外研高一必修4Module4.ppt

Book 4Module 4,Great Scientists,知识清单,(一)基本单词,1._ n生物化学2._ n生物学3._ n植物学4._ vt遗传说5._ n动物学6._ adj.主要的；重要的,biochemistry,biology,botany,genetics,zoology,staple,7._ n生产者8._ adj主要的9._ n人物10._ n绰号11._ n培育12._ n.(动物或植物的)种13._ n.产量14._ vt.出版,producer,leading,figure,nickname,breeding,species,yield,publish,15._ adj.(指生物)不孕育 的；不结果实的16._ n突破17._ vt支持18._ n产量19._ vt改变；转换20._ vt.出口21._ n.杂交种22._ vt.取代；以代替,breakthrough,support,production,convert,export,hybrid,replace,sterile,23._ n.数量24._ n质量25._ n畅销书(或唱片等)26._ n宇宙生成学；宇宙论27._ vt诊断28._ n.运动神经元病,quality,best-seller,cosmology,diagnose,motor neurone disease,quantity,29._ n.受害者30._ adj聪颖的；才华横溢的31._ n生涯；经历32._ adj简短的；简洁的33._ adv部分地；在一定 程度上34._ adj.身体的35._ adj.个人的,brilliant,career,brief,partly,physical,personal,victim,36._ n.相对论37._ n.火箭38._ n千年39._ n火药40._ vi逃跑；逃避 41._ n(弓)箭42._ adj.直的43._ vi.(烟雾)消散,millennium,gunpowder,escape,arrow,straight,clear,relativity,rocket,44._ vt.教育 _ n教育 _ n教育者45._ adj.农业的 _ n 农业46._ adj.原来的；最初的 _ n起源,(二)派生单词,educate,education,educator,agricultural,agriculture,original,origin,47._ vi.毕业 _ n毕业48._ vi.爆炸 _ n爆炸；爆炸声,graduate,graduation,explode,explosion,1._ 抚养长大2._ 因为，由于3._ 因为而出名4._ 谋生5._ 上台执政，掌权6._ 用做实验7._ 增长了8._ 从毕业,三、短语,bring up,as a result of,be known for,earn ones living,come to power,experiment with,rise by,graduate from,9._ 被诊断出10._ 扔进11._ 从跳下12._ 从逃出13._ 将某物粘 在，依附,throw into,jump out of,escape from,attach sth.to,be diagnosed with,1.leading adj.主要的，领先的【归纳】play a leading role/part in sth.在某事中起主导作用,核心要点,一、单词,【拓展】lead v领导，带领lead to 通向，通往，导致lead a.life 过的生活leader n 领袖，领导,2.support v支持；支撑，供养【归纳】support sb.in sth.在方面支持某人 support on 靠支撑 support n支持，支援；给予帮助【归纳】in support 后备的，准备给予支援的 in support of sb./sth.支持或支援某人/某事物 come to ones support 援助某人,3.convert vt.改变；转换,【归纳】convert(sb.)to(使)某人改信convert sth.into 把某物转变为convert from.to.从转变为【拓展】conversion n.转化，改变convertible adj.可改变的,1)convert使转变，变化，一般只表示事物的外表及用途等方面发生的次要变化，而不是本质上的巨大变化，也可用于改变某人的政治观点、信仰。2)change改变，变更，指位置，性质，外表，形式或是数量与质量等改变，常与into连用。3)shift指位置或方向的移动，改变。4)transform指外形或面貌的改变，彻底改变性格，性质等。,convert,change,shift,transform,Natural gas can be used to power cars by_ their engines.A.convertingB.convictingC.transferring D.transmitting,A,4.replace vt.替换；代替；取代【归纳】replace(take the place of)sb./sth.取代某人/某物 replace sb./sth.with.sb./sth.用替换 replace sth.prep./adv.把某物放回 e.g.When you have finished the book,please replace it on the shelf.,【拓展】in place ofin ones place 代替，取代take ones placetake the place of sb.代替.,5.quantity n量；数量【归纳】in quantity 大量地 a large/fair quantity of 大量的 large quantities of 大量的；许多的,a large quantity of和large quantities of都都可修饰可数名词和不可数名词。“a large quantity of+可数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词的数与所修饰的名词的数保持一致。“large quantities of+可数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式,quantity指事物的总量和总数量，侧重大批计量，含准确测量的意味；amount与quantity近义，但强调整体，指把所有数量、重量及度量归并在一起得出的总数；number指人或物的数目，强调数的概念。,quantity,amount和number,6.graduate v(使)(大学)毕业 n(大学)毕业生；研究生【归纳】v.graduate from 从毕业 graduate in 毕业于(某专业)graduate(from sth.)to.从(某处)升级到n.graduate school 研究生院，研究生时期【拓展】graduation n 毕业,7.escape v.&n.逃脱；被遗忘；未被注意【归纳】v.escape(doing)sth.逃脱做某事 escape from/out of.从逃离；逃走 n.make ones escape 逃跑 have a narrow escape 九死一生 a fire escape 紧急出口；安全门,8.clear adj.清楚的；显然的；明白的 vt.扫除；清除；放晴 adv.清楚地；清晰地；完全地【归纳】adj.make.clear 讲清楚，弄明白 keep clear of 不接触，避开 v.clear away 把清除掉，收拾 clear off 离去；迅速地离开某地 clear out 除掉；整理 clear up 解释；整理；(天)放晴,1.bring up 抚养，教养；提出；呕吐【拓展】bring about 造成，引起；bring in 引入，赚得；bring out 使显现，阐明，出版，生产 bring along 随身携带 bring on 导致；促成；使发展 bring forth 生产，产生,二、短语,2.be known for 因而出名/闻名 其后多接表示人或物的特点、特长等方面的内容。【拓展】be known as 被认为是；作为而出名（指以某种身份而出名）。be known to 为所熟知，其后常接人作宾语。,3.earn ones living 谋生【拓展】earn a fortune 挣大钱 make a/ones living 谋生 earn sb.praise/a reputation 为某人赢得赞扬/名声,e to/into power(开始)掌权，上台【拓展】in/within ones power 为某人力所能及 beyond/out of ones power 不能胜任；力所不能及 in power 当权的；掌权的 seize power 夺取政权 take power 取得政权 put.into power 使执政，使上台,5.throw into 投入【拓展】throw light on/upon sth.阐明某事；使某事显得清楚 throw sth./oneself at sb./sth.冲向某人/某物；向扔,throw away 丢弃throw off 扔掉；脱掉；摆脱throw oneself into 投身于；积极从事throw up 呕吐；放弃throw over 抛弃；拒绝,含介词to的短语动词英语中有一些动词与介词to搭配构成短语，后面常跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。如：attach.to 认为有（重要性、意义），附上belong to 属于refer to 涉及到，查阅turn to 求助于，翻到，转向,pay attention to 注意lead to 导致，通向relate to 与有联系come to 涉及，共计get down to 开始认真（做某事）devote oneself to 献身于，致力于contribute to 为做贡献/捐款look forward to 期望，盼望,1.The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.这些管子被捆在一根长棍子上，这根棍子有助于让火箭保持笔直的方向前进。,三、句式,keep sb./sth.doing sth.表示“使一直做某事”。keep后面可以跟复合结构，即宾语与宾语补足语。作宾语补足语的可以是介词短语、v.-ing形式、过去分词、形容词、副词等。该句式中keep为使役动词，该句式意为“使继续处于某种状态”。,keep+宾语(名词或代词)+形容词 e.g.The news that my father was admitted to a hospital kept me sad.2)keep+宾语(名词或代词)+副词3)keep+宾语(名词或代词)+名词4)keep+宾语(名词或代词)+现在分词 其中宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主动关系。e.g.Im sorry to keep you waiting.,5)keep+宾语(名词或代词)+过去分词 其中宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的被动关系。e.g.He will never keep a job half done.6)keep+宾语(名词或代词)+介词短语,2.Its yield is much greater than the yield of other types of rice grown in Pakistan.它的产量比巴基斯坦所种植的其他品种的水稻产量都要高得多。,much修饰比较级，意为“得多”。常见的修饰比较级的词还有：a little，a bit，a lot，rather，by far，far，even，still，any等。,3.2/3 of the worlds population regularly eat rice.世界人口中有三分之二的人经常吃大米。(1)分数或百分数修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词决定。若是不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数；若主语是可数名词复数，则谓语动词要用复数。,(2)分数表达时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。分子大于一时，分母序数词加s。one/a half 二分之一one fourth/a quarter 四分之一one fifth 五分之一four fifths 五分之四three fourths/three quarters 四分之三,(1)Three quarters of the books in the study _ mine.书房里四分之三的书是我的。(2)Two thirds of the earths surface _ covered by water.地球表面的三分之二被水覆盖。,are,is,4.Or was he carried miles into space,becoming the worlds first astronaut?他还是被带到了数英里之外的太空，成为了世界上第一位宇航员？本句中的becoming the worlds first astronaut是现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词短语作结果状语，只能放在主句后面。,e.g.Her parents died,leaving her a lot of debts.她的父母去世了，给她留下很多债务。It rained heavily,causing severe flooding in that country.大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。,特别提示现在分词和动词不定式作结果状语的区别(1)现在分词作结果状语通常表示一个自然而然的、意料之中的结果。(2)不定式作结果状语表示一个出乎意料的结果。其前常加only以强调这一意外结果。e.g.I rushed to the school,only to find it was Sunday.,巩固练习,I.根据句意及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出所缺单词的正确形式。1.This company is more concerned with quality than with q_.2.My _(个人的)view is that we shouldnt offer him the job.,quantity,personal,3.I think you should go back to your _(最初的)plan.4.The children are the helpless _(受害者)of the fighting.5.Yao Ming is one of the greatest Chinese sports _(人物)who played in the NBA.,original,victims,figures,II.用适当的介词填空。1.The party has come _ power since independence in 1964.2.Betty graduated _ University of Oxford with a degree in Law last year.3.The factory replaced most of its workers _ robots.4.In the process,the light energy converts _ heat energy.,to,from,with,to/into,III.翻译句子1.因有雾该航班延误。（as a result of）2.比尔出生于加拿大,但在美国长大。（bring up）,The flight was put off as a result of fog.,Bill was born in Canada but was brought up in America.,3.因为饲养员忘了锁笼子，所以这只狮子从动物园逃走了。(escape from),The lion escaped from the zoo because the zookeeper had forgotten to lock its cage.,1.The proposal _ by a large majority of the teachers.A.was supported B.was for C.was in favour of Dsupported2.As a result of destroying the forests，a large _ of desert _ covered the land.A.number；hasB.quantity；has C.number；haveD.quantity；have,A,IV.单项填空,B,3.It has been raining for three days.I hope _.A.it will clean up B.it will clear up C.it to be cleared up D.it to be cleaned up,B,4.Natural gas can be used to power cars by_ their engines.A.convertingB.convicting C.transferring D.transmitting5.When Mark Twain was young，he did _ he could_.A.all；earn his living B.what；earn his living C.all；to earn his living D.what；earning his living,A,C,6.Advanced ways of management must be _ to make things better.A.brought down B.brought in C.brought on D.brought up,B,