初中英语-牛津译林版8AUnit2知识点同步梳理.doc

牛津译林版8AUnit2知识点同步梳理知识点一 Welcome to the unit-Reading 重点知识梳理1. Why dont dogs go to school , Eddie ? （P18） “Why dont/doesnt/didnt + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他”，意为“为什么不；为何不”，通常表示建议或责备。其中，“Why dont you + 谓语动词 + 其他”相当于“Why not + 动词原形 + 其他”。表示建议的句型还有：What/How about + doing. 如：Why dont you go to the party ? Why didnt you give them some advice ?2. They have to work harder . 他们不得不努力学习。（P18） have to do sth. 不得不做某事eg. She has to finish her homework before watching TV . The workers have to work for 12 hours a day without rest .have to 和 must 的区别：（1） must 多表示因主观需要或责任感的驱使而有必要或有义务去做某事，多意为“必须”；而 have to 多表示客观 存在的环境所限，即客观要求（无奈）而为之，多意为“不得不做某事”。如： I must clean the room because it is too dirty . （无人强迫） We must be there on time . （责任感的驱使） I have to leave school because my family is poor . （无奈）（2） must 没有时态的变化，而 have to 有时态的变化。如： Andy was hurt. The doctor said he had to stay in hospital for about two weeks . We dont have to go to school on Sundays .Whats .like? 怎么样？ 3. Its like watching TV , but there are fewer advertisements . 就像看电视，但是广告少些。（P18） fewer为few的比较级，意为“更少的，较少的”，修饰可数名词。如： I have fewer books than you . little的比较级为less，修饰不可数名词。如： There is less water in this bottle than that one .辨析：few 很少的；几乎没有的 表否定，修饰可数名词复数a few 少数的；几个 表肯定，修饰可数名词复数little 几乎没有 表否定，修饰不可数名词a little 一点儿；少量 表肯定，修饰不可数名词如：I am new in Nanjing . I have few friends here .There are few apples in the basket . You may eat them .There is little milk in the fridge . We have to buy some .His brother knows a little French .Thats the mixture of oil and water .4. Learning foreign languages is fun . 学外语很有趣。（P20）（1） learning foreign languages是动名词短语，“动词+ ing”构成动名词，起名词作用，但又带有动词的特征。动名词短语在句中作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。如： Reading in bed is bad for your eyes .（2） fun的用法 作不可数名词，表示“乐趣，享乐”。如： We had a lot of fun at the party . Have fun ! 作形容词，表示“有趣的，逗乐的”。如： This is a fun game . Swimming in the sea is great fun .拓展：funny adj. 滑稽的，有趣的 funny-funnier-funiest5. During the week , we can borrow more books from the school library . （P20）（1） “during + 某段时间”，意为“在期间”，有以下几种用法： 在的整个期间。如： Dont speak during the meal ! 在期间的某一时候。如： I went to visit the Great Wall during the summer holiday .（2） borrow. from.“从借”。如： I wanted to borrow some money from her , but she lent me nothing .拓展： lend（lend-lent-lent）是将被借者作为动作发生的主体，把某物借给他人，其后可以接双宾语，既可以是人也可以是物。常用短语：lend sb. sth = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人6. Near the end of the week , we discuss the books with our classmates in class .（P20）（1）near the end of. 意为“在快要结束时”。如： Near the end of the meeting , he told us the good news .拓展：（1）与end, begin 相关的短语：near the end of 在快要结束时at the end of 在的尽头,末尾at the beginning of 在.的开始at the foot of 在的脚下at the head of 在的头部at the top/bottom of 在的顶/底部in the end 最后（2） discuss意为“讨论，议论”，为及物动词，后可直接加宾语。discuss sth. with sb. 与某人讨论/谈论某事 名词：discussion “讨论，议论”7. Time seems to go faster when we are reading interesting books . （P20） Seem可用作连系动词或不及物动词，意为“似乎，好像”，常见用法如下：（1） “主语+ seem（+ to be）+ 表语”，表语多为名词或形容词，有时是其他的词或短语，以说明主语的特征或状态。如： Tom seems（to be）a very clever boy . Mr Black seemed to be quite happy .（2）“主语+ seem + 不定式”，此结构中的seem与不定式一起构成复合谓语。如: Mr Green doesnt seem（或seems not）to like the idea . The children seemed to be eating something in the room .（3）“It seems + that从句”，其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句。如： It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park .8. He often listens carefully to my problems and offers me help .（P20） offer，动词，意为“主动提出，自愿给予”，有“（主动）拿给，给予”的含义，相当于give，后可接名词或代词作宾语，也可接双宾语， 即offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb。 如：The girl offered the old man her own seat on the bus .【例题精讲】1. We study about ten _(科目) at school this term.2. Our _(地理) teacher is about 30 years old. We all like his lessons.3. In my family I have_(最少) money of all.4. Look! Hes writing something in his _(笔记本).5. At that time I was all by_(我自己) at home.7. We all_(钦佩) her for the way she saved the children from the fire.答案：subjects; geography; least; notebook; ; myself; 知识点二 语法讲解1. 数量的比较1）我们常用“more.than”和“fewer / less than” ,对人或事物的数量进行比较，表示“比.多”，和“比.少”如：He has more books than me .他的书比我多Tom is in fewer clubs than Jack.汤姆参加的俱乐部比杰克少We drink less coffee than tea.我们喝咖啡不如喝茶多l 注意：表示“比.多”时，无论可数名词或不可数名词都用more修饰，而表示“比.少”时，可数名词用fewer修饰，不可数名词用less修饰。2）我们常用“the most”和“the fewest/least”对人或事物的数量进行比较，表示“最多”和“最少”。如：Simon drinks the most milk.西蒙喝的牛奶最多She can sing the fewest songs in our class.我们班里她会唱的歌最少He finishes the least homework of us three.我们三个人里，他完成的家庭作业最少l 注意：表示“最多”时，无论可数或不可数名词都用most修饰，而表示“最少”时，可数名词用fewest修饰，不可数名词用least修饰。2. 副词的比较级和最高级有时我们对事物进行比较，还会用副词的比较级和最高级。如：Daniel drives faster than me.丹尼尔开车比我快She plays volleyball (the) best in her class.她在她的班级中排球打得最好l 注意：副词最高级前的the有时可省略。l 副词比较级和最高级的构成方法与形容词基本相同。规则原级比较级最高级单音节词大多数词后加er或estlowfastlowerfasterlowestfastest多音节词和部分双音节词在词的前面加more或mostbeautifullyquicklymore beautifullymore quicklymost beautifullymost quicklyl 其中常见的不规则变化有：wellbetterbest；badlyworseworst；farfurther/fatherfurthestfarthestl 有些词既可作形容词，又可作副词，如far、fast、hard、high、late、long、well。【例题精讲】1. Bob is _ (young) than Fred but _ (tall) than Fred.      2. Ying Tian is not as _ (tall) as Yong Xian.   3. Almost all the students' faces are the same but Li Deming looks _ (fat) than others.   4.Which is _  (heavy),a hen or a chicken?     5.- How _ (tall) is Sally?       - She' s 1.55 metres  _  (tall). What about Xiaoling?       - She' s only 1.40 metres _  (tall). She is much _ (short) than Sally.         She is also the _ (short) girl in the class.   6. He is _ (bad) at learning maths. He is much _ (bad) at Chinese and he is the _ (bad) at English.    7. Annie says Sally is the _ (kind) person in the world.     8. He is one of the_(friendly) people in the class, I think.  9. A dictionary is much _  (expensive)  than a story-book. 10. An orange is a little _ (big) than an apple, but much _ (small) than a watermelon.Key:1. younger,  taller        2. tall     3. fatter      4. heavier   5. tall, tall, tall, shorter, shortest       6. bad, worse,  worst   7. kindest    8.  friendlier          9. more expensive   10. bigger, smaller 知识点三 Integrated skills and task1. number(1)the number of 的数量 (谓语动词用单数形式) The number of the students in our school is about 1500 我们学校学生的数量大约是1500个(2)a number of 许多，大量（谓语用复数）A number of students are playing football 许多学生在踢足球2. Chinese students have more weeks off in the summertime than British students. （P25）中国学生比英国学生暑期多几周的时间。本句中have.off意为“放假”，通常把时间放在 have和off之间。例：Most students have 3 weeks off in winter in China. 在中国大多数学生在冬季都有三个星期的假期。Today is the first weekend I have off this summer. 今天是我暑假的第一个周末。【拓展】have.off中的off为介词时,意为“从脱落”，作 副词时，意为“距离；离开”。短语:take off脱下(衣服、帽子等），put off推迟；延期 take/hav&.off休息；不工作；放假 give sb. .off准某人的假例：Suddenly he fell off the tree. 突然他从树上掉了下来。The library is about five miles off. 图书馆离这里大约有五英里。根据汉语意思完成句子校长准了他三天假照顾他生病的儿子。The headmaster gave him_so that he could_ his sick son.答案： three days off; look after3. We have a monthly test on each subject.我们每个月对各门学科进行一次测试。（1）monthly “每月的”，由名词后加后缀-ly 构成，类似的词：weekly，yearly等（2）have a test on each subject “对每门学科进行测试”，介词on,”有关” I bought a book on Chinese history.4. I read very slowerly at first, but I am doingbetter now。at first 起初，刚开始at last = finally 最后，最终【例题精讲】A 根据中英文提示或句意写出单词。1. It is a very useful book for _ (语言) learners to improve their writing skills.2. The school for girls turned into a _ (for members of both sexes性别) one last year. All the students study together.3. The students have their _ (every week) class meeting on Saturday morning.4. Be careful, dont look _ the questions so quickly.5. Try to spend the _ money and buy the most things.Key: 1. language 2. mixed 3. weekly 4. through 5. least 课堂检测一、单选1. In sports meeting, Amy ran _. A. as faster as she can B. as soon as she could C. as fast as she could D. as sooner as she can 2. The boy is very fat _ too much food. A. So B. so of C. because D. because of 3. Which is _, the sun or the moon? A. big B. bigger C. biggest D. the biggest 4. I _ he _ right. A. think, isnt B. dont think, is C. think, dont D. dont think, be5. We _ here for three years. A. have been B. have come C. have came D. came6. My funny jokes made him _ A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughing D. laughed7.I hope you _ tomorrow A. to come B. are come C. can come D. come8. Im hungry, can I have something _? A. eat B. to eat C. eating D. eats 9. Betty is _ at swimming than running. A. good B. better C. well D.best10. We want someone else to teach us _ A. something different B.different something C. anything different D. different something11. Sorry, I left my homework at home.Never mind. _ it here tomorrow. A. Take B. Bring C. Carry D. Send 12. I have two pens. One is red, and _is black. A. other B. the other C. another D. others 13. Can you finish the work well with _ money and _ people.A. less; less B. less; more C. more; fewer D. less; fewer 14. _do you hear from your parents? Twice a week. A. How many times B. How soon C. How often D. How long 15. Jack usually chats _ the phone _ his friends. A. with; on B. on; at C. at ; on D. on; with1.C 2.D 3.B 4.B 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.A 11. B 12. B 13. D 14. C 15. D二、根据所给词的适当形式填空1.The girl never _(say) a bad word about anyone.2.Lily is a pretty girl. She looks _(pretty) when she smiles.3.The boy stayed in bed for several months and he looked much _(thin) than before.4.If you want to be healthier, you need to eat _(health).5.-How are you feeling now? -Im feeling even _(bad).6.This is one of _(interesting) books this year.7. Sandy is _ (thin) than any other girl in her class.8. Millie is a _ girl. She always does her homework _. (care)9. Mary is _ (friend) student in our class.10. My mother is always_ than others. She is _in my family. (busy)11. The Chang jiang River is the _ (long) river in China.   12. Sue is a little _ (beautiful) than her sister.    13. My room is not as  _  (big) as my brother' s.    14.-How difficult is physics?       -I' m not sure.       - Is it _ (difficult) than maths?        - I dont think so. 15. -Annie plays the piano very _ (well).      - Sue plays it _ (well) than Annie. And Sally plays it the _ (well).    答案：15. says; pretty;thinner; healthily; worse;67 the most interesting；thinner ；careful; carefully ；the most friendly/friendliest ；busier; the busiest 1115 . longer   more beautiful    big      more difficult        well, better, best  三、句型转换1. He likes baseball best. (同义句)His _ _ is baseball.2. Millie has more magazines than Kitty. (同义句)Kitty has _ magazines _ Millie.3. It is interesting to swim in the river. (感叹句)_ _ interesting thing it is to swim in the river.4. The summer of teachers in my school is 95. (划线部分填空)_ _ the number of teachers in your school?5. He did his homework yesterday evening. (否定句)He _ _ his homework yesterday evening.答案：1. favourite sport 2. fewer than 3. What an 4. What is 5 didnt do课后练习完形填空 All over the world, people have all kinds of friends. Dogs are peoples honest friends. Cats, elephants, camels, horses, cows are peoples helpful and useful friends. But do you think that computers are peoples friends, too？Now let me tell you 1 about it. We live in the “computer age”. People, like scientists, teachers, writers and even students, use computers to do 2 work. But more than 30 years ago, 3 couldnt do much work. They were very big and expensive. Very 4 people were interested in them and knew how to use them. Today computers are smaller and 5 . And they can do a lot of work. Many people like to use them. 6 people have them at home. Computers become very important because they can work 7 than men and make fewer mistakes. Computers can 8 people do a lot of work. Writers now use computers to write. Teachers use them to help teaching. Students use them 9 and children use them to play games. Computers can also remember what you put into them. Computers are very 10 and helpful. It is true that they are our good friends. Do you think so?( ) 1. A. anything B. nothing C. something D. little( ) 2. A. many of B. all kinds of C. a lot D. very much( ) 3. A. scientists B. teachers C. students D. computers( ) 4. A. few B. little C. a few D. a little( ) 5. A. cheap B. cheaper C. expensive D. more expensive( ) 6. A. More and more B. Fewer and fewer C. Less and less D. More or les( ) 7. A. slow B. slower C. fast D. faster( )8. A. help B. make C. use D. stop( ) 9. A. study B. to study C. studying D. to eat( ) 10. A. beautiful B. careful C. useful D. wonderful答案：15 CBDAB 610 ADABD阅读理解 （A）When July comes, children know theyll have the final exams and the school year will end soon. Boys and girls will have a nearly two months holiday, and theyll leave school by train or by car to return home to see their fathers and mothers.The summer holiday is the best time of the year for most students. The weather is good, so they can spend most of their time playing outside .If one lives in the country, he can go on a trip into the woods or in the