语法填空解题技巧 (2).ppt
高三总复习,语法填空解题技巧（一）,学习目标,1.学习语法填空纯空格式填空的6种做题技巧2.学习语法填空提示性填空-词类转换类的4种做题技巧3.利用课堂所学技巧独立完成相关 篇章练习,什么是语法填空题？,语法填空题是高考英语试卷中的五大题型之一，是2014年全国高考英语试卷里所采用的一种新题型,它把语法或者说语法规则灵活地放在了语篇里（也即语境）去测试考生运用语法知识的能力。全篇共设了10个空。每空1.5分，总分15分。,思考：高考英语试卷语法填空以什么方式出题？1首句不设空 2 语法填空题的考查方式，主要有两类自由填空类和提示性填空类,思考：自由填空类一般会考查哪些语法知识？此类题要求考生能根据上下文或句子结构，填入一个被漏掉的单词(通常是代词、介词、连词、逻辑关系词、冠词和一些特殊句式）。(6-8空）,思考：提示性填空类一般会考查哪些语法知识？考查的语言项目主要有：动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、（12空）词性转化，形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。（12空）,纯空格式的填空6种做题技巧 此类题要求考生能根据上下文或句子结构，填入一个被漏掉的单词(通常是代词、介词、连词、逻辑关系词、冠词和一些特殊句式）。,技巧1：缺主语或宾语一定是填代词或名词(多考代词),例1:(2010年广东高考)He asked his teacher,“Sir,the water was awful.Why did you pretend to like _”解析：不定式后动词like缺少宾语，应填代词；又从前面句子可知是说这水很难喝，学生是问老师为什么假装喜欢这水呢，确定填代词_代替这水。,it,例2.I once send a message to Kenya whenever I want to，and_ gets there in a second解析：and连接前后两个句子，and后面的句子缺主语，应填名词或代词；结合前一分句，不难推知，“马上可到达那里”的是the message，替代the message用代词_。,it,get的主语,例3(2009年广东高考)She did not hesitate for long:although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while,she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _.解析：不定式后动词please缺少宾语，应填代词；又从文章和句子意思可知是给父亲买礼物，使他高兴，确定填_.,him,技巧2.如果句子基本结构完整，名词前面无限定词（冠词、不定代词和形容词性物主代词），则设在该名词前的空格很大可能填限定词。,1.(2008高考）It was said that a short-tempered man in the Song Dynasty was very anxious to help _ rice crop grow up quickly.解析：名词rice crop前还没有限定词，应当填限定词；根据句意，这个急性子人当然是急于使“他的”禾苗长得快，故填形容词性物主代词_。,his,2.（2010高考）A young man,while traveling through a desert,came across a spring of clear water._ water was sweet.,The,技巧3.如果句子基本结构完整，名词或代词在句中既不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语时，其前面的空格通常是填介词。1.（2010高考）The young man went home _a happy heart.解析：a happy heart在句中不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语，空格处应填介词;根据句子意思“他怀着高兴的心回家了”，确定填介词_.,with,技巧4.如果两个句子（即两个主谓结构）之间没有分号或句号，也没有关联词连接或引导，则填并列连词或从属连词。,例1：(2008年广东高考)He was very tired from/after doing this for a whole day,_ he felt very happy since the cropdid“grow”higher.解析：两个句子间是逗号且无关联词连接，则空格处一定是填关联词；再根据前一句他感到very tired和后一句子的very happy得出前后为转折关系，确定填并列连词_。,but,(例2)(2009年广东高考)Jane paused in front of a counter_ some attractive ties were on display.解析：两个句子间没有分号或句号，也没有关联词连接或引导;分析句子意思可知后一句为定语从句，要填的词既引导了这个定语从句，又在此从句中作地点状语，确定填关系副词 _.,where,技巧5.填谓语动词中的情态动词或助动词,1.“_the novel also popular among college students?”he asked.2.“_a dead fly fly?”the little girl asked.3.What role _you star in in this movie?,Is,Can,do,技巧6:和it有关的一些特殊句型也是判断纯空格填空题的一个重要技巧。,A.根据it作形式主语或形式宾语的句型来判断空格处是否应填it.(例1)(2009年广东考)She remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.解析：分析句子可知，宾语从句中真正的主语是后面的不定式to choose，空格处应填入作形式主语的.,it,B.根据强调句结构“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子剩下部分”判断空格处填it还是that.,(例2)(2007年广州一模)and _ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG.解析：分析句子结构可知该句为强调句句型强调句判断方法:去掉it is/wasthat看句子结构是否仍然强调完整的方法来判断句子是否为强调句。,it,提示性填空类4种解题技巧,词类转换类 根据该词在句子中所作的句子成分确定用哪种词类，用哪种形式。主要是指形容词，副词，名词和动词之间的词性转化，形容词和副词的比较级和最高级。,技巧1.作表语、定语或宾补的，通常用形容词 This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their_(nature)course.,natural,技巧2.作主语、宾语的，通常用名词Jane knew from past experience that her _(choose)of ties hardly ever pleased her father.（2009 高考）,choice,技巧3.修饰动词、副词、形容词或整个句子的，用副词。1.His teacher took a deep drink,smiled_(warm),2.He must be _(mental)disabled.3._(fortune),nobody was injured and no buildings were destroyed.,warmly,mentally,Fortunately,技巧4.提示词为形容词或副词，重点考察它们的比较等级、形容词副词之间的词性转换，具体解题技巧如下：(例:2008高考)：He was very tired after/from doing this for a whole day,but he felt very happy since the crop did“grow”_(high).解析:由语境可知，他忙了一整天后很累，但是仍然感到很开心是因为庄稼被拔过后确实比之前“长”的“高”些了，这是省略了than before的隐性比较级，确定填_.,higher,语法填空答题步骤,在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意,有把握的空格可以先进行填写.在读懂短文的基础上,再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析,逐题解答。,高考连接-（2014高考真题),One morning,I was waiting at the bus stop,worried about _61_(be)late for school.There were many people waiting at the bus stop,_62_ some of them looked very anxious and _63_(disappoint).When the bus finally came,we all hurried on board.I got a place next _64_ the window,so I had a good view of the sidewalk.A boy on a bike _65_(catch)my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver,but he refused _66_(stop)until we reached the next stop.Still,the boy kept _67_(ride).another.,being,and,disappionted,to,caught,to stop,riding,Summary:纯空格式的语法填空技巧,1.缺主语或宾语，填.（常考）2.名词前,可能缺冠词、代词（常考）3 名词前，可能缺介词。（常考）4.在两个或几个成分之间、句子间填入.（常考）5.缺谓语动词中的情态动词或助动词 6.特殊句子中的搭配(如强调句句型）,代词,连接词,Summary:提示性填空类的语法填空技巧,技巧1.作表语、定语或宾补的，通常用.技巧2.作主语、宾语的，通常用 词.技巧3.修饰动词、副词、形容词或整个句子的，用 词。技巧4.提示词为形容词或副词，重点考察它们的比较级和最高级、形容词和副词之间的词性转换。,形容词,名,副,Summary,语法填空题并非太难，只要理解好全文大意，看清楚句法结构，掌握代词、介词、连词、冠词，词性转化，形容词和副词的比较级和最高级，动词的时态和语态，非谓语和一些固定搭配的用法便可以顺利完成。建议同学们根据自己的情况做相应的练习，夯实基础。,
