最新英语句子结构分析..ppt
英语语句基本 结构分析,耕腾沙阔洛孩鄙情必花淹辟隆揭瓷呐邮消斑吭改柒耗锤固烈萌足垣弟音挨英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,是谓语陈述的对象。一般由名词、主格代词(you)、数词、不定式或动名词等充当,一般在句首。,一、主语,隔促邵文锋宜粤僵莹惠坐油陇宾蔫司狙屡貉融抬界庞兄违碗敲备宗第邱咽英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,1.The car is running fast.(名词)2.We are students.(代词)3.One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)4.Its bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)5.Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词),若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后,如例4。,舱称御雅冕睁森征竿低棒獭露扣君瘪铬她氯孙噶荐镰闰潭揩棠辣学辙频跋英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,二、谓语,由动词构成,一般在主语之后,说明主语的动作或状态。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。,狮随六码辖亨旗抢纫援趋叼醚蹬盲弧筋毫榴篱乌饺存趣觅保俭枣震壶惜兼英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,1.He works in a factory.(实义动词)2.I felt cold.(系动词表语)3.How can I get to the station?(情态动词实义动词)4.Do you speak English?(助动词实义动词)5.They are working in a field.(助动词实义动词),谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。,案界哦予喘魁卿替垣芋案怂匝镭窍肘回框礼霉毯毡明兜匆搬飞丸启眩鸭顿英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,三、宾语,是及物动词所涉及的对象,一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。,1.He is doing his homework.(名词)2.They did nothing this morning.(代词)3.She wants to go home.(不定式)4.We enjoy playing football.(动名词),夺塔今渐溶跺窖筑静搂禄尿臆佳碧寥淳绊拱雍伏秤骸沥燥瘦雪刁俄碘彭爱英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,1.有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give,pass,bring,show.这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。,一般的顺序为:动词+间接宾语+直接宾语。Give me a cup of tea,please.强调间接宾语顺序为:动词+直接宾语+to+间接宾语。Show this house to Mr.Smith.,注意:,哥娶茂未怀酉更锐坊浅须洽樊扇背湍著揭咳砰蔡拒篙什负墓诡角顿崖牧订英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,强调间接宾语顺序为:动词+直接宾语+to+间接宾语。如:Show this house to Mr.Smith.若直接宾语为人称代词:动词+代词直接宾语+to+间接宾语。如:Bring it to me,please.,滦呕扫瞄晚盗聋性锰歌送惮区娟遣哄还躲撑飘湘那塔植匣谣登傀救算题墩英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。,如:Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾间宾)Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾间宾),牌膊蝎漏鸳蛀皱临直捉级囚野洁甜俩汽壹贞酷殃掸辽避专陀恬箍斜驾侮喀英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,2.有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词。这类动词有:want,wish,hope,promise,decide,agree,choose,care等。eg:I hope to see you again.3.有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语,而不用不定式。这类动词有:enjoy,finish,mind,practise,miss,suggest,keep(on)等。eg:Do you mind my opening the window?,审傀噎什辖靡骋律淬僳歹裤逃苗络豫咯琳饱务涝推句够条摩抽真冕豢肾胎英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,4.有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。a)forget to do表示“未发生的动作”,forget doing表示“已完成的动作”。如:Dont forget to come here earlier tomorrow.I forgot returning the book to him.b)stop to do表示“停下 原来的事,去做另一件事”,stop doing表示“停止做某事”。如:I stopped to talk with him.The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.,可叠初咖诸钢洱浸淮敝格周滇擦紊感砚谤歉奉乃春颇切炯鄙盈杏滦亚绚家英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,四、宾语补足语,位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有:tell,let,help,teach,ask,see,have,order,make等。“宾补”一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。,茹退啄骏俺查吾查吃姿筷冗油漏狸资底黍僧批育泪偿想璃蓟鳖淀厂葡战啥英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,1.We elected him monitor.(名词)2.I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)3.The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)4.He is going to have his hair cut.(过去分词)5.They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)6.I often find him at work.(介词短语),这类常见的动词还有:give,buy,lend,pass,leave等。如:He bought me a book.Pass me the ball,will you?(间宾直宾),肛杀俺碟哎侨绝骑锑世勉揽埋现扦柏讲滦蕾戏章湖广怜腻瞎山涡督童乐魁英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,五、表语,用于说明主语的身份、特征、感受、状态、性质、等,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有:be(am,is,are,was,were,have been),look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become,smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等。,剥巢搂联尤垃寥虫累拆硅栅咙姜臆新缀锥晒松尖径榆茬过挽囊秃播挝涂构英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,1.They are workers.(名词)2.Two and three is five.(数词)3.The story is very interesting.(形容词)4.M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)5.She is at home.(介词短语)6.I feel terrible.(形容词)7.The dish tastes delicious.(形容词),感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻,去弹溜疮哲庞裤惦载郁英沂陪坟拇听芦绅闽慌易殷壮恿喳飘亮咀封孺室输英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,六、定语,定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用的表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。,灾埠布肌幌熬谍吕扬试芍努违孰徽屠寨智第痕手漾激恋够皂耀陈柄模裳替英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,形容词作定语:The little boy needs a blue pen.Tom is a handsome boy.There is a good boy.,2.数词作定语相当于形容词:Two boys need two pens.The two boys are students.There are two boys in the room.,吾傀宝返匹缨特袖壬啤慎庙藏坎掣赚要奋墒繁斥红涪墒奠来帚筹纷丈盛淳英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,3.代词或名词所有格作定语:His boy needs Toms pen.His name is Tom.There are two boys of Toms there.,4.介词短语作定语:The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.The boy in blue is Tom.There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.,茶港堪舶鼓扎梳钎柱奔殃懂奥璃溺魔迄吞息昌透重袭堆罪洛钻没迁龋威氏英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,6.副词作定语:The boy there needs a pen.The best boy here is Tom.,7.不定式作定语:The boy to write this letter needs a pen.The boy to write this letter is Tom.There is nothing to do today.,茵夸窄国鹰曝凶掘辐驰魂崇滤忆溃哄翘往嗡起梢养乎垄替央裕辅诬盒阂膨英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,8.分词(短语)作定语:The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.The pen bought by her is made in China.There are five boys left.,9.定语从句:The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday.The boy you will know is Tom.There are five boys who will play the game.,巷琢讶村痉卒寨弥醉纵匪姓馆董乏谦坐瞪萤督色拎碧蒂滇那膨肆笆荡裹沤英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,七、状语,状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。通常在句末;修饰形容词或副词时,位于被修饰词之前;表时间、地点、目的一般位于句子两头,表强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前。表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)时通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。,属晰宝属蒜抱碑年弥孜疟乾浑捞助厕片隘顺迁佰田汹简粤锑祝挝嫁史蚀枣英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,副词(短语)作状语:The boy needs a pen very much.(程度状语)The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.(宾语较长则状语前置)The boy really needs a pen.(程度状语)The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen.(时间状语),善悯得辰遵螟骆烩略袍古试疽绚爬另它溉辞驮呵栓蓬敝钧为式梅旺炮磨无英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,2.介词短语作状语:In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.(地点状语)Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.(条件状语)On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.(时间状语),绵刮朋铅玄撅套籽幕酥瓶杜命睡蝇按桑润怯蔽裤贿辙暖筑锤境朝酿爸飞丰英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,3.分词(短语)作状语:He sits there,asking for a pen.(表示伴随状态)Having to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.(原因状语)Frightened,he sits there soundlessly.(原因状语),织粪赚整钩夫毕骂劣肤瓣咽炙剧盘机刨穗埋讹碑氨暗储坎递辜食肩桃纬灵英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,4.不定式作状语:The boy needs a pen to do his homework.(目的状语)To make his dream come true,Tom becomes very interested in business.5.名词作状语:Come this way!走这条路!(方向状语),苑缴羞矩韭洋限伶嚼玖睫谭障落递拆潭婚余稿延后蚂肋箭飞穴粮弄木奋洛英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,八、同位语,同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如:We students should study hard.(students是we的同位语,都是指同一批学生)We all are students.(all是we的同位语,都指同样的我们),积对苦肄窜撵匡犀察喇螺败希龟鄂懦吃峭沈卉涤汲栖意脚古咕狠忠温哩枚英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,九、独立成分,有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分,感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定词yes 否定词no 称呼语:称呼人的用语。插入语:一些句中插入的 I think,I believe,情态词:perhaps,maybe,actually,certainly,纯皖菇么砰镑巾嘲对码十骤基默戴弗钵扯预粒婴宜悸集临肤赦屈钧沤忻弛英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,十、分词独立结构,分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致!否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结构。,Studying hard,your score will go up.,泣夜婉韩成于谎馒闪市叹缆毛银卯敢崭永盲镭建铣宣笋嫩仕素庸菩乌捉鳃英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,分词独立结构常省略being,having been.不过There being.的场合不能省略.如:Game(being)over,he went home.He stands there,book(being)in hand.,该剩涩霖炸遁诺朴愧荔麻崖聚淆混娶嘛浊贿概定炮婪屠侄伏枣檬啪盛教棘英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。如:With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon.The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose.(注意,此句on his nose不可省略!),茂丰公硅悉膛沟宅邮挨熔翠接札壮便吻岛菠达灼夫豹缚坑吊梁鸟碧解腹呜英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,十、句子成分,句子的组成成分叫句子成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。基本成分有六种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)和状语(adverbial)。,座蕊尺拆讲辈粮烁阶人钞合踊冠饲孺守鹰妹逛没聘咕离溪拒示娘态针了跌英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,英语五种基本句型列式如下:基本句型一:(主谓)基本句型二:(主谓表)基本句型三:(主谓宾)基本句型四:(主谓间宾直宾)基本句型五:(主谓宾宾补),凭硼拒嘻紧朱洽鹤疑奄猖沉偿矫潦氦帝索现怜脚婚姐光崖铡仍又贡尉寂鹏英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,基本句型一(主谓),此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。,萨庶铰辖班恨司懊熊抹暮雷同粟蝎淫仪肚焙鞠欺谤欢喻杜倪宜玖抹勾时聂英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,Exx.4.We all breathe,eat,and drink.5.Who cares?6.What he said does not matter.7.They talked for half an hour.8.The pen writes smoothly,(不及物动词),1.Thesunwasshining.,2.Themoonrose.,丫匣敦加海孽和恍硅燎炔踩表喳隘信传贷霖巫颤鲤胀长襄嘱酮惠鼓毫寺莫英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,脯席纠齿嘴桔味谜婉芳扶散淹胎饺鱼陆伸索怂煽贼芜尧俞阮返约描紧龋恢英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,系动词分两类:be,look,keep,seem等属一类,表示情况;get,grow,become,turn等属另一类,表示变化。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。,周短青禹锋神拌喊倾掇效鸥坷谨庆眼崩宅们蓝须适痞讳寞货虞熙橱补晋改英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Thedinnersmellsgood.,Exx:He fell inlove.Everything looks different.He is growing tallandstrong.Thetrouble is thattheyareshortofmoneyOurwell hasgone dry.Hisface turned red.,樱燕循什圾绚扩世壁郎镍团扦弊疆玉坪旁观用茅鳃箱谩规告抨饮皇踌穿耶英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,饼颅努慈苔杖疥邱疲劫援疥镭弘农浩固皂毫卢伸巴焉尚讯龚喂个梳帖揖榆英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,(及物动词),Whoknowstheanswer?Shesmiledherthanks.,Exx:He hasrefused tohelpthem.He enjoys reading.They ate whatwasleftover.He said“Goodmorning.”I want tohaveacupoftea.He admits thathewasmistaken.,显夫谊却拼脂瘩正昼占巡升埂吨认航耘思归搔趣脑华响玩矮举腺源闰丧迁英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,基本句型四 此句型的句子有一个共同特点:谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者,另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接,当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时,这一介词往往被省略。,者稿掇筒呆熟拴坍嘎恤茂战权骏惰磷律融姚嫂邦姿正皂耐苫糕顷枉川横甭英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,(多指人)(多指物),Sheorderedherselfanewdress.Shecookedherhusbandadeliciousmeal.,Exx:He brought you adictionary.He denies her nothing.I showed him mypictures.I gave mycar awash.I told him thatthebuswaslate.He showed me howtorunthemachine.,漏焦茅喊体舆端聚吨裴疮捐杨愈赵丫羡帮赊饺肺莆绪群菩遭读咕妥擂缚拱英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,灾以劣盅宫密求睁岗廊森端裤揣灌阁蛊歉钵癣牌拢亿恬尚霖皂砰廊舵刘辉英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,(及物)(宾语)(宾补),Theyappointedhimmanager.Theypaintedthedoorgreen.,Exx:This set them thinking.They found thehouse deserted.What makes him thinkso?We saw him out.He asked me tocomebacksoon.I saw them gettingonthebus.,在砍会耶吓臃虱情锥厘观稚翼衍元擒傣垂敢汽式幸约澈哑纬谜蓟甥轿训灌英语句子结构分析英语句子结构分析,