【中考题型专讲】2015届中考英语专攻：短文填空（共20张PPT）.ppt
第 5 讲,短文填空,短文填空是中考中一个难度比较大的题型。它所涉及的知识面广，灵活性高，综合性也很强。它不仅考查考生在词汇、语法和习惯用法等方面的基础知识，还考查考生理解、推导、分析等综合能力。从表面上看它是考查考生对单词的辨认能力，而实质上它既考查了考生掌握单词的数量及准确性，又考查了他们对上下文以及词义的理解和判断能力，由此考查考生的知识记忆与再现能力。,一、解题步骤,1跳过空格，通读短文，了解大意。,解题时先跳过空格，通读短文，了解全篇的内容和要旨。要重视首句，善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点，理清文脉，推测全文时态、主题及大意。在通读过程中，若能够想到应该填什么的可以先直接填上，但后面要检查核对。,2复读短文，确定语义，判断词形。,把握短文大意后再认真复读短文，利用上下文的语境，结合所学过的知识，先确定空格处所需词语的意义，再根据空格在句子中的位置，判断其在句中充当的成分，从而确定所填词的词性，再依据词语搭配和语法规则，判断所填的词的正确形式。,3三读短文，上下参照，验证答案。,在短文的空白处分别填上一个词后，将完成的短文再细读一遍，上下参照，连贯思考。可从上下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章，语法结构是否正确无误等方面进行综合验证，凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。,二、解题技巧做好短文填空题要求考生具备扎实的语法基础、理解文章大意和主旨的能力，牢固掌握英语的习惯用法和固定搭配，熟记英语单词的拼写。做短文填空时可从以下几个方面着手：1从上下文的结构和语境方面考虑。有的空必须根据上下文的结构才能判断应该填什么单词。,day.,例,(2012 年广东)I have had a lot of(73)_ every,“I understand that it is important to do my homework”从而可确定填homework/schoolwork/work。,解析,根据短文可知此处需要填入一个名词，再根据下文,2从语法方面考虑。短文填空题所涉及的语法内容通常包括：名词的单复数、形容词和副词的比较等级、主谓一致、动词的时态和语态、冠词、介词和连词的选用等。,例1,(2012 年广东)The longer the holidays are,the,(78)_ homework I get.I really feel bad about it.,解析,根据句意可知要填形容词 much，又根据上文“The,longer”可确定此处考查的是形容词比较级的常用句型“the 比较级，the比较级”，表示“越越”。故此处应填more。,例2,(2012 年广东)I am looking forward to a holiday,(79)_ homework so that I can relax and have some timefor my hobbies.,解析,分析句子结构可知，句中缺少定语，故这里应填一,个介词，与 homework 一起构成介词短语作定语。又根据下文“Ican relax and have some time for my hobbies”可知本空应填表示“没有”作业的without。,例3,(2012 年广东)Im upset these days.I have,(71)_ problem,.,解析,名词前面一般填冠词或形容词，句中已有 Im upset，,故可确定应填一个冠词。problem 在此是第一次提及，故应用不定冠词 a。,解析,such as 意为“例如”，是固定搭配，故第77 空填,as。,4先易后难。,在做题过程中遇到个别空格填不出的，可以适当跳过，待全部完成后，再考虑填不出的空格，这样未知的信息就越来越少。当明确空格的意思后，可以把与表达此意有关的词罗列出来，找出最好的和最有把握的词填进去。,5检查错误。,在填完后，应该将短文重新审读一次，检查答案是否有不,合题意的或有语法错误等。,(一)2012 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试,Nov.26,2011,Saturday,Cloudy,I am upset these days.I have(71)_ problem,and I do,not,(72)_ how to deal with it.,I have had a lot of,(73)_ every day since I became a,Grade 9 student.I have no choice but to do it.I often stay up late tofinish it and then feel(74)_ the next day.,(75)_ I understand that it is important to do myhomework and(76)_ it in on time,sometimes I still dontwant to do so much homework.I almost have no free time for myhobbies,(77)_ as playing volleyball and ping-pong.Theworst thing is that I even have homework on weekends andholidays.The longer the holidays are,the(78)_ homeworkI get.I really feel bad about that.,I am looking forward to a holiday(79)_ homework sothat I can relax and have some time for my hobbies.What should Ido?I really hope that someone can give(80)_ somesuggestions.I am sure they will be of great value to me.,本文是一篇日记，主要写了一个孩子因为有太多作业而感到很累、不开心，他希望能够拥有一个没有作业的轻松假期，并希望有人能够给他一些建议。,71.a,名 词 前 面 一 般 填 冠 词 或 形 容 词，句 中 已 有,“Im upset”，故可确定应填一个冠词。problem 在此是第一次提及，故应用不定冠词 a。,72.know,根据 句意，此 处应 该是“我不 知道 怎样 处,理”，前面有“I do not”，所以后面应填 know。,73.homework/schoolwork/work,根据短文可知此处需要,74.tired/sleepy feel 是系动词，后面应接形容词，而根据上文分析，因为“我”经常熬夜完成作业，所以会感到累(tired)或困倦(sleepy)。故填 tired/sleepy。75.Although/Though 根据上下文的描述可知，本句应意为“虽然我知道做作业并按时上交作业很重要，但是有时我还是不想做太多的作业”。分析句子结构可知，此处填although/though。,填入一个名词，再根据下文“I understand that it is important todo my homework”从而可确定填 homework/schoolwork/work。,76.hand,联系上下文可知，本句句意为“按时上交作,业”。hand in 上交，是固定搭配。,77.such,such as 例如，是固定搭配。,78.more 根据句意可知要填形容词 much，又根据上文“The longer”可确定此处考查的是形容词比较级的常用句型“the比较级，the比较级”，表示“越越”。故此处应填 more。,79.without 分析句子结构可知，句中缺少定语，故这里应填一个介词，与 homework 一起构成介词短语作定语。又根据下文“I can relax and have some time for my hobbies”可知本空应填表示“没有”作业的 without。,80.me 根据句意，此处指“给我”，空格前面是 give，,故空格处应该填宾格 me。,(二),2011 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试,Li Ming is a middle school student.His 15th birthday iscoming on(71)_ 3rd.One day,Li Ming walked past theshoe shop at the street corner.Once again,he stopped to look at the,shop(72)_He felt happy to see the shoes that he wanted,very much were still there.He really wanted to have(73)_for his birthday.Looking down at his old shoes,he felt sorry forhimself.,He sadly walked away and thought(74)_ to tell hismother about it.He knew she would give him(75)_ heliked if she could.But he also knew very well she had little money,for that￥1299-Nike Shoes.He(76)_ not to go home at,once,as he didnt want to upset his mother.So he went to the park,and sat on the(77)_.There he saw a girl in a wheel,chair.He noticed that the girl(78)_ the wheel with herhands.Li Ming watched her carefully and was(79)_ to findthat the girl had no feet.He looked at his own feet.“Its much(80)_ to be without shoes than without feet.”hethought.There was no reason for him to feel so sorry and sad.Hewent away and smiled,thinking he was luckier.,李明想要一双很贵的鞋作为生日礼物，但他知道母亲并没有那么多钱，心情沮丧之余，他来到公园，见到一个坐着轮椅的女孩，想到自己没有鞋子比没有脚要好得多，于是心情豁然开朗。71.July 根据第一幅图下方的信息可知李明生日是在 7 月3 日，故填 July。,72.window,根据第二幅图可知李明是站在商店的“橱,窗”前看鞋子，故填 window。,73.them,根据上文可知李明想要这双鞋子作为生日礼,74.how 根据题干可知此处应填一个疑问词，构成“疑问词不定式”的结构，再根据下文可知李明是不知“如何”开口，故填 how。75.anything/everything 根据句意可知如果能力允许，母亲会给李明“任何东西/所有东西”。,因为不想让母亲为难，所以李明“决定”暂,76.decided时不回家。,物，因为鞋子是复数，故用代词 them。,77.grass/ground,由第三幅图可知李明是坐在了“草地,78.pushed/moved 由第四幅图可知，女孩坐着轮椅，那么她要前进就要用手来“推动”轮椅。,79.surprised,由第四幅图中李明的表情可知他发现女孩,80.better 由下文中的 than 可知应填比较级。比起没有双腿，没有鞋子自然是“好得多”。,上”。,没有双腿时是“惊讶的”。,
