名师伴你行系列高考英语人教一轮复习配套语法专题学案连词和状语从句28张ppt.ppt

高考英语一轮复习课件,新 课 标 版,人 民 教 育 出 版 社,语法学案6 连词和状语从句九种常见的状语从句及其常用的连词：1.时间状语从句：when,while,as,before,after,as soon as,till,until,not.until,the moment,immediately,the first/second/last time,instantly,hardly.when,scarcely.when,no sooner.than;2.地点状语从句：where,wherever;3.原因状语从句：because,since,as；4.条件状语从句：if,unless,now(that),provided/providing;5.让步状语从句：although,though,as,no matter what/when/where/who,wherever,whatever,whoever,however;,高考一轮总复习,6.结果状语从句：so.that,such.that;7.目的状语从句：so that,in case,for fear that,lest;8.方式状语从句：how,as if/though;9.比较状语从句：than,as/so.as。考点1 时间状语从句考点精讲1.when,while和as(1)when既可引导一个持续动作,也可引导一个短暂动作,可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作的句中。When I lived there,I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时,星期天常到海滨去。When the film ended,the people went back.电影一结束,看电影的人便回去了。,第二编 语 法 知 识,(2)从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的,侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.别人在工作时,别高声谈话。(3)从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成,可译为“一边,(一边)”或“随着”。As time goes on,its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移,天气变得越来越暖和了。(4)如果主句表示的是短暂动作,而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作,此时when,while与as可互换使用。When/While/As I was walking down the street,I came across an old friend of mine.当我沿大街行走时,碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。,高考一轮总复习,(5)几种特殊情况when还可用于下列结构中,当“就在那时”讲,表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时,突然发生另一动作：be about to do.when.;be doing.when.;be on the point of doing.when.;had just done.when.We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.我们刚要出发,突然下起雨来。We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我们正开着会突然有人闯入。when还可表示原因“既然”,相当于since。How can I help them to understand when they wont listen to me?既然他们不愿听我的,我又怎么能帮助他们弄懂呢?,第二编 语 法 知 识,while可作为并列连词,“而,却”,表示对比。He likes playing football,while his brother likes playing basketball.他喜欢踢足球,而他弟弟喜欢打篮球。2.as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the instant,no sooner.than,hardly/scarcely.when.和once(一就)这些连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生,主句的动作随即就发生,常译为“一就”。The moment I heard the voice,I knew father was coming.我一听到那个声音,我就知道父亲来了。No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我们刚到车站,火车就离站了。,高考一轮总复习,注意：no sooner.than.;hardly/scarcely.when.结构的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely句子中谓语动词应用过去完成时,而than与when句子中谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外,当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时,应用倒装语序。I had hardly got home when it began to rain.=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.我们刚到家就下起雨来了。3.on doing sth./on ones+n.也可表示“一就”,引导时间状语从句。On arriving/On his arrival at the station,the thief was caught.贼一到车站就被抓了。,第二编 语 法 知 识,4.before和since(1)若表达“还未就；趁；还没来得及就”时,需用连词before。We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.我们跑了还不到一英里他就累了。Please write it down before you forget it.趁你现在没忘把它记下来。(2)It will be+一段时间+before多久之后才。It will be half a year before I come back.还得呆半年我才能回来。(3)since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词,主句的谓语动词是延续性的或者是反复发生的动作。She has been working in this factory since she left school.她离开学校以来,就在这个工厂工作。,高考一轮总复习,(4)在“It is+一段时间+since从句”中,时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。It is three years since I smoked a cigar(=since I stopped smoking a cigar).我不吸烟有三年了。如果译成“我吸烟有三年了”。应为：It is three years since I began to smoke.(5)every time,each time,next time,the first time,all time,all the time等名词短语可以引导时间状语从句。表示“每当；每次；下次”等。Every/Each time I was in trouble,he would come to help me out.每当我处于困境,他就来帮助我。The last time she saw James,he was lying in bed.她上次看见James的时候，他正躺在床上。,第二编 语 法 知 识,典例剖析He smiled politely_ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.2012山东卷A.as B.if C.unless D.though剖析 考查状语从句的连接词。此处是as引导这个时间状语从句，意为：当的时候。句意：当玛丽为她喝醉了的朋友道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。故选A。考点2 地点状语从句考点精讲1.引导地点状语从句的从属连词where/wherever，指具体地点时，从句可用于主句之前或之后；表示抽象条件的含义时，从句须放在主句之前。You are free to go wherever you like.你愿意去哪里就去哪里。,高考一轮总复习,Where there is a will，there is a way.有志者，事竟成。2.注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句：Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions.有疑点或问题的地方你做个标记。(地点状语从句)Make a mark at the place where you have any doubts or questions.在有疑点或问题的地方你做个标记。(定语从句)典例剖析A number of high buildings have arisen_ there was nothing a year ago but ruins.2012山东卷A.when B.where C.before D.until剖析 考查状语从句的连接词。此处是where引导地点状语从句,表示“在地方”。句意：很多高楼在一年前还是废墟的地方矗立起来了。故选B。,第二编 语 法 知 识,考点3 原因状语从句考点精讲1.引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now that,seeing that,considering that等,每个连词的含义不尽相同。As it is raining,we shall not go to the park.由于天在下雨,我们不去公园了。Now(that)/Since you are grown up,you should not rely on your parents.既然你长大了,就不应该再依靠你的父母。2.此外,when还表示原因,相当于since,considering that既然；考虑到。It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.既然你步行5分钟能到那里,却打的,真够愚蠢的。,高考一轮总复习,3.并列连词for加分句也可表示原因,for引导的分句对前面的内容补充说明。He doesnt know about it,for he didnt see the film.他不了解此事,因为他没有看过这部电影。4.其他表示原因的方式一些介词短语同样可以表示原因,这样的短语有：because of,thanks to,due to,owing to等。Thanks to your timely help,we could finish work on time.多亏了你及时的帮助,我们按时完成了工作。His illness was due to smoking and drinking.他的病是由吸烟和喝酒引起的。,第二编 语 法 知 识,典例剖析Coach,can I continue with the training?Sorry,you cant_ you havent recovered from the knee injury.2012重庆卷A.until B.before C.as D.unless剖析 考查原因状语从句。根据答语“抱歉,你不能继续训练,因为你膝盖受的伤还没有恢复。”由此可知,空白处后面为原因状语从句,故C选项符合题意。考点4 目的状语从句考点精讲引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,in case,lest等。1.so that与in order that意思都为“以便”,“为了”,它们引导的状语从句中需用情态动词can,could等。in order that引导的从句,高考一轮总复习,可位于主句前或主句后,so that引导的从句通常位于主句之后。He got up early so that/in order that he could catch the first bus.他早起以便能赶上早班车。2.for fear that,in case与lest意为“以防,以免”,它们引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词有时用虚拟语气,即“(should)+动词原形”。Take your umbrella in case/lest it rains(should rain).带上伞以防下雨。典例剖析Leave your key with your neighbor_ you lock yourself out one day.2012辽宁卷A.as long as B.even thoughC.in case D.as if,第二编 语 法 知 识,剖析 考查连词用法。as long as意为“只要”；even though意为“尽管”；in case意为“以防”；as if意为“好像”。根据句意：把你的钥匙留给你的邻居,以防你把自己锁在外面了。所以选C项。考点5 结果状语从句考点精讲1.so.that与such.that的句式结构(1)so+adj./adv.+that从句so+adj.+a/an+单数可数名词+that从句;so many/much/few/little+n.+that从句。The box is so heavy that I cant carry it.箱子太重我搬不动。Jack is so honest a worker that we all believe him.杰克是那么诚实的一位工人以至于我们都相信他。,高考一轮总复习,He got so little money that his family had to live on welfare.他工资很少,他的家人不得不靠救济金生活。(2)such+(a/an)+adj.+n.+that从句She is such an honest girl that she cant tell a lie.她是个那么诚实的姑娘,她不会撒谎。注意：当so或such位于句首时,主句用部分倒装语序。So clever a student was he that he was able to pass the exam.他是个那么聪明的学生,因此能通过考试。little作“小,可爱”时,可用such修饰。He is such a little boy that his parents often teach him something.他那么小,他的父母常教他些东西。,第二编 语 法 知 识,2.除结果状语从句外,too.to.(太而不能),enough to.(达到某种程度可以),so.as to.(那么以至于)等不定式结构同样可以表示结果。He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus.=He got up too late to catch the bus.=He got up so late as to miss the bus.他起床太晚了以至于没赶上公共汽车。典例剖析My English teachers humor was_ make every student burst into laughter.2008江西卷A.so as to B.such as toC.such that D.so that剖析 考查代词such的用法以及so/such.as to的用法。这里的such用作代词在句中作表语,表示“这样的人(事物)”,选B。,高考一轮总复习,考点6 条件状语从句考点精讲引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if,unless(=if.not除非),so/as long as(只要),in case(万一),on condition that(条件是),suppose/supposing(假设,如果),provided that(如果)等。As long as you dont lose heart,you will succeed.只要你不灰心,你会成功的。I will do it on condition that you help me.只要你肯帮助我,我就愿意做此事。典例剖析Ones life has value_ one brings value to the life of others.2012江苏卷A.so that B.no matter howC.as long as D.except that,第二编 语 法 知 识,剖析 考查状语从句的连词用法。so that意为“以便,因此”；no matter how意为“不管怎样”；as long as意为“只要”；except that意为“除了”。句意：只要一个人给别人的生活带来价值,那么他的生命就是有价值的。根据题意,应选C项。考点7 方式状语从句考点精讲as if,as though从句中若与事实相反,则用虚拟语气,否则用陈述语气。It looks as if its going to rain.看起来似乎要下雨。The old teacher treats students as if they were his children.这位老教师对待学生就像他们是他的孩子一样。,高考一轮总复习,典例剖析Jack wasnt saying anything,but the teacher smiled at him_ he had done something very clever.2011湖南卷A.as if B.in case C.while D.though剖析 考查状语从句的用法。句意：Jack什么也没说,但老师向他笑了笑,好像他做了件聪明的事情一样。as if好像,仿佛。故选A。考点8 让步状语从句考点精讲1.although与though可互换,都可以与yet,still或nevertheless连用,但不和but连用。在引导让步状语从句时,although只能用正常语序；though可用正常语序,也可用倒装语序。,第二编 语 法 知 识,Although/Though she works very hard,(yet)she makes very slow progress.尽管她学习很努力,但还是进步不快。2.as引导让步状语从句须用倒装。句型为：adj./adv./n.(一般不带冠词)/v.(原形)+as+主语+谓语Child as he is,he knows a lot.虽然他是个孩子,却懂得很多。Much as I like it,I wont buy it,for its too expensive.尽管我很喜欢它,但我不会买,因为它太贵了。3.even though与even if从句中可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气。Even though/if it is raining,well go there.即使下雨,我们也要去那儿。Even if I were busy,I would go.即使忙,我也去。,高考一轮总复习,4.whether.or.(不管还是)。All the nations should be equal,whether they are strong or not.所有的国家都应平等,不管它们是否强大。5.疑问词ever与no matter+疑问词(不管,无论)。Whenever Im unhappy(=No matter when Im unhappy),it is my friend who cheers me up.不管什么时候我不高兴,总是我的朋友给我鼓励。典例剖析_ hard you try,it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.2012湖南卷A.However B.WhateverC.Whichever D.Whenever剖析 考查状语从句引导词的用法。句意：不管你如何(however)努力,如果你不减少食量是很难减肥的。故选A。,第二编 语 法 知 识,考点9 比较状语从句考点精讲比较状语从句常用as.as.,not as/so.as.,than等连接词引导。“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构也可引导比较状语从句。His handwriting is not as/so good as yours(is).他的书法不如你的好。The sooner you are back,the better it will be.你回来得越早越好。典例剖析The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be_ the present one.2011陕西卷A.as three times big as B.three times as big asC.as big as three times D.as big three times as,高考一轮总复习,剖析 考查状语从句。此处用到了as.as.句型,其中用原级,表倍数的数词位于前一个as之前,故选B。其余选项与题意不符。对应训练1.Generally speaking,_ according to directions,the drug has no side-effect.A.when taking B.when takenC.when to take D.when to be taken2.Dad,Ive finished my assignment.Good,and_ you play or watch TV,you mustnt disturb me.whenever B.whether C.whatever D.no matter,B,B,第二编 语 法 知 识,3.There were dirty marks on her trousers_ she had wiped her hands.A.where B.which C.when D.that4.You must keep on working in the evening,_ you are sure you can finish the task in time.A.as B.if C.when D.unless5.His plan was such a good one_ we all agreed to accept it.A.so B.and C.that D.as1._ I always felt I would pass the exam,I never thought I would get an A.2012湖南卷A.While B.Once C.If D.Until,A,D,C,A,高考一轮总复习,2.If you happen to get lost in the wild,youd better stay_ you are and wait for help.2012四川卷A.why B.where C.who D.what3.You can borrow my car_ you promise not to drive too fast.2012江西卷A.unless B.even if C.in case D.as long as4.I had hardly got to the office_ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.2012大纲全国卷A.when B.than C.until D.after5.I dont believe weve met before,_ I must say you do look familiar.2012全国新课标卷A.therefore B.although C.since D.unless,返回目录,继续,B,D,A,B,