初中英语语法讲解以及练习题.doc

名词专有: 人/事物/地点/机构 Tianjin France the Great Wall Chinese普通: 一类人/事物 固有名称 个体:student table 物质:water air rain 抽象(动作, 状态, 品质):future help health 集合:class people family表示的事物的性质可数: a pen two boxes (可直接用数字计算的)不可数 ink work 用量数+of 表示数量 a piece of paper; a bottle of water; three cups of tea Here is a bottle of wine. There are four glasses of milk. I need a box of apples. There are two baskets of eggs on the table.可数名词:单数 复数: 规则与不规则 规则:直接 + s maps bags 以s x sh ch 结尾 + esbrushes watches boxes buses 辅音字母 + y 结尾, 把y 变 i + es cities families (boys) 以f, fe 结尾, 把f, fe 变 v + es knives leaves (roofs, handkerchiefs) 以o 结尾 + es potatoes tomatoes (pianos, photos, radios)不规则: children feet teeth mice men women Frenchmen (Germans, human beings)单复数一样: Chinese Japanese fish deer sheep形式单数意义复数: cattle police people The people here are very friendly.以复数形式出现: clothes, glasses, shoes, stockings, trousers His clothes are over there.名词所有格: 有生命的东西的名词 + s 表示谁的 Toms friends; the students books; the teachers office; the students reading room 表几个人共有一样东西: Bei and Rongs room is very clean. 表各自所有: Lius and Pengs mothers are both teachers.省略:避免重复 This is not my brothers glass but my husbands. 表示店铺, 某人家时the doctors (office); the Greens (house); the tailors (shop)指时间,距离的名词也可用名词所有格 Beijings population; five minutes walk; todays newspaper表无生命的东西的名词所有关系, 用of 形式The leg of the table; the cover of the book双重所有格: of短语 + 名词所有格 a friend of my sisters; a picture of Mrs. Wangs (a picture of Mrs. Wang)名词在句子中的作用 The teacher taught us an English song yesterday. My daughter likes Chinese. Linda was elected monitor. We named her Beibei. We would like to visit a car factory. John David, a famous America singer, died in an aircraft crash. 名词练习题例题:Please keep quiet. If you make a lot of , you may disturb others.A. voiceB. noiseC. soundD. singingWould you like some drinks, boys?Yes, , please.A. some orangesB. two boxes of chocolates C. some cakes D. two bottles of orangeThis is room. The twin sisters like it very much.A. Lucys and LilysB. Lucys and LilyC. Lucy and LilysAfter playing football for more than a half hour, the students took rest.A. a few minutes B. a few minutes C. a little minutesD. a little minutes1.There are fifty six in China.A. peopleB. peoplesC. peoplesD. of people2.There is not enough in the corner to put the table.A. placeB. roomC. floorD. ground3.The new pair of which I bought yesterday is made of .A. glasses; glassB. glass; glassC. glasses; glassesD. glass; glasses4.The Whites to China for holiday this summer.A. is going to flyB. flyC. are going to flyD. flies5.He told us he had some , some , two dogs, and a cow on his farm.A. sheeps; chickensB. sheep; chickens C. sheep; chickenD. sheeps; chicken6.There have been a lot of in our city since 1990.A, woman doctorsB. woman doctorC. women doctorD. women doctors7.These visitors are from . But they are probably not , because they speak .A. German; German; FrenchB. Germany; Germen; FranceC. Germany; Germans; FrenchD. German; Germans; France8.They got much from those new books.A. ideasB. photoC. informationD. message9.If there is a big football match, several will watch the traffic.A. hundreds polices B. hundreds policeC. hundred polices D. hundred police10.The old teacher is a friend of .A. my eldest brothersB. my eldest brotherC. my eldest brothersD. my eldest brothers11.This book will be in your studies.A. of great use B. of helpfulC. with care D. great importance12.The teachers who are coming to us are mothers.A. Rose and Dicks B. Roses and DicksC. Rose and Dicks D. Rose and Dick13.Is this newspaper?Yes, its my .A. todays; fatherB. todays; fathersC. today; fathersD. today; father14.The new shop sells clothes and shoes.A. womenB. womensC. womensD. womans15.It is about walk from here to the station.A. half an hoursB. a half hoursC. half a hoursD. half an hours16.What we are having today!A. the fine weatherB. a fine weatherC. fine a weatherD. fine weather( ) 1. _ are going to England for a holiday.A. The WangB. WangsC. The WangsD. The Wangs( ) 2. There are many _ in the school.A. women teachersB. woman teachersC.women teacherD. woman teacher( ) 3. _ turn yellow in autumn.A. LeafB. LeavesC. LeaveD. Leafs( ) 4. Will you please show me the way to the _ shop?A. shoeB. shoesC. shoesD. shoes( ) 5. Help yourselves to some _ , dear children!A. fishsB. fishesC. fishD. the fish ( ) 6. _ hard work it is!A. What aB. HowC. WhatD. How a ( ) 7. Do you believe that there are two _ in my class?A. MariesB. MarysC. MarysD. Marys( ) 8. His family _ a happy one.A. beB. areC. isD. was ( ) 10. My grandparents like _ very much, so they grow some in their _ garden every year.A. vegetable, vegetable B. vegetable, vegetablesC. vegetables, vegetablesD. vegetables, vegetable冠词不可独立使用,放在名词前 不定冠词a an 定冠词:the不定冠词用法: a + 一般名词 an + 发音以元音音素开头的名词 a house; a university; a book; an hour; an umbrella; an apple1. 第一次提到某人, 某物There is a ball under the chair.Mrs. Li is a math teacher.2. 代表某类人/物A horse is a useful animal.Even a child can answer this question.3. 表示每一的Take this medicine three times a day.4. 固定词组 (平时积累)have a rest; a long time; a few; a lot of; a bit; go out for a walk定冠词the 这个;那个;这些;那些1. 特指某个人/某物; 谈话双方都知道的事物; 重复提到过的人/事物They are playing basketball. The ball is hers.Would you please take the book to Mr. Liu?There is a table by the window. On the table there are some books.2. 用在世界上独一无二的事物前; 方位名词前Liu Beibei wants to visit the Summer Palace.The sun sets in the west.3. 用在单数可数名词前,表示某类人或事物The computer is a very useful machine.The elephant is bigger than the horse.4. 用在序数词,形容词或副词最高级或only修饰的名词前This is the first time he visits Europe.He is the best teacher they have ever met.She is the only teacher who has been to both America and Britain.5. 用在乐器前My daughter likes to play the piano.(表球类,棋类名词前不用)6. the + adj 表示某类人或事物the poor; the young; the wounded7. the + 姓氏复数形式, 表示一家人或夫妇The Greens are watching TV now.The Wangs are kind to us.8. 专有名词前The Yellow River; the Red Sea; The peoples Republic of China; The Great Wall.9. 习惯用语in the morning; in the afternoon; on the right(at night; at noon; at midnight)零冠词现象1. 表某一类人或事物复数名词前(泛指)Girls like flowers.2. 国名,人名前Mary likes to live in China.3. 名词前已有this, that, these, those, my, some, any, his等代词作定语修饰时I have no classes every Sunday.I have been teaching English in this school for eighteen years.4. 在抽象名词或物质名词前She and her husband both like music.(Tom likes the music of the film.)Paper is made of wood.5. 星期,月份,季节,节假日前I was born in November.It is very hot in summer here.6. 表头衔,职务前This is Mr. Liu, manager of this company.7. 三歺,球类前Have breakfast. Play foot ball8. 固定词组Go to school; work day and night; go to bed; by train India and China are of same continentA. /; theB. The; theC. /;/D. /; aWhat fine weather we have these days!A. a B. theC. / D. an Greens are on visit to a beautiful city in China.A. /; aB. A; theC. The; aD. the; /用适当的冠词填空，不需要冠词的空白处填“X”:1. The car is running about sixty miles hour.2. My friend is interested in _ science.3.Dont worry; we still have little time left.Hurry up; we have little time left.4. John is cleverest boy in his class.5. March 8 is _ Womens Day.6. Greens will come to see you tomorrow.7. Here is black blouse; _ blouse is hers.8. They always have _ bread for _ dinner.9. I prefer playing _ piano to playing _ basketball.10._ harder we study, _ more well learn.11.We cant see _ sun at _ night. A. a; / B. a; the C. the; / D. the; the12. Students often play _ volleyball in _ afternoon. A. /; an B. /; the C. the; an D. a; theIs Canada _ English speaking country. A. / B. a C. an D. the4. This is _ orange. It is _ small orange. A. an; an B. an; a C. /; the D. the; a5. _ UN report says that there will be standing room only on _ earth then.A. A; the B. A; / C. An; / D. An; the7. There is _ “x” in _ word “six”. A. a; the B. a; an C. an; the D. a; a8. Look! _ fine weather it is today! A. What a B. what C. how a D. how9. _ Yellow River is _ second longest river in China.A. The; the B. /; a C. The; a D. The; /10. John Smith is _ of the two young men.A. strong B. a stronger C. the stronger D. the strongest1. -What color is _ orange? -Its _ orange.A. an; an B. an; the C. an; / D. /; an2. Look! _ good time the children are having! A. How B. How a C. What D. What a3. London is _ capital of _ England. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; /4. Therere _ few mistakes (错误) in your homework. Dont make _ same mistakes again.A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. /; the5. _ Most of the students in our class go to _ school by bike every day.A. /; / B. the; a C. /; a D. the; the6. Dont give up. You can try for _ second time. A. the B. an C. a D. /7. She took me by _ hand and led me into _ room. A. my; a B. the; the C. a; the D. my; the8. What _ interesting game it is! It must be _ great fun. A. an; a B. a; the C. the; / D. an; /9. The house in _ front of the river is on _ fire.A. /; / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; a10. He often says _ rich should help _ poor.A. the; a B. a; the C. the; the D. /; /11. What can you see by the lake?I can see _ old man sitting on the chair. (2000杭州) A. a B. an C. the D. /12. Have you had _ lunch yet? -No, not yet. (2000广州) A. / B. a C. the D. an13. One morning he found a bag. There was _ “s” on the corner of _ bag. (2000甘肃)A. a; a B. a; the C. an; a D. an; the14. Theres _ egg on the plate. _ egg is for you. (2000内蒙古)A. a; A B. an; An C. an; The D. the; An15. Did you enter for (报名/进入，参加)_ high jump or _ 400-metre race? (2000上海)A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the16. _ old man in black has waited for you for half _ hour. (2001汕头)A. The; an B. The; a C. An; a D. An; 不填17. elephant is _ useful animal. (2002汕头)A. An; an B. An; a C. The; an D. A; an18.I saw _ story-book on the teachers desk? _ book is Li Mings. (2003汕头)A. a; A B. the; The C. the; A D. a; The19. There is _man over there, _man is from Renhua, and he is studying in _Beijing University.A. the, the ,the B. a, a, a C. a , the, the D. a, the, /( ) 1. Sunday is _ day of the week.A. oneB. the firstC. first D. the one ( ) 2. Which is _ , the sun, the earth or the moon?A. biggerB. biggestC. the biggestD. big( ) 3. There is a desk in his bedroom. On _ desk there is _ pencil-box.A. a, theB. the, theC. the, aD. a, a( ) 4. What _ good idea it is!A. aB. an C. theD. /( ) 5. Yesterday I went to _ school on _ foot.A. the, theB. /, /C. a, /D. the, /( ) 7. Though he is rich, he has _ friends.A. a littleB. a fewC. a lot ofD. few ( ) 8. There is a tall tree _ our classroom.A. in the front ofB. in frontC. in front ofD. at front the( ) 9. September 10th is _ in China.A. Teachers DayB. Teachers DayC. Teachers DayD. the Teachers Day ( ) 10. People often go skating in _ winter.A. /B. aC. an D. the代词人称物主指示反身疑问相互不定人称代词：数格人称主格宾格单数复数人称I teach them English.Do you want to go there with us?Who is that? It is me.Who are you? I am your new neighbour.I choose you four. The rest stay here.She is from China.Where is Liu Jing? He has gone to France.She bought a new watch last week, but she lost it yesterday.It is going to snow. (时间天气自然距离)It is sunny today. It is half past four. It is not far from my home to the school.Who is it? It is me. (指代不太清楚的人)Is it your new teacher?物主代词表达所有关系形容词性my your his her its our their 相当于形容词，作定语，后接名词名词性mine yours his hers its ours theirs 相当于形容词性物主代词名词My students, his familyTheir classroom is big. Ours is bigger. (our classroom)These books are not his. They are mine.There is something wrong with my car. Can I use yours?指示代词This that (时间空间距我们较近的人或事物)these those(时间空间距我们较远的人或事物)This/that is a horse.I like these but he likes those.What I need is this.Have you read those books?That/those 可代替前面提到过的名词以避免重复The weather of Tianjin is colder than that of Wuhan.The cars made in Japan are as good as those made in Germany.This/that 可用来表示程度Is she that tall?The book is about this thick.That可用来代替句子或句子中的一部分He caught a cold. Thats why he could not come.不定代词不具体指明代替任何特定的名词或形容词的代词some/any/no/nonesome/anysome用于肯定句中He has some English books, but he has not any French books.Any 用于否定句或疑问句中Do you have any paper and pens?Would you like some coffee?Some +单数可数名词表示某个Some lady asked to see you yesterday.There must be some reason for this.No/noneNo = not any 可数不可数名词None 主语宾语There is no money in the box.No car is 100% safe.None of them is/are good at English.She needs some money, but there is none at hand.All my friends like music. All my friends do not like music. Not all my .None of my friends like music.Many/muchMany +可数名词复数Much +不可数名词She has many friends.There is not much water in the bottle.Few/a few 修饰或代替可数名词Little/a little修饰或代替不可数名词主宾定数量相对而言He has a few friends, but he has few good friends.There is a little water here, you may drink it.There is little time left, please be quick.We have quiet a few books to read.（许多）We have only a few minutes left.Very few people know about it.There is only a little (very little) water in the bo