初中英语上海牛津九上Unit1知识点.doc

1at a time每次2no longer不再（ = notany longer）3go to sleep入睡；睡着4except for除.之外1).except for: 用于非同类事物，它的宾语与前述对象完全是两回事。例如： The room was very cold and, except for Jack, entirely empty. 这个房间很阴冷，而且除了杰克，完全是空荡荡的。 本句中，前述对象是“房间”，而除去的对象是"Jack"，两者毫无关系。 2).except:指同一类事物的总体中除去一部分，强调的是除去。如： He gets up early everyday except Sunday. 除星期天外，他每天早起。3).except that:表达的语意与except近似，只是后面要跟从句。如： He has always been in good health except that he has had a slight headache in the past few days. 除了在过去几天里有些头痛之外，他身体一直很好。 4).besides:强调“除此之外，还包括”。 She can speak French and Japanese besides English. 除英语外，她还会讲法语和日语。5come on得了吧6sothat如此以至于7succeed (in) doing sth.成功做8* come down the stairs下楼，相当于come downstairs 。9* go up the stairs上楼，相当于go upstairs。10* seconds later过了一会儿11* look down at 向下看着12* sail away驾船驶走13* pullinto 把拉进中14* on wheels装有轮子15* obey orders服从命令16* draginto 把拉进中17* make jokes about 取笑18* make sure确保19* climb out爬出来20* in the darkness在黑暗中21through a trick通过一个计谋词形转换1. cityn. 城 市citizenn. 居 民2. securea. 安全的securelyad. 安全地3. darka. 黑暗的darknessn. 暗处，黑暗4. celebratev. 庆 祝celebrationn. 庆祝会5. appearv.出现disappearv. 消 失6. includev.包括includingprep. 包 括7. maina.主要的mainlyadv. 主要地8. woodn.木头woodena. 木制的9. succeedv.成功successn. 成 功9. Troyn. 特洛伊Trojann.特洛伊人10. Greecen. 希 腊Greeka.希腊的重点难点1.But the captain was no longer listening.no longer = not.any longer不再(注意句型互换时的动词变化)no longer 不再（在句中通常放于助动词之后，行为动词之前）e.gAfter married to Lily, he no longer lived alone.= After married to Lily, he didnt live alone any longer.2.He looked down at the empty plain and, beyond it, at the empty sea.下面列出look 常用词组look up1) 向上看e.g. If you look up at the sky, you ll find itgsetting bluer and bluer.2) 查阅e.g. Learn to look new words up in the dictionary. Dont always ask others for help. look down向下看e.g. Youd better not look down, or you ll feel sick.look back1）向后看e.g. He looked back to see who called him.2）回顾e.g. Always looking back makes us go forward more easily.look out1)look outof 向外看 e.g. The boy looked out of the window and paid no attention to what the teacher had said.2）小心，留神e.g. Look out! The flower pot is falling. look around环顾e.g. He looked around to find a chair to sit in.look forward to sth. / doing sth.期盼e.g. I m looking forward to your invitation.look for寻找e.g. He is looking for a job with high pay, but its very difficult. look after照顾e.g. Don t forget to look after my fish when I am out.beyond 属于介词，同义词为on the far side of ，反义词为within3.Theyve taken everything with them.take something with somebody随身携带某物e.g. I m afraid I can t go home now. I forgot to take my umbrella with me this morning.with除了“和”的意思外还表示“用工具” , e.g. with ropes而 by 表 “用方式方法” , e.gby putting a program into it区别： take, bring, send, carry, fetchbringtake某人从某地带来某物某人将某物从某地拿走(亲自 )e.g. Please bring your book to me.e.g. Who takes the girl to school every day?send carryfetch某人将某物从某地拿走某人保持拿某物的状态某人往返一趟取得某物(派遣 )e.g. When will you send the letter to N.Y .?e.g. I ll carry the heavy bag for you.e.g. Let me fetch a drink for you.4.Outside the main gate of the city stood a huge wooden horse.a huge wooden horse = a huge horse made of wood5.You don t have to think. You have to obey orders.dont have to = needn t，而 have to ( 勉强的，客观原因造成不得不做的事) 相当于 must(主观意愿强迫去完成的事)6.Then the Trojans made sure all the gates of the city were securely locked, and they all went to sleep, including the gate guard.be securely lockedsecurely 此副词放于助动词后，行为动词前，在这里用来修饰被动态be locked8.It had returned in the darkness when the citizens celebrated inside.succeed in doing sth. 成功地做某事be successful in doing sth.e.g. He succeededin winning the golf game again.He was successfulin winning the golf game again.9.It s so big that they couldn t take it with them. 它是如此大以至于他们没法把它带走。So.that+否定句 =tooto如此以至于; 太不so.that+肯定句 =adj./adv.+ enough (for sb.) to doe.g. He is so young that he cant go to school.他不够年龄上学。=He is too young to go to school.=He is not old enough to go to school.语法 现在完成时现在完成时定义(一) ：表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。现在完成时结构：have/ has + 动词过去分词常与already, just, yet, ever, never 等副词连用。already 常用于肯定句，yet 常用于否定句和疑问句的句末。eg. - Have you had a shower yet?- Yes, I have already had a shower.- No, I haven htad a shower yet.现在完成时定义(二) ：表示在过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态，往往和since 及 for 构成的时间状语连用。since 用于某一特定时间之前，for 用于一段时间之前对 for, since 时间状语提问用how long.使用 for, since, how long时，动词需选用延续性动词。瞬间性动词 =延续性动词have gone to -have been instart/ begin - be onfinish-be overbuy- haveborrow-keepdie-be deadleave + some place-be away from + some placejoin-be in / be a member of5.区别： have been to, have gone to, have been inhave been to 去过某地（人已经从某地回来），属于瞬间性动词have gone to 去了某地（人还在去的路上，或已到达某地）属于瞬间性动词have been in 呆在某地（人在某地逗留）属于延续性动词（通常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用）6.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：相同点 ：两种时态的动作均发生在过去的时间不同点 ：现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果； 常用词already , yet , just, since, for, once一般过去时强调过去的时间发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在无关。常用词yesterday, last week, ago【例题精讲】例1.Mike _ as a chemistry teacher for over twenty years.has worked B. workedC. working D. Works例2. China _ six astronauts into space since 2003. sentB. will sendC. has sentD. has been sent例3. Bolt from Jamaica（牙买加）_ both the 100m and 200m records already.breaksB. brokeC. has broken D. will break例4. _ you ever _ for a newspaper? Yes. I think it's a good experience for me.Do, write B. Have, written C. Will, write D. Did, write例5. Great changes _ in our hometown in the past five yearsA. take place B. took place C. have taken placeD. were taking place【巩固练习】1. Id like you to tell me something about Shen Nongjia. Im sorry, but neither Jack nor I _ there. A. have been B. had beenC. have gone D. has gone2. Julie's father _ to London last month. He _ there three times.A. went; had gone B. has gone; has beenC. went; has been D. has been; had gone3._ your son _ a camera?No. He _ one this summer vacation.A. Has. .bought; will buy B. Did.buy; boughtC. Does .buy; bought D. Does .buy; will buy4. Recently many young customers _ to give up their old mobile phones and buy the new Iphone6. A. decide B. have decided C. had decided D. decided5. - Have you ever been to New York city? - Yes, I _ there twice. Its a modern city. A. was B. will go C. have been D. had been 12