【高分指导】2015中考（人教版）英语复习+第一部分+第1讲+名词课件（共45张PPT）.ppt

第一部分,语法知识盘点,第1讲 名词,一、将下列名词归类,noodle,chalk,bread,pie,weather,pen,second,parent,newspaper,water,meat,factory,present,gold,computer,furniture,lemonade,friend,person,advice,promise,English,noodle,pie,pen,second,parent,newspaper,factory,present,computer,friend,person,promise,chalk,bread,weather,water,meat,gold,furniture，,lemonade,advice,English,二、写出下列名词的复数形式1规则变化,classmate_cup_wife_thief_watch_party_leaf_box_,minute_mirror_family_factory_photo_hero_knife_piano_city _,half_glass_match_potato_baby_key_brush_mouth_bus _,minutes,halves,classmates,mirrors,glasses,cups,families,matches,wives,factories,potatoes,thieves,photos,babies,watches,heroes,keys,parties,knives,brushes,leaves,pianos,mouths,boxes,cities,buses,2不规则变化,goose_woman_sheep_foot_deer_,man_people_child_tooth_mouse _,men,people,teeth,deer,geese,women,sheep,children,feet,mice,三、短语翻译,1.我妈妈的生日_2.教师节_,3.李明的卧室_,4.爸爸和妈妈的房间_5.三个小时的车程_6.一幅中国地图_7.我的一个朋友_8.这只小猫的名字_,my mothers birthday,Teachers Day,Li Mings bedroom,Mom and Dads room,three hours drive,a map of China,a friend of mine,the name of the cat,再现中考名词单复数,题1,(2013 年广东)Mum,Ive heard that we cant eat,_ these days.Is it true?Take it easy.It is safe to eat cooked meat.,AchickenCa chicken,BchickensDthe chicken,点拨选A。句意：“妈妈，我听说这些天我们不能吃鸡肉。是真的吗？”“放轻松。吃煮熟的肉是安全的。”chicken表示“鸡肉”，是不可数名词，故选A。,题2,(2012 年广东)The students of Grade 7 visited Mikes,farm and saw many _ there.,A birdCsheep,BduckDrabbit,点拨选C。根据句意“在农场看见许多的”可知用复数，sheep 的单复数形式一样，故选C。,名词所有格,题,(2014 年广东)Katherine was excited to receive a dozen,of roses from her husband on _ Day.,AWomanCWomans,BWomenDWomens,点拨选D。由语境可判断此处应用名词所有格表示“妇女节”，故选 D。,词义辨析,题 1,(2013 年广东)Tom brought a box of biscuits to a,summer camp.He ate a few and placed the rest under his bed.Afterlunch,he found the box was gone.He went to tell his camp _46_about it.“That would only make him hate you.I want you to write toyour mother and ask for more _51_.”,46A.cook,Bdoctor,Ccoach,Dcleaner,51A.gifts,Bbiscuits Ccandies,Dtoys,点拨46.选C。分析语境可知，在夏令营发现饼干不见了，应该告诉“教练”，故选 C。51选B。由上文可知是“饼干”，故选 B。,题2,(2012 年梅州)At the bottom of the _48_，there was,a notice that said,“If you do not see the dish you need on this menu,please tell us and we will add it to the menu right away.”,48A.menuCrestaurant,BdishDtable,点拨选A。根据后文“If you do not see the dish you need onthis menu.”判断，可知是“菜单”，故选A。,词语的用法,题1,(2014 年广东)Later,I worked in a small _76_，,serving the guests,cleaning up the tables,washing the dishes andsweeping the floors.点拨填 restaurant。根据“serving the guests,cleaning up thetables,washing the dishes and sweeping the floors”可知是在“饭店”，故填 restaurant。,题2,(2013 年广东)They were very sad and then threw rice,into the _74_ to feed the fishes so that they would stay awayfrom his body.点拨 填river/water。根据“to feed the fishes so that theywould stay away from his body”可知，应填与水有关的词。故填river 或water。,可数名词1.可数名词通常是个体名词和集体名词，可以计数，如：,treetreesfamilyfamilies,childchildrenclassclasses,2.可数名词由单数形式变为复数形式，其构成方法分为规则的和不规则的两种。,(1)规则变化,(以o 结尾的名词变复数),加-s：小马虎弹着钢琴(piano)听着收音机(radio)，又到动物园(zoo)和袋鼠(kangaroo)照相(photo)，最后考试得了个大鸭蛋(零分)(zero)。,加-es：黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)喜欢吃西红柿(tomato),和土豆(potato)。,(以f 或fe 结尾的名词变复数),树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄，妻子(wife)拿刀,(knife)上山冈，,架(shelf)后窜出一只狼(wolf)，好像强盗(thief)逃命,(life)忙。,注意：有少数以f 或fe 结尾的名词变成复数形式时，只加-s，如：roofs,gulfs,chiefs 等。但是，handkerchief/scarf 的复数形式可以是 handkerchiefs/scarfs，也可以是handkerchieves/scarves。,(2)不规则变化(需记忆),（续表）,(3)有些名词虽以 s 结尾，却并不是复数形式。,某些学科的名称。如：maths(数学),politics(政治),physics(物理),economics(经济学)。,某些活动的名称。如：politics(政治活动),athletics(体,育活动)。,某些国家或组织的名称。如：the United States(美国),the,United Nations(联合国)。,以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸、杂志名，也可视,为单数。如：,The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.天方夜,谭是一本很有趣的故事书。,news 为不可数名词，是单数。如：Good news spreads fast.好消息传得快。注意：(1)集体名词强调每一个个体成员时，是复数概念，作主语时谓语动词用复数；如果强调整个团体，则视为单数概念，作主语时谓语动词用单数。但 furniture,equipment,clothing一类的集体名词是不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数。(2)有些名词的单复数形式表示的意义不同。如：,some people 一些,two fish 两条鱼two fishes 两种鱼类人some peoples 一些民族,男女孩子的脚踩住老鼠的牙 manmen,womanwomen,childchildren,footfeet,mousemice,toothteeth；单复数同形的可数名词：中日鱼鹿羊，即 Chinese(中国人),Japanese(日本人),fish(鱼),deer(鹿),sheep(绵羊)；,各国人变复数：中日不变英法变，其他 s 加后面。即Chinese,Japanese 单复数同形；Englishman,Frenchman 中man变为men;其余各国人如German,American,Australian,Indian 等均在后面直接加-s。,典题分析,题1,(2013 年广安)Are there any _ in your,school?Yes,there are.,AGermen,BGermans,CGerman,点拨选B。由问句中there be 句型中的 be 动词用的复数are 可知句子中的名词是复数，German 的复数形式是Germans。故选 B。,题2,There are many _ playing on the playground.,AchildC.man teachers,BchildrenDsheeps,点拨选 B。分析题意可知本题应用复数，孩子的复数形式是 children，男老师的复数形式是 men teachers，sheep(羊)的单复数相同。故选 B。,不可数名词,1.不可数名词一般指物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词等，,没有复数形式，其前不能用冠词 a/an 或数词修饰。,常见的不可数名词有：food,meat,fish,chicken,pork,beef,mutton,drink,milk,tea,coke,water,rice,bread,homework,news,paper,ice,rain,snow,wind,air,weather,work 等。,分辨可数和不可数的八句歌诀,可数不可数好分辨，名词所示物分两半；如每半不能叫原,名，那该词可数最公平；,每半还能把原名叫，不可数名词就遇到；有的名词是两面,堵，意变不可数为可数。,注意：有些名词有两个或两个以上不同的意思，其中一个意思表示不可数名词，另外一个意思表示可数名词。如：,glass 玻璃a glass 一个玻璃杯glasses 眼镜paper 纸a paper 一份试卷，一篇论文room 空间，余地，地方a room 一个房间orange 橙汁an orange 一个橙子chicken 鸡肉a chicken 一只小鸡drink 饮料a drink 一份饮料fish 鱼肉fishes 鱼类,time 时间times 时代，次数,2.不可数名词量的表示,(1)不能与 a/an 或数词直接连用，但特指某物时可与 the 连,用。,(2)不可数名词的数量要借助一个量词来表达，其结构为,“数词/冠词量词of不可数名词”。如：,a piece of paper/bread/news 一 张 纸/一 片 面 包/一 则 新 闻,two small bowls of rice 两小碗米饭,注意：(1)加在不可数名词前的量词是可数的，所以当数词大于 1 时，量词要变为复数形式。如：,two cups of tea/coffee,两杯茶/咖啡,three glasses of water 三杯水four pieces of advice 四条建议(2)可数名词有时也可以用“数词/冠词量词(可数)of”结构来表示数量。请区别：,two boxes of chalk 两盒粉笔,two boxes of pears 两箱梨,3.不 可 数 名 词 前 可 用 much,little,a little,a lot of/lots of,some,any 等表示量。如：some/much money 一些/很多钱a lot of information 许多信息,典题分析,(2013 年遂宁)Im so hungry.Please give me _,题1to eat.,Athree bread,Bthree pieces of bread,Cthree pieces of breads点拨选 B。bread 是不可数名词，不能直接用数词修饰，因此 bread 后面不能加 s；不可数名词的计量形式为：基数词/不定冠词量词(可数)of 不可数名词，three pieces of bread表示“三片面包”。故选 B。,There isnt any _ in the fridge.We need to go,题2shopping.,Aoranges,Bmilk,Ceggs,Drices,点拨选B。根据题干中的 isnt any 可判断后接不可数名词；选项 A、C 为可数名词的复数，选项D 是不可数名词不能加-s，只有选项 B 是不可数名词的正确形式。,名词所有格,名词所有格用来表示名词和名词之间的所属关系。1.表示人或有生命物品的名词的所有格,（续表）,2.表示无生命物品的名词的所有格(1)一些表示无生命物品的名词的所有格要用“of”来表示前者属于后者的所属关系。如：,a map of China 一张中国地图the end of the term 学期末,the foot of the hill 山脚the leaves of the tree 树叶,注意：如果名词前有表示职业或称谓的定语修饰，尽管名词表示有生命的东西，也可用 of 表示所属关系。如：the story of Dr.Smith 史密斯博士的故事the speech of President Obama 奥巴马总统的演讲,(2)表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格等的名词的所有格,要用“s”来表示。如：,two pounds weight 两磅的重量ten dollars worth 十美元的价值,one hundred miles journey 一百英里的旅程a boats length 一条船的长度,seven days holidaya seven-day holiday 七天的假期six minutes walka six-minute walk 步行六分钟的路程,注意：一些名词表示所属关系时，通常并不使用所有格，,而是借助于某些介词。如：the key to the door 门的钥匙,the way to the school 去学校的路,the answer to the question 问题的答案,英语名词所有格，表示某物是“谁的”。所有格构成有方法，多数要把s 加。复数词尾有 s,只加撇号就 OK。名词若为无生命，常把 of 来运用。时间、地点和距离，所有格也可用s。,典题分析,题1,(2013 年随州)How far is your cousins home from,here?Its about two _ ride.,AhoursChours,BhoursDhour,点拨选C。由 two 可知 hour 应用复数形式，表示“两小时车程”应用名词所有格，故选C。,题2,(2013 年广安)Whose room is this?,Its _.ALucy and LilyBLucy and LilysCLucys and Lilys点拨选B。由is 可知是Lucy 和Lily 共用一个房间，故选B。,1sound,voice,noise,即景活用,(1)Mary is a famous singer.She has a good _.(2)Dont make so much _ in class.(3)Can you hear the _ of the water?,voice,noise,sound,2work 与job注意：work 也可用作可数名词，意思是“著作”。如：LuXun wrote many works in his life.鲁迅一生中写了很多部著作。work 还可用作动词，意为“工作”。如：He works in a bigfactory.他在一家大工厂工作。即景活用(1)You have done a days _ in three hours.,_？,(2)What does your fathersHe is a teacher.,work,job,3problem 与 question,即景活用,I have some _ in learning English,so I should ask the,teacher a lot of _ after class.,problems,questions,4home,house,family,即景活用,(1)We bought a new _ near the river.,(2)All my _ are watching the Spring Festival Gala(春,晚),(3)I miss my parents so much and I want to go _.,house,family,home,5human,people,person,注意：peoples 一般是表示“民族”。,即景活用,(1)The _ in my hometown are friendly.,(2)My friend Fred is a _ who may help you a lot.(3)The _ is different from the animal.,people,person,human,6road,way,street,(1)road 意为“公路，马路”，指两侧之间可供行人或车辆通过的宽阔而又平坦的大道。“在马路上”一般用 on the road。(2)way 意为“路线，路途，方法”，指从一地到另一地的路途或解决问题的办法。常用固定短语有：in this way(用这种方式),on the way to(在去的路上),get in the way of(挡道)等。,(3)street 意为“街道”，主要指两侧有房屋的道路。“在街,上”一般用 in the street。,即景活用,(1)Excuse me,could you tell me the _ to the post,office?,(2)When he went to work,he saw an old woman lying in the,_.,(3)The _ in this village is wider than before.,way,street,road,