3给水排水外文翻译外文文献英文文献.doc

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Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔between maize fields and the drainage network3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔F. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,13给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breton 34093, Montpellier Cedex 05, France3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔bUMR “Structure et Fonctionement des Systemes Hydriques Continentaux”, Universite´ P. et M. Curie 4, Pl. Jussieu 75252,3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔Paris Cedex 05, France3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔Received 5 October 1999; revised 27 April 2000; accepted 19 June 20003给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔Abstract3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔This paper puts forward a methodology permitting the identification of farming plots contributing to the pollution of surface water in order to define the zones most at risk from pesticide pollution. We worked at the scale of the small agricultural catchment (0.27.5 km2) as it represents the appropriate level of organisation for agricultural land. The hypothesis tested was: the farther a field undergoing a pesticide treatment is from a channel network, the lower its impact on pollution at the catchment outlet.3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔The study area, the Sousson catchment (120 km2, Gers, France), has a “herring bone” structure: 50 independent tributaries supply the main drain. Pesticide sales show that atrazine is the most frequently used compound although it is only used for treating maize plots and that its application rate is constant. In two winter inter-storm measurement exercises, triazine flux values were collected at about 30 independent sub-basin outlets.3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔The contributory areas are defined, with the aid of a GIS, as different strips around the channel network. The correlation between plots under maize in contributory zones and triazine flux at related sub-basin outlets is studied by using non-parametric and linear correlation coefficients. Finally, the most pertinent contributory zone is associated with the best correlation level.A catchment typology, based on a slope criterion, allows us to conclude that in steep slope catchments, the contributory area is best defined as a 50 m wide strip around the channel network. In flat zones, the agricultural drainage network is particularly well developed: artificial drains extend the channel network extracted from the 1/25.000 scale topographic map, and the total surface area of the catchment must be taken to account. q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔Keywords: Pesticide catchment; GIS artificial network3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔1. Introduction3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔The use of pesticides in western agriculture dates back to the middle of the 19th century (Fournier,1988). Since then, because of their intensive use,yields have increased and the demand for agricultural products has been satisfied. However, the pollution created by their use threatens both drinking water resources and the integrity of ecosystems. Therefore, there is a great demand for the reduction of pollution.The remedies lie in changes in the way that agricultural land is managed. The problem of agricultural Journal non-point source pollution by pesticides must be taken from the field, the level of action, to the catchment,the level of control of the water resource.3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔Between these two spatial scales, different levels of organisation can be found. Fields, groups of fields,basins and main catchment, can be viewed together as nested systems (Burel et al., 1992). For each scale level, the main processes governing water movement and soluble pollutant transport are different, as are the variables characterising the system (Lebel, 1990):flow in macropores at local scale, preferential flowpaths at the hillslope scale, flows in connection with3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔the repartition of different soils at the catchment scale,geology influence at the regional scale (Blo¨sch and Sivapalan, 1995).3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔At the field level, an experimental approach can be used and the relative weight of each variable can be experimentally tested (Scheunert, 1996; Bengtson et al., 1990). The major factors that concern agricultural practices have been identified and many agricultural management indicators have been developed (Bockstaller et al., 1997).3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔Nevertheless, this approach cannot be applied at the catchment scale for several reasons: the need to measure the pollution and the environmental factors simultaneously, multiple measurement difficulties, the complexity of analysis. The variability of observations has temporal and spatial components. Rain induces pesticide leaching and therefore causes3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔temporary high pesticide concentrations in the water; the closer the pesticide spreading date in the3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔field is to the measurement, the greater the concentration levels (Seux et al., 1984; Reme, 1992; Laroche and Gallichand, 1995). The extensive use of Geographical Information System (GIS) has made it possible to analyse the impact on the pollution of the spatial characteristics of agricultural zones (Battaglin and Goolsby, 1996). But so far, the results of these experiments3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔have only led to an approximate estimate of the risks (Tim and Jolly, 1994).3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔In order to progress in the search for ways to reduce pesticide pollution, it would be worthwhile to improve our assessment of how spatial structure and organisation affects the levels of pollutants measured.This paper presents the results of a study that concerns a particular aspect of the influence of spatial organisation on pesticide transfer: the effects of the distance between the cropland and the channel network. The longer the distance between a cultivated field and a river, the greater the retention and degradation processes (Leonard, 1990; Belamie et al.,1997). One might therefore imagine that the greater the distance, the lower the pollution level. However,3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔few studies have given a numerical value to the critical distance at which a field does not influence river pollution significantly. Usually, when dealing with risk zone definition, experts establish an arbitrary distance (Bouchardy, 1992). Our main goal is to determine through spatial analysis the critical distance from a hydrographic network. The zones most at risk from pesticides, including the plots, which contribute most of the pollution, can then be determined.3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,1aUMR “Systemes et Structures Spattiaux”, Cemagref-ENGREF 500, rue J.F. Breto漂喂蘑吟祁梁玲梳虑突侠捂柄少挚补棕机菱份籍碱警颈壶邻股径竣冈抗址尾豁夸鸿供洲柄矿撬剑邮罢害魄蜜亥阀脖釉显肃井裸干衫著狰究跺爬娥悔The study area, the Sousson catchment (Gers,France) has certain physical characteristics, which allows sampling of most of the independent subbasins, defined here as agricultural production zones. Its particular morphology made the comparative study of the production zones possible. The method involves a statistical comparison between pollution measurements and spatial characteristics of the catchments. In order to establish the boundaries of3给水排水 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 11Relations between triazine flux, catchment topography and distancebetween maize fields and the drainage networkF. Colina,*, C. Puecha, G. de Marsilyb,