句的谓词动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词，有“随着”之意，多用于主从句动作的同时发生。When I lived there，I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。,Please dont talk so loud while others are working.别人在工作时，请别高声谈话。He hurried home，looking behind as he went.他匆匆忙忙回家去，一边走一边回头望。As time goes on，its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。,2as soon as，immediately，directly，the moment，the minute，no sooner.than，hardly/scarcely.when等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为”一就”。The moment I heard the voice，I knew father was coming.我一听到那个声音，我就知道父亲来了。No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我们一到车站，火车就离站了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。,3till，until和not(.)untiltill，until引导时间状语从句时，主句的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某一时间才停止”。not(.)until引导时间状语从句时，主句的谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“直到才”。not(.)until还可以用于强调句和倒装句。You may stay here until/till the rain stops.你可以在这里待到雨停。He wont go to bed till/until she returns.直到她回来他才睡。,4before和since若表达“没过就，过了才”之意,须用连词before,句式为“It was/will be时间段before.”；since意为“自从”，句式为“It is/has been时间段since.”。We had sailed four days and four nights before we saw land.我们航行了四天四夜才看到陆地。Before I could get in a word，he had measured me.我还没来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。It will be half a year before I come back.还得再过半年我才能回来。,I have written home four times since I came here.自从我来到这儿，我已经给家里写过四封信了。It is three years since I smoked a cigar(since I stopped smoking a cigar)我不吸烟有三年了。如果译成“我吸烟有三年了”，应为：It is three years since I began to smoke.,5every time，each time，next time，the first time等名词短语引导时间状语从句时，分别表示“每次，下次，第一次”。Every/Each time I was in trouble，he would come to help me out.每当我处于困境的时候，他就会来帮助我。Next time you come，do remember to bring your son here.下次你来的时候，一定记着把你儿子带到这儿来。The last time she saw James，he was lying in bed.上次她看见詹姆斯的时候，他正躺在床上。,【典例】(2012高考山东卷)He smiled politely _ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.Aas BifCunless Dthough【解析】选A。本题考查状语从句。句意：当玛丽因她醉酒的朋友向他道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。四个选项均为连词。if“如果”，引导条件状语从句；unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句；though“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。as可引导时间状语从句，表示主从句动作同时发生或前后紧接着发生，常常译为“(正当)的时候，随着，一边一边”，故只有as符合题意。,【易错剖析】本题容易误选B。把后半句理解成主句的条件状语，忽略了句子的时态是过去时，动作已经发生了。,触类旁通1(2013乐陵一中高三月考)You look unhappy，my son?Im wondering how long itll be _we come to China again.Asince BwhenCbefore Dafter解析：选C。本题句意为“儿子，怎么不高兴呢？我在想我们多久才能再来中国呢。”how long itll be before.多久后才能。,2(2013安徽桐城中学高三第二次月考)How long is it _you picked up your badminton training?It was not until my finance became better in last December _ I started the training.Abefore；when Buntil；thatCthat；when Dsince；that解析：选D。句意：自你重新开始羽毛球训练以来多长时间了？直到去年12月我的经济状况好转了我才开始训练。第一个空考查句型：It is时间段since.“自以来已有多长时间了”，第二个空是not.until结构的强调句式。,3(2013湖南衡阳市八中高三第一次教学质量检测)I had just got up and was about to cook my breakfast _ the telephone rang loudly，but it hung up _ I could answer it.Awhile；before Bwhen；untilCwhen；before Das；after解析：选C。第一个空when是并列连词,意为“就在这时”,第二个空before引导的时间状语从句，意为“还没来得及就”。,考点四让步状语从句和原因状语从句.让步状语从句1连词although/though(尽管，虽然)，while(尽管)，even though/even if(即使)引导让步状语从句。She is a crazy fan of this singer.Even if she listens to his songs hundreds of times，she will never get tired.她是这位歌星的疯狂粉丝。即使她已经把他的歌听了上百遍，她也从不厌烦。,Although the police thought he was the most likely one，since they had no exact proof about it，they could not arrest him.尽管警察认为他是最有可能的一个，由于他们没有确凿的证据，他们就不能拘留他。While travel can broaden your mind，I dont think its good idea to spend too much time and money on it.尽管旅游能够增长见识，但是我认为你不应该在这方面花费太多的时间和金钱。,2as引导的让步状语从句多用于书面语，语序要倒装。Difficult as the task was，they managed to finish it in time.虽然这项任务很难，他们还是设法及时完成了。Much as I like it，I wont buy the expensive car.尽管我很喜欢这辆车，但我不会买这么贵的车。3.whether(.or)引导让步状语从句,提供两个或两个以上假设。Whether I go alone or he goes with me,the result will be the same.我自己走还是他跟我一起走结果都是相同的。4由whever引导让步状语从句。Whatever happens(may happen)，dont be surprised.No matter what happens(may happen)，dont be surprised.不管发生什么都别吃惊。,.原因状语从句1引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because，as，since，now that，seeing that，considering that，每个连词的含义不尽相同。,Why are you absent from the meeting?Because I am ill.你为什么开会缺席？因为我病了。As it is raining，we shall not go to the park.由于在下雨，我们不去公园了。Now that/Since everybody is here，lets begin our meeting.既然大家都在，我们开始开会吧。2此外，when也可以表示原因，since“既然”；considering that“考虑到”。It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.既然你步行5分钟能到那里，却打的，真够愚蠢的。,【典例1】(2012高考陕西卷)Hot _the night air was,we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.Aalthough BasCwhile Dhowever【解析】选B。本题考查as引导的让步状语从句。句意：尽管夜晚空气燥热，我们仍然睡得很沉，因为长途旅行之后我们是那么疲乏。根据句意可知所填词表示“尽管”之意，且引导让步状语从句，由此排除D项；另外，分析句式可以看出，让步状语从句中提前了表语hot，而although，while引导的让步状语从句不倒装，故排除A、C两项；as引导的让步状语从句必须倒装，即将作表语的形容词或名词、修饰动词的副词或情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。,【易错剖析】本题容易误选A或C，没有看清although和while引导让步状语从句时须位 于从句的句首，只有as或though引导让步状语从句才能倒装。,【典例2】(2012高考重庆卷)Coach，can I continue with the training?Sorry，you cant _ you havent recovered from the knee injury.Auntil BbeforeCas Dunless【解析】选C。本题考查连词。句意：“教练，我可以继续训练吗？”“抱歉，你不能，因为你膝盖伤还没有恢复。”分析题意可知前后两句有明显的因果关系，故可选C项。as表原因，而A项until，B项before和D项unless都需后句用肯定才可与前句的you cant相符合。【易错剖析】审题时粗心大意，很容易误认为是not.until.句型，从而误选成A选项。,触类旁通1(2013安徽省江南十校新高三摸底联考)Youd better set aside some time every day for sports _ busy you are in senior 3.Ano matter BwhateverCeven though Dhowever解析：选D。however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter how。句意：无论你上高三有多忙，你都最好每天抽出点时间来锻炼。,2(2013湖南省重点中学高三第一次月考)_the peace of the countryside attracts many people,most farmers are eager to leave home and escape to the city.AWhile BBecauseCUnless DAs解析：选A。while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。句意：尽管乡村的宁静吸引了许多人，大部分农民还是渴望离开家乡进城。,3(2012杭州萧山区5校高三期中考试)Some Chinese students find it difficult to understand native speakers when in London.Exactly，_theyve learned a lot about grammar and known many words.Aif only Bnow thatCas if Deven if解析：选D。句意：一些中国学生发觉在伦敦很难听懂当地人说话。是这样，即使他们学了很多语法和懂得很多单词。even if“即使”。,4(2013安徽合肥八中高三第一次月考)The children look lighthearted _the final exam is over.Anow that Bas far asCup till Deven though解析：选A。now that引导原因状语从句，意为“既然，由于”。,考点五条件状语从句和方式状语从句1引导条件状语从句的连词有：if，unless(if.not)(除非)，so(as)long as(只要)，in case(万一)，on condition that(条件是)，supposing(that)(假设)，provided/providing(that)(假如)等。Youll fail the exam unless you study hard(if you dont study hard)除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格的。As long as you dont lose heart，you will succeed.你只要不灰心，就会成功。,Suppose/Supposing(that)they refuse us，who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？In case there is a fire，what will we do first?万一发生火灾，我们首先做什么？2引导方式状语从句的连词有：as，as if，as though等，多放在主句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。He is unhappy，though/although he has a lot of money.虽然他很有钱，但他并不幸福。,Although/Though it was raining hard，yet they went on playing football.虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。Even though/if it is raining，well go there.(陈述语气)即使下雨，我们也要去那里。Even if I were busy，I would go.(虚拟语气)即使忙，我也得去。Child as/though he is，he knows a lot.尽管他是孩子，但他懂得很多。Much as/though I like it，I wont buy it，for its too expensive.虽然我很喜欢它，但我不会买，因为它太贵了。,【典例】(2012高考江西卷)You can borrow my car _ you promise not to drive too fast.Aunless Beven ifCin case Das long as【解析】选D。考查状语从句。unless除非，如果不。如果用unless，那么句意前后矛盾；even if即使，引导让步状语从句；in case以防，万一，引导目的、条件状语从句；as/so long as只要，引导条件状语从句，符合句意和语境。句意：只要你承诺不开得太快，你就可以借用我的车。【易错剖析】本题容易误选A。原因是只分析出了这是一个条件状语从句，而没有确切理解句意，从句是个否定句,再用unlessif not，双重否定，就成肯定意义了。,触类旁通1(2013云南第一次高中毕业生复习统一检测)Roger had a GPS device fitted in his car _he lost his way in the city.Aso that Bnow thatCin case Das if解析：选C。句意：Roger让人在车上安装了GPS设备，以防在城市迷路。in case引导条件状语从句，表示“以防，万一”，符合语意。,2(2013安徽皖南八校联考)_ the organizers of“Love Parade 2010”，a music festival in Germany，did not ignore the warning that Duisburg was not a suitable place for the Love Parade，the terrible stampede(蜂拥)can be avoided.ASupposing BUnlessCProvide DIn case that解析：选A。句意：杜伊斯堡并不是一个适合举办“Love Parade”的地方，如果德国“Love Parade 2010”音乐节的组织者没有忽视这个警告的话,这个踩踏事件是可以避免的。supposingprovidedprovidingif，它们均表示条件。所以选A。,考点六目的状语从句和结果状语从句1引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that，in order that，for fear(that)，in case，lest等。Ill speak slowly so that you can understand me.我会慢慢说，以便你能懂。In order that we might see the sunrise，we started for the peak early.为了能看到日出，我们很早就出发去了山顶。Mary didnt want to get out of bed，for fear that she might wake her baby(up)玛丽不想起床，担心吵醒她的宝宝。Take your raincoat，in case it rains.带上雨衣吧，以防下雨。,如：Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他挣这么少钱，以至于养不起家。,【典例】(2011高考上海卷)The police officers in our city work hard _ the rest of us can live a safe life.Ain case Bas ifCin order that Donly if【解析】选C。考查连接词组。句意：警察努力工作是为了让我们过上安全的生活。in order that含义为“为了”，引导目的状语从句。【易错剖析】本题容易误选D。句意正好理解反了，我们过上安全的生活是警察努力工作的目的而非条件。,触类旁通1(2013枣庄三中西校高三检测)They got up very early that morning _they wouldnt miss the first bus.Ain case Bas ifCso that Deven though解析：选C。从句不耽误第一班车是主句早起的目的，所以用so that“目的是，以便于”。,2(2013阜阳一中高三第一次月考)Liu Xiang had a painful and helpless expression on his face，_he was expecting trouble.Aeven though Bas thoughCso that Dnow that解析：选B。as thoughas if 引导方式状语从句。句意：刘翔脸上流露出痛苦无助的表情仿佛他已预料到麻烦。,3(2012成都部分高中高三教学质量检测)My suitcase was damaged on the journey home，_ the lid would not stay closed.Aso that Bin order thatCas though Dnow that解析：选A。句意：我的手提箱在回家的途中损坏了，结果盖子关不上了。so that在该句中表示“因此，所以”，引导结果状语从句，符合语意。in order that“为了”；as though“好像”；now that“既然”。,本部分内容讲解结束,按ESC键退出全屏播放,