高一英语主谓一致复习课件.ppt

主谓一致要点精讲,“一致”是指句子成分之间或词语之间在性、数等方面应保持一致。“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、性、数上保持一致，,一、主谓一致三原则 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。,1.语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。Tom is a good student.汤姆是个好学生。They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。2.意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。,3.就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如：Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。There is a pen and some books on the desk.,1.由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。The worker and writer is from Beijing.(那个工人兼作家)The worker and the writer are from Beijing.(那位工人和那位作家),Bread and butter is a daily food in the West.,Both Cathy and her daughter Linda have gone fishing in Canada.,常见的由and连接的指一个概念的有：the needle and thread 针线salt and water盐和水the folk and knife 刀叉 iron and steel 钢铁time and tide 岁月,2.everyone of one of each of either of neither of+复数名词作主语，谓语用单数。Each of the students has a book.Each of the girls likes dancing.One of them has been abroad.Neither of the two boys is good at English.,one of复数名词定语从句结构如果one前面没有限定词，这个句型中的“复数名词”是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数；如果one前面有the only,the first,the last,the right等限定词修饰，则one是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。John is the only one of the students who has the keys.John is one of the students who have the keys.,3.more than one,（不止一个）many a+单数名词（许多）作主语，意义上是复数，谓语动词常用单数。(形单意复),More than one student has tried.Many a student and teacher is watching the football match.Many a man has died in the war.,4.each/every/no/many a+单数名词 and each/every/no/many a+单数名词 作主语，谓语动词用单数。（每个）,Each book and each paper is foundin its place.Every boy and every girl has the rightto receive education.Many a boy and many a girl has seenthese painting.Every hour and minute is important.,第二个each,every,no,many a可以省略。,5.a+单数名词+and a half,a+单数名词+or two 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。,A year and a half has passed.一年半过去了 A day or two is enough.一两天足够了,one or two+复数名词,one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语用复数。,One or two boys know it.One and a half months have passed since I saw him.,none of.结构作主语指代不可数名词作主语，谓语用单数；指代复数名词作主语，强调全体，谓语用复数更好一些；着重个别，则用单数较好。None of the money is yours.None of us havehas ever been abroad.,6.all,none,some,any 等不定代词作主语，根 据其指代的内容而定。All are present.All the food tastes good.,7.“a number of复数名词”作主语，谓语用复数;“许多”“the number of复数名词”作主语，谓语用单数。“的数量”The number of traffic accidents has increased.A number of children like this song.,the quantity of+复数名词或不可数名词，谓语用单数。a quantity of+复数名词,谓语用复数。a quantity of+不可数名词,谓语用单数.quantities of+复数名词或不可数名词，谓语用复数。,Quantities of tea were sold last month.A large quantity of beer was sold out.The quantity of books in the library is amazing.,8.Quantity/ies of+名词复数/不可数名词,9.population 做主语指人口,谓语用单数；指人的行为、居民等，谓语常用复数；分数/百分数+of the population做主语，谓语用复数。,The population of the village is 538.One third of the population here are workers.,10.the Olympic Games,the Asian Games 做主语，谓语用复数。The Olympic Games are held every four years.,half most enoughpartthe rest the last lots some plenty 分数百分数,+of+名词作主语,谓语动词要和 of 之后的名词保持一致。,11.,Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea.Over twenty percent of the city was destroyed in the war.Forty-five percent of the doctors were women.Only 40 percent of the students in the class are boys.,12.集体名词class,family,army,team,club,population,enemy,party,crowd,majority,audience,government,public,group,committee等作主语。强调整体用单数，指个体成员用复数。His family is in Harbin.His family are music lovers.The committee was made up of 10 members.The committee were in the hall.,This class consists of 45 students.Mr.Green teaches it This class are all diligent.Mr.Green teaches them.,The team is the best in the league这个队在联赛中打得最好。The football team are having baths足球队队员们在洗澡。,1His family _ a small one2His family _ fat and short A.is,is B.are,are C.is,are D.are,is,此题应选C。family是一个集合名词，具有单数(侧重指整体)和复数(侧重指个体)两种可能。,但是并不是所有的集合名词都具有以上两种用法：1.有的集合名词总是用作单数(不可数)：clothing衣服，poetry 诗歌，baggageluggage 行李，furniture家俱，scenery 景色等。2.有的集合名词总是表示复数意义(但不用复数形式)：people人，police警察，cattle牲口等。,3.goods,clothes,glasses,shoes,scissors及trousers,chopsticks,compasses等以复数形式出现的名词作主语，谓语用复数；4.news,politics,maths,physics,plastics等形式为复数而意义为单数的名词作主语，谓语用单数。The goods belong to Mr.Wang.No news is good news.My trousers are new.,13.“theadj./v-ed/v-ing”作主语 the+dying,young,old,blind,rich,sick,wounded,poor及dead等词，相当于复数名词，代表整个类别，故作主语时谓语用复数。The old in China are living a happy life.The wounded have been saved.The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.,14.表示时间、距离、钱额、重量、空间,体积等意义的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数。,Eight hours of sleep is enough.A hundred miles is a long distance.Ten pounds was missing from my pocket.Twenty years has passed since he left his hometown.,15.动名词、不定式、从句做主语1).单个动名词或不定式作主语，谓语用单数。Making speeches is not her strong point.Growing flowers needs constant watering.,2).由that,where,when,whether,how等词引导的名词性从句作主语，主句的谓语常用单数形式。How they can finish their work is still unknown.Where we will go has not been decided.,When and where to hold the meeting _ not decided.When to hold the meeting and where to have lunch _ not decided.,is,are,4.)由what引导的名词性从句作主语，谓语一般用单数(表语是复数时也可用复数)；如果what从句是带有复数意义的并列结构，主句的谓语用复数。What they are after is money.What we want areis promises.What he says and(what he)does do not agree.,16.由or,eitheror,neithernor,not onlybut also,notbut 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常和靠近的作主语的名词在单复数上保持一致就近原则。Not only he but also I am invited.I or his brothers were to blame.Neither I nor he is to attend the meeting.Not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying the film.,Not only I but Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.(89)A.is B.are C.am D.be,析:由“or,eitheror,neithernor,notbut,not only but also”连接两个并列主语时，动词与靠近的主语保持一致。,B,17.当 there be/here be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。1.There is a pen,a knife and several books on the desk.2.There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.3.Here is a letter and a book for you.4.There are three chairs,two tables and a bike in the house.,18.主语后跟“with,along with,together with,like,unlike,besides,but,except,including,as well as,as much as,rather than,more than,no less than,and not+名词”结构时，谓语动词一般和前面的主语保持一致。1.The teacher with a number of students is in the classroom.2.Tom,as much as you,was responsible for the loss.3.He more than you is anxious to go there.,A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a giftA.is offered B.has offeredC.are offered D.have offered,19.谓语应该跟主语一致还是跟表语一致?,We Chinese _ a hard-working peopleA.is B.are C.is being D.are being,此题应选B。这里应注意的是：我们通常说的是主谓一致（即谓语与主语保持一致），而不是表谓一致（即不是谓语与表语一致），本题意为：我们中国人是一个勤劳的民族。,注意以下类似例子：These two dictionaries are a present for my best friend JimThe planets were the object of his studyThe most important thing I need is booksThe countrys leading export is watchesThe best part of the meal is the coffee and cookies,20。如果主语是由“a series of,a kind of,a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use.,1._ you or he the teacher of English?Neither my sister nor my mother _ present at the meeting.A.Are,was B.Is,were C.Are,are D.Is,is,A,Do Some Exercises,2.When and where to build the new factory_ yet.(91)A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided,析:当when和where加不定式指的是同一件事时，谓语动词用单数。,A,3.I,not you,_ in the wrong.Not I but he _ been invited.A.were,have B.were,has C.was,has D.was,have,C,4.E-mail,as well as telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.(99 Sh2)A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play,5.One or two days _ enough to see the city A.is B.are C.am D.be6.Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind A.is B.are C.am D.be,7.Not the teacher,but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film A.is B.are C.am D.be,8.His“Selected Poems”_ first published in 1965.78 A.were B.was C.has been D.have been,B,9.A woman with some children _ soonA.is coming B.are coming C.has come D.have come10.No one except my parents _ anything about this。A.know B.knows C.is known D.are known,No one knows anything about this except my parents.,11.The teacher as well as the students _ the book already A.has read B.have read C.are reading D.is reading12.All but one _ in the accident A.was killed B.were killed C.will be killed D.are killed,All were killed in the accident but one.,13.The number of people invited _fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A.were;wasB.was;was C.was;wereD.were;were14._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.99sh A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are,15.Mathematics _ the language of science.A.is B.are going to be C.are D.were,A,16.A good deal of money _ spent on books.83 A.have B.has C.have been D.has been17.On the wall _ two large portraits.A.hangs B.hang C.hanged D.hanging85,D,B,18.“_turn green in spring.86 A.Leaf B.Leafs C.Leave D.Leaves,D,19.Nobody but Jane _ the secret.A.know B.knows C.have known D.is known 20.All but one _ here just now.A.is B.was C.has been D.were,B,D,21.As a result of destroying the forests,a large _ of desert _ covered the land.01 sh A.number;hasB.quantity;has C.number;haveD.quantity;have22.Every boy and every girl as well as some teachers who _ to visit the museum _ asked to be at the school gate before 6:30 in the morning.A.are;areB.is;is C.are;isD.is;are,B,C,