写作点拨系列(四).ppt
写作点拨系列（四）段落写作之段落的展开,【核心点拨】段落的发展技巧较常用的有以下几种：按时间顺序展开、按空间顺序展开、按过程展开、举例等。1.按时间顺序展开 在叙述一个故事或者一系列事件时，通常按事件发生的先后顺序排列句子。在说明文中叙述做一件事应该遵循的程序或步骤时，也常用时间顺序法。,常用衔接词和短语 首环节first,at first,first of all,in the first place,to begin with等。中间环节second,secondly,in the second place,next,afterwards,after that,then,later,another,third,thirdly,still another,in addition,besides,furthermore等。末环节lastly,at last,finally,eventually,in the end 等。,2.按空间顺序展开 空间顺序指按物体的空间位置(自左至右，由近到远，由上至下，由下到上，由里到外，由外到里，由中间到两边等顺序)来展开段落。常用的衔接词和短语 be situated/located in/on/at,be surrounded by,next to,to the east/south/west/north of,close to,from.to.,above,over,under,below,between,across,opposite等。,3.按过程展开 描述涉及多个步骤，应该按照过程的发展顺序把这些步骤交代清楚，在这一类文章里常常用祈使句和不定代词“你”来表达。描述过程的常用衔接词和短语(1)Firstly.Secondly.Thirdly.Finally.(2)First,Then,Next,After this,Lastly.(3)Afterwards,Furthermore,Moreover,In addition to.,4.举例 举例法是一种常见的展开段落的方法，它用典型、具体而生动的事例来证明、阐述一个观点，支持主题句，使段落主题句具体化，使文章通俗易懂。但是，段落中必须精选例子，要做到恰如其分、准确地说明问题。举例法常用的衔接词(1)介词短语：for example,for instance,by way of examples等。(2)形容词短语：such as,such.as.等。(3)副词：as等。(4)动词短语：take an example,take.for example,draw an example等。,【对点训练】下面有五篇短文，在段落的展开方面各有侧重，请补全句子并标明属于哪类情况的展开技巧。1.I was far too happy that we made an appointment to visit Beijing together _(下周末).How I appreciate the opportunity to be your guide in Beijing!But Im afraid well have to make it _(下次),because Ill be meeting my uncle at the airport.He is on business from Australia,and will be home _(仅有两天).Its a rare chance for,next weekend,another time,for only two days,our family to get reunited since he left home ten years ago.I hope youll forgive me for not keeping my word.If its convenient for you,we can make it _(下下个周末),or you may make the choice,OK?答案：按时间顺序展开,the weekend after next,2.As a matter of fact,therere many ways for us to deal with our mental problems._(首先),we can turn to our teachers for help,including our psychology teacher._(其次),communication is of vital importance.When we have a talk or discussion about our problems with our friends or classmates,we can feel greatly relieved._(最后但同样重要的),we need to develop a positive attitude towards our studies and our life.Wearing a smile is not only a sign of friendliness but also a cure for bad feelings.答案：按过程展开,First of all,Second,Last but not,least,3.Australia _(坐落在太平洋的西部).It covers an area of 7.6 million square kilometers.It has a small population of over 10 million._ _(多数人靠海生活在这个国家的东部).Canberra,the capital of Australia,is a beautiful city.Sydney is one of the biggest cities in Australia.It has many places of interest.The Opera House is famous throughout the world.答案：按空间顺序展开,lies on the west of the Pacific Ocean,Most of them live,in the east of the country by the sea,4.Some high school graduates see a year off as a chance to recover after twelve years of required education,but it can also give students a chance to explore their interests.Students hoping to be doctors,_(例如),could learn about the profession by volunteering in a hospital.答案：举例,for example,5.Dear friends,Do you want to live in a beautiful world?So it is our obligation to maintain the ecological balance.To fulfill this task,we should bear the following ecological codes in mind._(首先坚持步行去学校的习惯),and we should eat at least five kinds of fruits and vegetables a day.Its also important to recycle everything recyclable and cherish our schools environment by picking up any litter and turning off the taps and lights._(让我们现在都采取行动)and contribute to the prosperity of our motherthe earth.Thank you!The Students Union答案：按过程展开,First,stick to the habit of walking to school,Lets all take,action now,
