阅读理解主旨大意题.ppt

高三英语专题复习,How To Get The Main Idea?,如何做主旨大意题?,题型及解题技巧,猜测词义,主旨大意,1,2,3,4,5,6,细节理解,观点态度,篇章结构,推理判断,阅读技巧,主旨大意,考查考生,技巧,加工与浓缩信息的能力,What is the main subject/the best title of the passage?Which of the following is the best title for the passage?3.The title that best expresses the main idea of the passage is _.4.From the passage we know that _.5.The main idea of this passage is _.6.The passage is mainly about _.7.Choose the best title for the passage.,Do you know the following sentences?,8.The best title/headline for this passage might be_.The text(passage)could be entitled_ Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?11.This passage chiefly deals with_.12.Whats the topic of the article?13.What is the subject discussed in the text?14.With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?,The position of the topic sentence,At the beginning,At the end,In the middle,No clear topic sentence,Rats are still almost as big a danger to people as they were long ago.They still spread disease and eat crops.Much of the hunger we have today is caused by rats.They eat half of the grain harvested in the world.,topic sentence？,_,Sample 1,主题句呈现的形式,主题句出现在文章或段落开头时，先提出主题,随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式。,A.文首,One of the most important weapons used during the Second World War was not a weapon used against people,but rather a drug used against disease.The wartime use of penicillin（青霉素）saved thousands of lives.In the First World War,for example,pneumonia（肺炎）was responsible for eighteen percent of all the deaths in the United States army.In the Second World War,the rate went down to less than one percent.,topic sentence？,Sample 2,Sample 3,Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious.The world population is rising so quickly that the world has become too crowded.We are using up our natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.If we continue to do this,human life on earth will not survive.,topic sentence？,Often no one looks more guilty than the innocent.On the other hand,nobody may look more innocent than a professi-onal criminal.And the man who knows“everything”may really only be trying to hide his own weakness.So,it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance,So,it is foolish totry to judge a person only by his appearance,Sample 1,主题句出现在文章或段落结尾时，在表述细节后,归纳要点,印象,结论建议或结果,以概括主题.这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。,B.文尾,On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin.Everyone was astonished to see him.There was just one problem.Merlin had no way to stop his roller skates（旱冰鞋）.He rolled on and on.Suddenly,he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall.Down fell the mirror,breaking to pieces.Nobody forgot Merlins grand entrance for a long time!,topic sentence？,Sample 2,We think of a flood or an earthquake as a natural disaster.To many of natures animals,however,the greatest disaster is the coming of large numbers of humans.When settlers came from the East to Americas great western plains,they killed millions of bison（北美野牛）,poisoned the prairie dogs（草原犬鼠）,and shot the coyotes（郊狼）.All this upset the areas balance of nature.For the animals,it was worse than a flood or earthquake.,topic sentence?,Sample 1,C.文中,当主题句出现在文中时，通常前面只提出问题，然后由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出主题,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展。,Nothing is as useful as a flashlight in a dark night if a tire goes flat.Few inventions are so helpful to a child who is afraid of the dark.In fact,the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations.Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand.A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.,Sample 2,topic sentence?,即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主题句.必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。,D.无主题句,Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A.Tom,who had studied at Paris Universities for four years,moved to another university.B.Tom became a lawyer since his graduation from Harvard Law School and later from Boston College.C.Tom was an excellent student when he studied at Berlin university.D.Tom received an excellent education.,detail,detail,detail,Sample 1,topic sentence?,Practice makes perfect,Practice练习,If you were planning to buy a television set,the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention:“Color TV.Only 79.Two days sale.Hurry.”However,when you go to the store ready to buy.You may discover that they are sold out.But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model.A much better set which is“just right for you”It costs 395.This sales trick is called“bait（诱饵）and switch”.Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement,and then they are switched to another more expensive one.Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.The paragraph could be entitled _.A.Buyer BewareB.Closeout(出清存货)Sale C.Crime Pays D.Buying a TV Set,This sales trick is called“bait and switch”.,Ex.1,topic sentence?,Reading is the key to school success and,like any skill it takes practice.A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other.A great athlete practices until he can play quickly,accurately(精确),without thinking.Tennis players call that“being”in the zone.”Educators call it“automaticity(自动).,Q:The first paragraph tells us _.what automaticity is how accuracy is acquired C.how a child learns to walk D.how an athlete is trained.,Ex.2,如何做主旨大意题,做此类题目时，第一：要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。第二：任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。,Summary,第三:要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。段落中心思想常常由主题句(Topic sentence)来表达。主题句常常出现在段首(60%-90%)或段尾处,有时也在段落中间。同样,一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此,在阅读中,我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。,注意事项,1所选有据，避免主观阅读他人作品，理解他人的意图，必须以作者的思维模式为准绳，以原文提供的事实、细节逻辑关系为自己思维活动的基准点，切忌把自己的观点和看法与原文或作者的观点和看法混为一谈，自以为是。文章中的数字、日期、时间、表限量的词或短语等都是设题的重点，若只注意明显的内容，正好走进实的陷井。若不注意虚的内容，想当然答题多半会错。因此，必须学会“虚实结合”,2符合原文的答案正确答案最佳答案 阅读题要求选的是最佳答案，有的答案从某个枝节来看是对，但从全文来看则不是最佳的。因此，必须通盘考虑，取主题，舍枝节。,3解题有法，但无定法，贵在得法。要答好阅读理解题，必须多读、巧读和善于思考。要不断扩大词汇量，拓宽阅读面，提高阅读速度，同时也要探索和总结适合自己的方法。实践出真知，多练出效益。,Homework:1.Finish the exercises on the paper2.Write a short passage.The beginning has been given:My deskate is a boy who is ready to help oters.,Thanks for your attendance!,