福建大剧院超长结构无缝设计与施说工论文.doc

evaluation of scientific development. Nature security type-nature security is to maintenance people of health value for target, through strengthening security based management, and risk management, and equipment management and technology supervision, ensure production in the people, and real, and system, and system, elements security reliable, and harmony unified, full control various against factors, achieved thought no slack, and management no empty document, and equipment no hidden, and system no blocked, and unit zero non-stopped. Quality and efficiency-quality benefit is to adhere to the enterprise "survival, profit and development" business truth, adhere to the "all activity is economic activity, all costs can be controlled, money should not be wasted" management philosophy, management analysis, to improve management quality, improve cost control capacity and market competitiveness. Innovation of science and technology-science and technology innovation is to play the role of science and technology as the primary productive force, active use of new technologies, new materials, new processes, new equipment, increase investment in science and technology, strengthening scientific and technological training, speeding up transforming scientific and technological achievements, forming a number of proprietary technology, enhancing core competitiveness. Resource-saving-the-resources saving enterprise was to reduce coal consumption, water consumption, electricity at the core, enhance the operation of lean management to realize low consumption, high efficiency, reduce production costs. Second is to strengthen the business, financial, material, information and the optimization of organization and management, saving the internal transaction costs. Harmonious development of harmonious development-is to construct a "foreign" environment for development. "XING" refers to the "internal security firm and internal management of the internal management measures are effective, harmonious". "Foreign currency" means "Enterprise coordinating development of homeopathy, well, get along with the neighbors better." (B) XX 2013 five enterprises building intrinsic safety power company goals are: unplanned outage 0 times. Class of disorders 0, 0 is equivalent forced outage rate. No personal injury accident, material and equipment accidents do not occur, no fire, no environmental pollution accident. Enterprise integrated to achieve zero cases of violation, zero accidents, zero. Quality goal is: when generating capacity 7.5 billion-kilowatt, sales of over 7.11 billion kWh, total profits of 306.6 million Yuan, . BFS+、PI、MIS、SCM Information systems infrastructure, fully integrated information system to realize information resources sharing; to expand the breadth and depth of the portal system, information system of Enterprise Management Assistant role to play; to improve the day-to-day operation and maintenance operation record of promoting causes and transfer system; to strengthen the training福建大剧院超长结构无缝设计与施工福建省第一建筑工程公司 陈彩虹摘要：通过福建大剧院超长结构无缝设计的实例，介绍了膨胀加强带的设计方法、施工步骤和注意事项。关键词：超长结构、无缝设计、膨胀加强带The Seamless Design And ConstructionOf Ultra Long Structure In Fujian TheaterAbstract: Through the example of seamless design of ultra long structure in the Fujian theater, the text introduces the design method, the construction step and the regulation of the inflation strengthen belt.Keywords: ultra long structure，seamless design，the inflation strengthen belt1 工程概况1.1建筑概况本工程位于福州市五一广场南侧，南临规划中的海底路，西临广达路，总建筑面积为29712m2，建筑分A、B、C三个分区。其中A区为大剧院建筑面积为22865 m2，地下一层，面积3200 m2，地上四层，局部五层，面积19665 m2；B区为会议厅，多功能厅等，建筑面积为4202 m2，地下一层面积1100 m2，地上三层面积3102 m2；C区为多功能剧场及附属设施，地上三层，建筑面积2645 m2。1.2结构概况本工程为框架剪力墙结构体系，A区长117.5m，宽74m，高22.6m，局部高38m。B区、C区均为长59m，宽23m，高14m。结构安全等级A区、C区为一级，B区为二级，防水等级一级。砼强度：地下室底板C30、S8，外墙C40、S8。框架柱、剪力墙C40，梁板C35。底板厚900mm、800mm、400mm。1.3后浇带设计概况A区自地下室底板至上部结构标高12.95m，设计了二横一纵的后浇带，结构平面划分为6块。B区、C区均设计一条横向后浇带。后浇带砼浇注时间为两侧砼浇注后两个月。2 膨胀加强带取代后浇带的原由1、本工程结构复杂，施工难度大，后浇缝的保护、清理与凿毛非常困难。2、设计防水等级为一级，采用后浇带施工缝增多，留下渗漏水隐患。3、施工工期紧，结构为220天，而设计要求后浇带的填缝需待结构两侧砼浇筑后2个月方可施工，影响总工期。4、膨胀加强带技术已广泛运用，在包括北京西客站、福建长乐国际机场航站楼等100多个超长结构中应用成功。3 超长无缝结构技术3.1超长结构无缝设计裂缝控制的基本原理根据抗裂原理，只要控制混凝土的收缩与膨胀保持一个相对的范围内，结构是不会开裂的。常规的方法就是使用高性能膨胀剂。在混凝土中掺加适量的混凝土膨胀剂，通过水泥的化学反应，使混凝土产生适量膨胀，在钢筋和邻位限制下，在钢筋混凝土中建立0.30.8Mpa的预压应力，可大致抵消砼收缩产生的拉压力，防止混凝土开裂。同时，水化反应生成的钙钒石晶体属针状、棒状晶体，填充、切断、堵塞混凝土的毛细孔，使混凝土的抗渗能力大大提高。对于超长结构工程的无缝施工问题，目前已形成了较系统的经验和理论。膨胀剂在常规掺量下，一般可60m不设缝，当超过60m时，可采用“加强带”解决，带宽2m，“加强带”内大掺量，带两侧普通掺量。3.2掺建研牌HEA膨胀剂技术性能HEA膨胀剂是减免后浇带的设计技术，一定范围内可实现无缝施工。其技术原理是在收缩应力较大的区段给予较大膨胀应力，全面补偿混凝土超长结构产生的收缩应力，以膨胀加强带替代后浇带，通过HEA掺量设计混凝土的膨胀量。膨胀加强带间距为40m60m左右，带宽2m，膨胀加强带两侧铺设密孔铁丝网和8150钢筋加固，目的是防止砼流入加强带，膨胀加强带外用普通掺量的补偿收缩混凝土浇筑，混凝土膨胀率约（22.5）×10-4，加强带内用大膨胀率混凝土浇筑，混凝土膨胀率约为（2.53.5）×10-4，其强度等级比两侧提高5MPa。如此循环下去可连续浇筑100150m超长结构，而不设后浇带，参图1。由于混凝土供应或施工组织原因导致混凝土不能连续浇筑时，可用“间歇式无缝施工法”，详图2，即浇筑至加强带一侧作为施工缝，在下次浇筑混凝土前，把施工缝清理干净，凿去部分保护层，充分润湿混凝土界面，然后浇加强带，随后用普通掺量小膨胀砼浇注带外大面积混凝图2 “间歇式”底板无缝设计示意图（立面）图1 有防水要求的HEA无缝设计示意图（立面）土，如此循环下去。3.3由于墙体薄，面积大，养护困难，受到风速和大气温度影响大，容易出现收缩裂缝。因此，我们采用后浇加强带（2m宽），即分段浇注掺810HEA混凝土，养护14d后，用掺1213HEA混凝土回填。要设止水带。（见图3）图3 墙体的后浇加强带设计示意图（立面）3.4为确保福建大剧院地下室底板及墙板砼施工质量满足设计要求，我院提出在福建大剧院地下室底板及外墙砼中采用HEA膨胀剂和TW-10高性能泵送剂双掺技术方案，同时结合超长结构无缝设计裂缝控制原理，底板大约为40m60m设一条膨胀加强带，带宽2m，带两侧用孔径小于5mm钢丝网，带中用大掺量12%13%HEA膨胀剂，砼强度等级提高5MPa，带外用常规掺量8%10%HEA膨胀剂。4 本工程膨胀加强带和后浇膨胀加强带的设计4.1膨胀加强带和后浇膨胀加强带的位置设计依据超长无缝结构技术膨胀加强带和后浇膨胀加强带的间距控制在40m60m，总长控制在100m150m，原结构设计图后浇带设计的间距和位置均可满足“无缝设计”膨胀加强带的要求，平面布置参图4。supervision in large and medium goods vehicle. A is established large vehicles and small vehicles classification management of motor vehicle test mode, increased medium van car, and dangerous goods transport car, and school car test project; II is established motor vehicle test regulatory platform, achieved motor vehicle test full process video, and data remote regulatory; three is strictly motor vehicle identification management, equipped with unified of identification equipment and tool, using mobile identification Terminal, and law enforcement records instrument, technology identification means. As to 20XX years June 20 statewide motor vehicle keep volume for 567,408 car, and last year earlier than growth 75,814 car, growth 13.36%; this year January-June, vehicles management section and license archives management section total accepted the motor vehicle registration business 42,543 car times, which registered registration 6,905 car times, and transfer registration 3,592 car times, and change registration 1033 car times, and mortgage registration 696 car times, and cancellation registration 187 car times, and into business 980 car times, and Archives corrections 81 pieces times, and issued test qualified logo 25,429 car times, and other vehicles business 3,640 car times; supervision Survey Section relies on "motor vehicle detection remote issued test qualified logo software platform" supervision motor vehicle test, and identification situation 7418l liangci, investigation motor vehicle exception business 30 car times, his pards business warning 244 article, vehicles and driving people sound video regulatory screenshots 1852 Zhang, checks motor vehicle archives 716 pieces times, and medium bus, and medium above truck, and Of hazardous chemicals, vehicles and school buses and other key vehicle inspection record of 420. (C) based on their own, and strict adherence to defense, more cheating, false false fugitive suspects, robbery suspect vehicles and the Internet crackdown. DMV full play to the "first line of Defense" position control, investigating cheating, fake identification and robbery suspect vehicles through operational work, and carefully examine the documents and legal proof, check traffic violations, traffic accidents, the fugitive suspect suspected vehicles and theft than to work, further tight car, driving management business formalities review procedures. . Truck driver information management platform. Motor vehicles and traffic police departments, State transport authority to further clarify the Division of labour, implementation responsibility, strengthen our collaboration and management together, reinforcing the management of drivers on which strongly synthetic warfare and information warfare. 3 strictly implemented. From May 1 up, a is implemented complex road and bad weather driving exam, currently DMV is urged contractors party in treasures driving school increased simulation Highway, and continuous urgent detours, and snow days, and wet sliding road, and burst situation disposal, subjects II field to driving exam project, is expected154.2膨胀加强带和后浇膨胀加强带的配筋加强根据砼结构设计规范（GB50010）规定，原设计后浇带加强钢筋可以满足膨胀加强带加强钢筋要求，长度均应增加1200mm，参图58。4.3地下室膨胀加强带和后浇式膨胀加强带的设计及计算4.3.1地下室砼配合比设计（1）底板和墙板配合比设计 kg/m3强度及抗渗等级水水泥砂石子粉煤灰HEA膨胀剂TW-10泵送剂限制膨胀率×10-4C30、S8180320753108364265.76 2.1C40、S8190375704105675306.75 2.3（2）底板和墙板膨胀加强带和后浇带膨胀加强带配合比设计 kg/m3强度及抗渗等级水水泥砂石子粉煤灰HEA膨胀剂TW-10泵送剂限制膨胀率×10-4C35、S818034872110817042 6.26 2.8C45、S8190402674105480487.24 3.1备注：C35及以下可采用碎卵石，C40及以上采用碎石。4.3.2对掺有HEA膨胀剂砼（称为限制膨胀砼）抗裂计算对限制膨胀砼的抗裂计算，现行计算方法是反算砼设抗裂伸缩缝的间距，如果其间距大于加强带设置间距，则证明加强带设计作为防范措施，使抗裂更加保险。LL限制膨胀砼抗裂伸缩缝间距（m）H砼底板厚度，取900mmE砼弹性模量，取E3.5×104MPaCx水平阻力系数，取Cx1.5MPa/mm砼线膨胀系数，取1.0×10-5T综合温差arcosh双曲余弦反函数p砼极限拉伸值，取1.5×10-4综合温差：TT1T2T31815.21518.2则L因0，L 说明：采用限制膨胀砼在本工程可不必设缝。而现底板采取加强带和墙板后浇加强带做法是更保险的方法，是可行的。4.4上部梁板和剪力墙膨胀加强带、后浇膨胀加强带的设计和计算（1）本工程上部结构为普通砼，砼强度等级梁板为C35，剪力墙为C40，砼结构长度取91.7m（A区一条横向加强带两边结构长度之和）验算梁板是否会开裂方法是计算加强带之间的普通砼的最长收缩值max，如果max小于砼极限延伸率p，即砼梁板不会开裂。max式中：为砼板换取厚度，本工程板厚为120mm，与梁一起换算厚度取200mm；L结构长度，取加强带两侧结构长度之和为91700mm；砼线膨胀系数，取1.0×10-5；Cx水平阻力系数，楼板取1.2MPa/mm；E砼弹性模量，取3.5×104MPa；T综合温差；TT1T2T1砼施工期间变化温差，取18；T2砼收缩量温差，收缩按90d完成；混凝土的收缩混凝土90d的收缩率式中=为最终收缩（mm/mm），标准状态下=3.24×10-4；M1=0.9为水泥等级影响系数，M2=1.13为水泥细度影响系数，M3=1.2为水泥浆量影响系数，M4=0.93为不同配筋率修正系数；b为经验系数，一般取0.01；养护较差时取0.03，t为由浇灌时至计算时，以天为单位的时间值，这里取90d收缩值。3.0×10-4×（1e-0.01×90）×0.9×1.13×1.2×0.932.18×10-4T2/2.16×10-4/10-521.8 TT1T21821.839.8cosh双曲线余弦函数3.98×10-4（2）膨胀加强带和后浇膨胀加强带的配合比 kg/m3强度及抗渗等级水水泥砂石子粉煤灰HEA膨胀剂TW-10泵送剂限制膨胀率×10-4C45190408675105572497.202.8（3）加强带（限制膨胀钢筋砼极限拉伸值计算）pp×1.5×1.4式中：p加强带钢筋砼极限拉伸值p 普通钢筋砼极限拉伸值1.5砼徐变拉伸值增长系数1.4限制膨胀砼与普通砼拉伸值增大系数p0.5RL×（1P/d）×10-4式中：RL砼抗拉强度标准值为2.51MPa（加强带砼为C45）P配筋率，取0.8（加强带配筋率要达到0.8）d钢筋直径，板筋最大为12，d1.2cm则p0.5×2.51×（10.8/1.2）×10-42.09×10-4p2.09×10-4×1.5×1.44.39×10-4maxp结论，采用膨胀加强带，板砼不会拉裂。5 砼原材料选型5.1水泥本工程水泥选用福建“炼石牌”普通硅酸盐水泥，强度等级42.5。5.2骨料混凝土中采用吸水率较大骨料，干缩较大，骨料含泥量较多时，会增大混凝土的干缩性，骨料粒径较大，级配良好时，由于能减少混凝土中的水泥浆用量，所以混凝土干缩率较小，应选用堆积密度大，级配良好的骨料。本工程选用洪山桥碎卵石，闽侯碎石，闽江砂。5.3粉煤灰掺合料粉煤灰的水化热远小于水泥，掺加粉煤灰能减少水泥用量并有效降低水化热，另外，优质粉煤灰的需水量小，可降低混凝土单方用水量和水泥用量，还可减少砼自身体积收缩有利于防裂，同时，掺粉煤灰还能抑制碱-骨料反应，并防止因此产生的裂缝。本工程选用福建漳州后石电厂级粉煤灰。5.4外加剂为解决底板混凝土开裂和渗透问题，混凝土中必须掺入外加剂，但外加剂的选型十分重要。外加剂选型不当，往往起到适得其反的效果。根据省内众多工程地下室刚性防水施工的成功案例，针对福建大剧院地下室底板设计强度等级要求高，我院提出采用HEA膨胀剂和TW-10高性能泵送剂双掺技术方案（即地下室刚性防水掺8%10%HEA，加强带掺1213%HEA）。5.5本方案的技术特点HEA膨胀剂是以高铝熟料为主要原生产的具有良好膨胀源的混凝土膨胀剂，其特点是膨胀能量大，干缩小，掺入砼后自能补偿砼的收缩，达到抗渗防裂目的。6 砼浇捣及裂缝控制措施底板及外墙混凝土的施工质量是抗裂防渗成败的关键因素之一，直接影响工程的质量、经济效益及社会效益。6.1施工方法为避免混凝土产生冷缝，混凝土连续施工控制在浇捣后4小时内，对砼的初凝时间要求10小时。以后浇加强带及膨胀加强带分为施工段，每个施工段必须保证连续浇筑。底板浇筑时按“斜面分层，一个坡度，薄层浇筑，一次到顶”的浇筑方法。在每台输送泵软管出料口布置4台插入式振动器。同时，对分层砼进行2次振捣，即在浇筑上一层砼时，将振捣器卧倒，对下层砼均匀振捣一次后，立即浇筑上层砼。在振捣上层砼时，将振捣器再插入下层砼5cm深振捣。6.2采用的保温措施（1）地下室底板混凝土保温采用“保温、保湿、蓄热”方法进行保温。底板混凝土浇筑后立刻抹面，初凝前用塑料薄膜覆盖混凝土表面并紧贴到达保湿目的，以免水分快速蒸发导致开裂。注意在初凝前进行二次抹压收光以减少混凝土表面裂缝，终凝后在塑料薄膜上撒水养护，并在塑料薄膜上覆盖一层麻袋保温、蓄热养护。（2）地下室外墙混凝土保温采用带模养护的方法进行保温。地下室外墙混凝土浇筑后在模板上撒水养护，拆模时间要求在混凝土浇筑5天后，从而达到保温目的。6.3砼的养护（1）砼表面处理在浇筑后23h后，初步按标高用大木杠刮平，在初凝前用木抹子抹平提浆找平，待砼表面收水后，再用木抹子搓平，反复抹压不少于四遍，闭合收水裂缝。（2）地下室砼的养护对其抗渗性能影响极大，特别是早期湿润养护更为重要，养护期间砼表面温度与中心温度之差不大于25。湿润养护不少于14d。因为在湿润条件下，砼内部水分蒸发缓慢，不致形成早期失水，有利于水泥水化，特别是浇筑后的前14d，水泥硬化速度快，强度增长几乎可达28d标准强度有80%，由于水泥充分水化，其生成物将毛细孔堵塞，切断毛细通路，并使水泥石结晶致密，砼强度和抗渗性均能很快提高；14天后，水泥水化速度逐渐变慢，强度增长亦趋向缓慢，虽然继续养护依然有益，但对质量的影响不如早期大，所以应注意前14天养护。（3）混凝土浇灌的过程中，如遇风雨天气，应搭设防雨彩条布进行遮盖，同时周边做好明沟排水工作，防止雨水流进基坑内，保证砼灌的连续性和施工质量。（4）外墙养护。由于外墙的暴露面大，受风吹日晒影响，干燥急速，水分挥发快。外墙的养护也是一大难点。A、加长模板的留置时间。外墙模板的留置时间不少于5天，在5天内在模板内经常浇水进行湿润。B、模板拆除后，应立即覆盖毛毯，采用洒水养护，安排专人对混凝土养护进行检查，要保证面层湿润，每天至少喷洒三次水。7 膨胀加强带施工注意事项（1）当砼快浇筑到加强带位置时，应通知砼供应单位，供应加强带砼。（2）在加强带位置，砼应先浇加强带内膨胀砼，地下室底板较厚先浇厚度的一半。再浇加强带两边的砼的一半高度，然后再浇带内膨胀砼。总之，加强带内砼要比两边砼先浇。（3）后浇加强带砼浇筑前，应对加强带两侧结构面刷洗干净，不得污染和留有薄弱表层。（4）加强带砼应特别注意养护，砼浇筑后应立即覆盖塑料薄膜和毛毯，终凝后立即浇水养护。（5）为了使板墙能保水湿润，要求模板应进行浇水，同时至少5天才能拆模。8 结论按照无缝设计专利ZL93117132.6为依据，本技术的主要内容是以混凝土收缩的整体补偿为基础，通过混凝土结构内应力与应变的实验、分析与计算，确立了通过“膨胀加强带”的技术取消后浇带，实现超长钢筋混凝土的连续施工的设计施工方法。这种设计施工方法称之为“无缝设计施工方法”。理论上只要使|T|趋向p，arcosh，则可实现超长结构的无缝设计与施工。在混凝土中掺入适量的HEA膨胀剂，由于混凝土的限制膨胀可补偿混凝土的冷缩和干缩，此值计算量设计为p1.5/万，加入HEA膨胀剂的膨胀混凝土显著地减少混凝土的|T|（收缩值），从而设计和施工即可延长混凝土结构长度，理论上可施工无限长，如地下室底板等施工、使用环境基本稳定的结构实际施工超长结构是有理论保障的。