语法填空之考点分析.ppt

高考英语语法填空,考点解析,考点1:冠词,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)。1.(2015卷II62)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even _ most modern architects and engineers.,由其后面的“most modern”可知，这里是最高级，其前面通常用the。,the,2.(2014卷I63)Now,years later,this river is one of _ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.,在形容词最高级(most outstanding)前，一般要用the。,the,3.(2014样卷8)Alan:(opening the fridge door)Well,it wasnt me.But Mum,look!Are these your sandwiches here on the bottom shelf of _ fridge?,指说话人和听话人心目中都知道的“那个”冰箱，故填the。,the,当纯空格在没有限定词的名词前，特别是单数可数名词前，通常是填冠词，根据语境及定冠词与不定冠词的基本用法选用恰当的冠词。(注：限定词主要是指冠词、形容词性物主代词，以及some,any,another等不定代词)此外，这种情况下，也有可能要求考生填some,any,other,another等不定代词。,在下列各句中的空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)并说明理由。1.(2015广东卷)Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned _ farm which looked almost abandoned.,指拥有“一个”农场。,a,2.(2014广东卷)She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on _ top floor.特指“在顶楼”(on the top floor)。3.(2013广东卷)In the beginning,there was only _very small amount of unfairness in the world因a small amount of(很少量的)是固定词组，故填a。另外，a large amount of意为“大量的”，其后通常都是接不可数名词。,the,a,4.(2012广东卷)Mary will never forget the first time she saw him He walked in For some reason he sat beside Mary.But she quickly realized that it wasnt her,it was probably the fact that she sat in _ last row.,特指最后的那一排，用定冠词。,the,5.(2011广东卷)I sat next to the man and introduced myself.We had _ amazing conversation.,因为have a conversation 相当于have a talk，是固定短语，意为“谈话”。amazing以元音音素开头，故其前用an。,an,6.(2010广东卷)A young man,while traveling through a desert,came across a spring of clear water._ water was sweet.,特指前面提到的clear water，相当于“这”种清泉,故填The。,The,7.(2009广东卷)Besides,shopping at this time of the year was not _ pleasant experience:people stepped on your feet.,句中experience意为“经历”，是可数名词;由冒号之后的内容可知，一年的这个时候去购物并不是一次愉快的经历，表示“一次”用不定冠词，故填a。,a,8.(2007广东卷)the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to _ small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.,指将车拉到离那里大约有20公里远的“一个小镇”去修,表示“一个”用不定冠词，small以辅音音素开头，故填a。,a,9.So bright was _ moon that the flowers were bright as by day.因moon是世界上独一无二的事物，其前用the。10.Argentina is _ second biggest nation in Latin America.在表示顺序的序数词前，要用the。,the,the,11.As we all know,its one of _ nicest parks in the country.最高级前要用the。12.This is _ third time that Ive read the book.序数词前用定冠词the。,the,the,13._ Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.由普通名词构成的专有名词前一般要加the。又如：the Childrens Palace(少年宫)。14.Alexander Graham Bell invented _ telephone in 1876.表示整个类属，要用定冠词the。又如，The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.老虎面临绝种的危险。,The,the,15.Alice likes playing _ violin while Henry is interested in listening to music.表示演奏西洋乐器,乐器名称前习惯上用the。16.Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by _ hour.在计量单位名词前用the，表示“按付/租/卖”，这里是“按小时付款”。,the,the,17.The higher we go above the earth,_ rarer the air is.表示“越就越”用the+比较级the+比较级。18.Im sure that zero-emission vehicles may take _ place of todays cars in the near future.因take the place of(代替)是固定词组。,the,the,19.Its no trouble at all;on _ contrary,it will be a great pleasure to help you.因on the contrary(恰恰相反，与此相反)是固定词组。20.She planned to go to France to study French,but that is out of _ question now.因out of the question(不可能的)是固定词组。比较：out of question(毫无疑问，没问题)。记忆方法：没有the就没有问题。,the,the,考点2:介词,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)。1.(2015卷I66)For those who fly to Guilin,its only an hour away _ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.,指乘车一个小时的路程。表示交通方式的“乘；坐”用介词by。又如：by boat/bus/car/plane 乘船/公共汽车/小汽车/飞机，by air/land/sea 航空/陆路/航海。,by,2.(2015卷II67)_ the same time,they warm up again for the night.,因at the same time(同时)是固定词组。,At,3.(2014卷II44)When the bus finally came,we all hurried on board.I got a place next _ the window,so I had a good view of the sidewalk.,因名词the window在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语，很可能就是作介词的宾语；next to意为“在的旁边;挨着”,故填to。,to,当空格后的名词(一般前有限定词)、代词或动名词在句中不是作主语、表语，也不是作动词的宾语时，那就是作介词的宾语，即填介词。因为名词和代词最典型的用法是在句中作主语或宾语，既然不作主语和动词的宾语，那就是作介词的宾语了，所以要填介词。具体填什么介词,可能是由介词与该名词的搭配及其意义来决定,也可能是由动词或形容词与介词的句式搭配来决定。,从以上已考的三个小题来看，by car,at the same time,next to都是习惯搭配或固定词组。因此，对短语中的介词需高度重视。填入适当的介词，完成下列词组或短语。,1._ nine oclock在9点钟2._ Christmas在圣诞节3._ noon/night在中午/晚上4._ dawn/dusk在黎明/黄昏5._ the moment此刻6._ Sunday(morning)在周日(早上)7._ July 1st 在7月1日,表示时间的介词(2226除外),at,at,at,at,at,on,on,8._ the following day在第二天9._ a clear night在一个晴朗的夜晚10._ August 在8月11._ 2015 在2015年12._ the night of August 1st 2015在 2015年8月1日晚上13._ one time曾经，一度,on,on,in,in,on,at,14._ the age of 6在六岁时15._ the end of 在的尽头16._ the same time同时17._ times(=sometimes)有时18._ once(=immediately)立刻19._ present现在，目前20._ first在开始时,at,at,at,at,at,at,at,21._ last最后，终于22._ table在进餐23._ work在工作24._ school在上学25._ least至少，起码26._ most最多，至多,at,at,at,at,at,at,27.account _ your absence说明你缺席的 原因28.apply _ the post申请这个职位29.approve _ your choice同意你的选择30.ask _ sick leave请病假31.belong _ me属于我的，是我的,动词+介词,for,for,of,for,to,32.believe _ God信仰上帝e _ London来自伦敦e _ an old friend碰见一位老朋 友35.depend _ our parents依靠我们的父母36.deal _ an awkward situation处理尴 尬的局面37.concentrate _ my studies全神贯注于 学习,in,from,across,on,with,on,38.head _ the door向门口走去39.hunt _ a lost book 寻找一本丢失的书40.learn _ ones mistakes 从错误中学习41.look _ the problem调查这个问题42.look _ the children照顾这些孩子43.look _ a job找工作,for,for,from,into,after,for,44.lead _ an accident导致事故45.live _ ones salary靠工资生活46.operate _ her给她动手术47.meet _ misfortune遇到不幸48.pay _ the book给这本书付款49.prepare _ the exam为考试作准备,to,on,on,with,for,for,50.refer _ a dictionary查词典51.run _ a handsome boy追求帅哥52.send _ a doctor请医生来53.search _ the missing child寻找丢失 的孩子54.set _ solving the problem着手解 决问题,to,after,for,for,about,55.suffer _ headache患头痛病56.US stands _ the United States US代 表美国57.serve _ a gardener做园艺工人58.stick _ the rules坚持按规矩办事59.worry _ personal gain计较个人得失60.wait _ the opportunity 等待机会,for,from,for,as,to,about,61.break away _ a habit改掉习惯62.get along well _ him与他相处很好63.catch up _ him赶上他64.put up _ his cruelty忍受他的虐待65.go on _ his story继续讲他的故事66.look forward _ seeing you盼望见到你67.get close _ nature接近大自然,动词+副词+介词,from,with,with,with,with,to,to,68.pay a visit _ the seaside去海滨游玩69.go in _ sports爱好运动70.look out _ pickpockets小心扒手71.look around _ a room四处寻找房子72.look down _ him瞧不起他73.think highly _ his works对他的作品 评价很高,of,to,for,for,for,upon,74.pay attention _ your spelling注意你的拼写75.take care _ his elderly parents照顾他年迈的父母76.take advantage _ the Internet利用互联网,动词+名词+介词,to,of,of,77.make use _ reference books利用参考书78.make fun _ Mr.Smith嘲笑史密斯先生79.have trust _ his judgment信任他的判断,of,of,in,80.have difficulty _grammar语法方面 有困难81.shake hands _ us同我们握手82.catch sight _a car一眼瞥见一辆汽车83.get rid _ carelessness克服粗枝大叶84.take part _ a discussion参加讨论,with,with,of,of,in,85.take pride _ her success为她的成 功感到骄傲86.play a part _在方面起作用87.show an interest _ science对理科 感兴趣,in,in,in,88.have a talent _ singing有唱歌的天赋89.have a gift _ music有音乐的天赋90.have an effect _ her life对她的生活 有影响,for,for,on,91.keep an eye _ that fellow留意 那个家伙92.play a joke _ his colleagues开 他的同事的玩笑93.play a trick _ him捉弄他,on,on,on,94.adapt oneself _ the new surroundings适应新环境95.accustom oneself _ this lifestyle适 应这种生活方式96.devote oneself _ singing沉溺于唱歌97.apply oneself _ learning English致 力于学习英语,动词+oneself+介词(=be V-ed+介词),to,to,to,to,98.addict oneself _ drinking沉湎于饮酒99.abandon oneself _ sorrow沉溺于忧伤 之中100.bury oneself _ the books埋头于读书101.busy oneself _ the housework忙于家 务,with,to,to,in,102.be good _善于103.be curious _对好奇104.be busy _ sth.忙于某事105.be content _对满意106.be satisfied _对满意107.be popular _ sb.受某人的欢迎,be+形容词+介词,at,about,with,with,with,with,108.be patient _ sb.对某人有耐心109.be familiar _熟悉110.be angry _对生气111.be tired _(=be fed up with)对厌倦112.be tired _因感到疲劳113.be aware _知道，意识到,with,with,with,of,from,of,114.be fond _ 喜欢，爱好115.be proud _以自豪116.be afraid _害怕117.be full _充满118.be accustomed _习惯于119.be used _习惯于120.be related _与有关,of,of,of,of,to,to,to,121.be equal _ 等于，能胜任122.be absent _缺席，未到场123.be different _与不同124.be absorbed _专心于125.be interested _对感兴趣126.be rich _富含,to,from,from,in,in,in,127.be late _ 迟到128.be fit _适合129.be similar _与类似130.be surprised _对感到惊讶131.be strict _ sb.对某人要求严格132.be ashamed _对感到惭愧,of,for,for,to,at,with,在下列各句中的空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)并说明理由。1.(2015广东卷)He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby _ other food,表示交换用介词for。且exchange A for B(用A换取B)是固定搭配。,for,2.(2015广东卷)While making great efforts to run away,the cow fell over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make a living _ the cow.,既然母牛死了，这家人就是在“没有”母牛的情况下谋生了。,without,3.(2014广东卷)I didnt understand why this would happen and my credit card had already been charged _ the reservation.,因chargefor(为收费)是习惯搭配，故填for。,for,4.(2013广东卷)The only reason a man would sell salt _a lower price would be because he was desperate for money.,表示“以某种价格”,用介词at。at a lower price意为“以低价”。另外,句中be desperate for意为“极需”。,at,5.(2013广东卷)And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect _ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.因show respect for sb./sth.(尊重)是固定短语，故填for。6.(2012广东卷)The new boy looked at the teacher _ a few seconds and表示某个动词或状态延续了多久,用“for+时间段”。,for,for,7.(2011广东卷)I didnt want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didnt like leaving him _ his own either.,因on ones own(=alone)是固定搭配,所以填on。,on,8.(2010广东卷)His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his student very much for the sweet water.The young man went home _ a happy heart.,此处指这个年轻人“带着”愉快的心情回家。表示“带着”用with，介词短语with a happy heart作伴随状语，修饰谓语went home。,with,9.(2009广东卷)She found some good quality pipes _ sale.因表示“出售”的on sale是固定搭配,故填on。10.(2009广东卷)When Jane got home,with her small but well-chosen present in her bag,her parents were already _ table having supper.因at table表示“在餐桌边；在进餐”，是习惯搭配。,on,at,11.(2008广东卷)Chinese proverbs are rich and they are still widely used in Chinese peoples daily life._ these proverbs there are often interesting stories.,指“在中国的这些谚语的背后/里面”常常有有趣的故事，故填介词Behind或In。注意，在句首，要大写首字母。,Behind/In,12.(2008广东卷)He was very tired _ _ doing this for a whole day,but he felt very happy.,因“他感到很累”应是“在他做了一整天事之后”,表示“在之后”用介词after;另外be tired from doing(因做某事而累)是固定搭配，故也可填from。,from,after/,13.(2007广东卷)I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me _ a guest in their house.,由句意“把我当作客人来接待(receive sb.as)”可知填介词as。,as,14.(2007广东卷)When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village,I wanted to reward the old woman _ the trouble I had caused her.表示“因而酬谢/报答某人”是reward sb.for sth.，故填for。15.School life has a great influence _ the formation of a childs character.因have a great influence on(对有巨大影响)是固定搭配。,for,on,16.She made helpful comments _ my work.因make comments on(对的评论)是固定搭配。17.Poor health may be a barrier _ success.因barrier to(的障碍)是固定搭配。,to,on,18.You need a password to get access _ the computer system.因get access to(可以使用)是固定搭配。19.They united to find a solution _ their problem.因solution to(的解决办法)是固定搭配。,to,to,20.I dont know the answer _ that question.因the answer to(的答案)是固定搭配。,to,to,考点3:连词,在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）。1.(2014卷I64)But the river wasnt changed in a few days _ even a few months.It took years of work to reduce the industrial pollution and clean the water.,在否定句中起并列作用，用or。,or,2.(2014卷II42)There were many people waiting at the bus stop,_ some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.,前后是两个句子，应填连词；不缺句子成分，意义完整，再根据两句意义之间的逻辑性判断，是并列关系，故填and。,and,3.(2015卷I64)Id skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River _ are pictured by artists,引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是mountain tops and dark waters。,which/that,4.(2015卷II70)As natural architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly _ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.,在figure out(计算出)后应接宾语，又由the adobe walls needed to be可知，应是宾语从句；修饰形容词thick(厚的)应当用副词how。故填how引导宾语从句，表示“精确地计算出土坯房的墙需要多厚”。,how,5.(2014卷I67)Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit _ is driving your family crazy.,引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是a habit。,that/which,6.(2014样卷2)I made some sandwiches earlier and left them on the table _ I went to answer the phone.But someone must have taken them because theyre gone.,前后是句子，应填关联词；由句意与逻辑可知，应填表示“当时”的when。,when,1.若并列的两个或几个单词、短语或句子之间没有连词，可根据前后部分是联合关系(and)、选择关系(or)还是转折关系(but)，填恰当的并列连词。2.当空格前后都是句子(一个主谓关系算一个句子)，且这两个句子之间没有关联词时,就填关联词。具体填哪个关联词，由两个或几个句子之间的逻辑关系来决定。要分清主句与从句，弄清从句在整个句子中作何种成分，确定从句类型。,(1)在整个句子中作主语、宾语、表语、同位语就是名词性从句。(2)作定语叫定语从句。(3)表示时间、地点、原因、条件、结果等的从句叫状语从句。,3.还要考虑引导该类从句的关联词的使用特点。如：(1)引导定语从句的关联词一定是代表先行词并在从句中作句子成分的。(2)引导名词性从句的that没有任何意思，也不作任何句子成分,即句子结构和意思完整时填that;而if或whether有意思但不作句子成分;who,whom,which，when，where，how等则有意思也作句子成分。,在下列各句中的空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或所给词的正确形式，并说明理由。1.(2015广东卷)One day,the cow was eating grass _ it began to rain heavily.,因was/were doing sth.whendid(当某个动作正在进行时突然又发生另外一事)是固定句型。,when,2.(2014广东卷)our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week,_ for the week after.,因notbut(不是而是)是固定句型，句意为“我们的房间预订的不是那周，而是之后的那一周”。,but,3.(2013广东卷)Go to the village and buy some salt,but pay a fair price for it:neither too much _too little.,因too much与too little显然是两个对等的并列短语，根据neithernor是固定搭配，故填nor。,nor,4.(2008广东卷)He was very tired after doing this for a whole day,_ he felt very happy since the crop did“grow”higher.,空格前后都是句子且这两句之间没有关联词，故应填关联词；又因后句的“he felt very happy”与前句的“He was very tired”是转折关系，故填but。,but,5.(2015广东卷)When harvest came around,he was already selling herbs,vegetables and cotton in the market _ people from the towns met regularly.,引导定语从句并在从句中作地点状语，相当于in which(=and there)。,where,6.(2014广东卷)I didnt understand _ this would happen引导宾语从句，表示这件事发生的原因，故填why。7.(2014广东卷)The next day,my brother and I went to the beach,_ we watched some people play volleyball.先行词是地点the beach且在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where(=on which=and on the beach=and there)引导定语从句。,why,where,8.(2013广东卷)Nicks guests,_ had heard their conversation,asked why they should not buy salt more cheaply if they could.,主句是“Nicks guests asked”；显然，“Nicks guests”与“asked”之间是一个起补充说明作用的非限制性定语从句，先行词是人(Nicks guests)，并在定语从句中作主语，故填who。,who,9.(2012广东卷)_ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back,he was wrong.,因“he thought”与“he was wrong”是两个句子,且两者之间没有关联词，必定是填关联词;根据两句之间的逻辑关系，应填表示条件的If。句意为“要是他认为坐后排可以逃避(别人的)注意，那他就错了”。,If,10.(2012广东卷)Of course whenever they turned to look at him,they had to look at Mary,_ made her feel like a star.,引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子。,which,11.(2012广东卷)The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered _ the boy would do.,引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语，故用连接代词what。,what,12.(2011广东卷)My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _ the bus arrived.,空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词，故应填关联词；由两句之间的逻辑关系可知，是“等到车来”，表示“直到”用until，引导时间状语从句。,until,13.(2011广东卷)Behind him were other people to _ he was trying to talk,空格前后都是句子且这两个句子之间没有关联词，故应填关联词；后面一句应当这样理解：he was trying to talk to the people,由此可见,后面一句是定语从句，先行词是people,直接在介词后应用关系代词whom。,whom,14.(2010广东卷)He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _ had been his teacher.,因空格前后都是句子，且这两个句子之间没有关联词，故一定是填关联词；由句意和逻辑可知，“这个长者是他的老师”，因此可判断出空格后这个句子是一个定语从句，先行词是an elder，从句中缺主语；替代先行词且在定语从句中作主语，应填who引导定语从句。,who,15.(2010广东卷)We und