名师伴你行系列高考英语人教一轮复习配套高考题型专项复习学案：完形填空专题40张ppt.ppt

高考英语一轮复习课件,新 课 标 版,人 民 教 育 出 版 社,第三编 高 考 专 题,专题三 完形填空专题学案1 记叙文考点精讲题 型 概 括记叙文主要是记人、叙事、写景、状物一类的文章。记叙文是近几年高考完形填空常考的体裁,分为记人和记事两种形式,内容涉及个人经历、亲情故事、生活感悟、人物轶事、神话故事、新闻报道等。记叙文一般不点出主题,也不做结论和评论,多数按事情发展的顺序进行叙述,通过人物间的对话反映人们对事件的看法。显 著 特 点1.叙事方式多样。有的记叙文按照时间顺序叙述,最后,高考一轮总复习,点破故事的结局；有的记叙文采取倒叙的手法,先点明故事的结局和影响,然后再叙述故事的发生和发展。考生在做题时,应先浏览全文,判断出作者的叙事手段,依据文章提供的信息,对故事内容进行准确定位,了解故事的来龙去脉,进而达到对文意的透彻理解,为做题找到准确依据。2.记叙文往往有较强的故事趣味性,有情节的跌宕起伏和情感的细腻变化等特点,信息量很大。作者在叙述过程中往往会融入人物的语言、行为、心理的描写,这在一定程度上增加了考生理解文章的难度。这时,考生必须理清上下文的脉络,对人物的语言、行为、心理等给出合理的想象和推理,并仔细揣摩作者的用意,从而透彻理解文意,达到对语境的准确理解,这样才能作出合理地选择。,第三编 高 考 专 题,3.命题倾向于注重短文本身的教育意义或选取记叙具有特殊个性品质的人物故事,给人以启迪或鼓舞；作者有时在记叙过程中或记叙结束后发表自己的看法和感受。因此考生只有借助上下文乃至全文的语境才能揣摩作者的心境,以及其对各个角色、各个事件的态度。在答题过程中,除了要把握关联词语,还要把握语气、动作等的描写,以期与作者达到共鸣。这些记叙文有几个显著的特点：以一般过去时为主,其他时态为辅；大量使用动词,尤其是动态动词；适当出现直接引语。技 巧 点 拨1.读懂作者所叙述的故事通过故事的开头明确故事发生的时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、原因(why)等从而对文章准确定位。,高考一轮总复习,然后了解故事的发展与结局。把故事的开始与结局连贯起来考虑至关重要,这样才能透彻理解整个故事,把握作者的用意。2.注意作者的叙事逻辑,了解文章的组织方式了解作者的叙事手段,是采取顺叙,还是采取倒叙的手法,有助于对文章的整体理解。多数记叙文以时间为顺序来安排和发展情节,但有时为了突出情节或增加阅读性,往往也会采用倒叙的方法。3.注意体会作者的用意和文章蕴含的哲理,明确作者的写作目的就事论事肯定不是记叙文的目的,作者的根本目的往往在于表达自己的思想与哲理,要彻底读懂故事,就必须明确作者的意图以及文章传达的哲理,做到表里如一,只理解,第三编 高 考 专 题,表面,而忽视了文章的内涵往往是有些同学完形填空错误的主要原因。4.弄清文章的视角通常记叙文展开的视角有两个：第一人称和第三人称。用第一人称则是从“参与者”的角度出发,字里行间可以体会到作者的态度和感情。而用第三人称则是从“观察者”的角度出发。作者站在客观的立场上,对事情或人物进行叙述,与读者保持了一定的距离。了解文章的视角,有助于了解作者的思维。典例剖析 2011安徽卷 When I began planning to move to Auckland to study,my mother was worried about a lack of jobs and cultural differences.Ignoring these 1_,I got there in July,B,高考一轮总复习,2010.2_ I arrived,I realized the importance of getting a job 3_my living experience.Determined to do this 4_,I spent several weeks going door-to-door for a job,but found 5_ response(回应).One afternoon,I walked into a building to ask6_ there were any job opportunities(机会).The people there advised me not to continue my job search in that7_.As I was about to8_,a man who had been listening approached me and asked me to wait outside9_.Nearly ten minutes later,he10_.He asked me about my plans and encouraged me to stay11_.Then he offered to take me to Royal Oak to12_ a job.I was a little surprised,but had a13_ feeling about him.Along the way,I realized that I had14_,D,C,A,D,C,D,C,D,A,C,B,B,C,第三编 高 考 专 题,rsums(简历).Seeing this,the man15_ at his business partners office to make me fifteen16_ copies.He also gave me some17_ on dressing and speaking.I handed out my rsums and went home feeling very18_.The following day,I received a19_ from a store in Royal Oak offering me a job.It seems that the world always20_ to you when you need it.And this time,it was a complete stranger who turned out to be a real blessing.1.A doubts B.concerns C.instructions D.reasons2.A.Even if B.Every time C.Now that D.Soon after3.A.of B.at C.for D.with,A,B,D,D,A,C,高考一轮总复习,4.A.on my own B.on my way C.by any chance D.by the day5.A.any B.much C.some D.little6.A.why B.wherever C.whether D.whenever7.A.direction B.attitude C.language D.manner8.A.answer B.work C.leave D.refuse9.A.for ever B.at any time C.as usual D.for a while10.A.returned B.hesitated C.passed D.regretted11.A.silent B.busy C.positive D.comfortable,第三编 高 考 专 题,12.A.pick out B.search for C.take on D.give up13.A.dull B.good C.guilty D.general14.A.made use of B.taken care of C.run out of D.become tired of15.A.stopped B.knocked C.glanced D.appeared16.A.right B.more C.former D.different17.A.pressures B.agreements C.impressions D.suggestions18.A.lonely B.funny C.disappointed D.satisfied19.A.call B.tip C.present D.report20.A.turns off B.goes over C.gives back D.looks up,高考一轮总复习,语 篇 导 读 在陌生的城市生存谈何容易?本文讲述作者独自一人去奥克兰求学,需要一份工作充实自己的生活经历,并在一位陌生人的帮助下最终获得了一份工作。作者以此向我们展示一个生活真谛：只要努力,世界会给每个人以回报。答 题 支 招1.利用暗示信息解题考生做题时要有全局观念,注意该空格处的含义与前后句的意思联系,进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。暗示信息通常为前面预示后面,或后面暗示前面。I realized that I had14_ rsums(简历).Seeing this,the man15_ at his business partners office to make me fifteen16_ copies.,第三编 高 考 专 题,A.made use of B.taken care ofC.run out of D.become tired of剖析 后面讲到那个男人在他生意伙伴的办公室前面停了下来,又为作者制作了另外的15份简历,可见作者的简历用完了。故第14题选C项最佳。2.常见动词的固定搭配及其辨析It seems that the world always20_ to you when you need it.And this time,it was a complete stranger who turned out to be a real blessing.A.turns off B.goes overC.gives back D.looks up剖析 考查动词构成的固定搭配的辨析。文章讲述了一名陌生男子伸出援助之手帮助作者找工作的故事,作者在文章结尾处发出感慨：世界好像总是在你需要的时候,高考一轮总复习,给你回报。故第20空处应填gives back。turn off关掉；go over仔细检查某事,反复研究；look up to sb.钦佩,仰慕。故C项最佳。3.利用语境解题2_ I arrived,I realized the importance of getting a job 3_ my living experience.A.of B.at C.for D.with剖析 考查介词。句意为：作者意识到需要找一份工作来支付生活开销,此处表示的显然是目的,故C项最佳。,返回目录,继续,第三编 高 考 专 题,学案2 夹 叙 夹 议考点精讲题 型 概 括 夹叙夹议文是高考完形填空题的主选体裁,也是高考完形填空题中较难理解和把握的,因此大家应该对其给予足够的重视。显 著 特 点 夹叙夹议类的完形填空一般有以下三种结构特点：1.事例观点：先叙述具体的人或事,然后作者针对这件事情发表自己的看法,或揭示生活的真理。2.观点事例：先提出一种观点或看法,然后再用具体的人或事去证明它。,高考一轮总复习,3.观点事例观点：首先提出一种观点或看法,然后用事例说明,最后再进一步阐述或总结自己的观点。高考完形填空题选取的夹叙夹议文一般为前两类。所选文章都具有一定的社会价值和教育意义。所以考生在读这类文章时,要理清文章的结构,作者所叙述的故事,也要抓住作者的观点或作者要阐述的生活哲理,因此,把这两者结合起来分析就成了做好完形填空的关键所在。技 巧 点 拨 在做夹叙夹议类的完形填空时,应注意以下几点：1.明确文章的组织方式 看文章属于上述哪种结构,从而明白作者的思路。抓住作者在第一句话中交代的人物的姓名、身份、业绩或事件发生的时间、地点、事件的发生、发展以及最后得出的结果。,第三编 高 考 专 题,2.体会叙述和议论的联系 夹叙夹议中叙与议是一个有机的整体,叙是议的基础,而议是叙的升华。在读这类文章时,掌握议论部分的内容是关键,因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的,议论部分往往是文章的升华。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来,再结合人物心理和行为的描述,全面把握文章才能正确解题。3.重视语境的作用 叙述与议论的结合,使得此类文章常会出现事件与观点的交换,从而突出了对语境的依赖。这就要求跟着作者的思路读全文,思维要有灵活性,要随着记叙与议论的转换,及时调整思维方式。在理解上下文的基础上,通过语境,辨析词语,找到正确答案。,高考一轮总复习,典例剖析A Love Note to My Mom2011年天津卷 When I was a little girl,I would often accompany you as you modeled for fashion photographers.It was years later that I finally understood what role modeling1_ in your life.Little did I know you were2 _ every penny you earned to go to3_ school.I cannot thank you enough for4_ you told me one autumn afternoon when I was nine.After finishing my homework,I wandered into the dining room where you were buried5_ piles of law books.I was6_.Why were you doing what I domemorizing textbooks and studying for7_?When you said you were in law,B,A,C,A,D,C,B,第三编 高 考 专 题,school,I was more puzzled.I didnt know Moms8_ be lawyers too.You smiled and said,“In life,you can do anything you want to do.”As young as I was,that statement kept9_ in my ears.I watched as you faced the10_ of completing your studies,starting companies with Dad,while still being a11_ and a Mom of five kids.I was exhausted just watching you12_.With your words of wisdom in my13_ mind,I suddenly felt unlimited freedom to dream.My whole world 14_.I set out to live my life filled with15_,seeing endless possibilities for personal and professional achievements.Your words became my motto.I16_ found myself in the unique position of being either the first(woman,D,A,C,D,B,C,D,A,A,高考一轮总复习,doctor in Maryland Rotary)17_ one of the few women(chief medical reporters)in my field.I gained strength every time I said,“Yes,Ill try that.”Encouraged by your18_,I have forged ahead(毅然前行)with my lifes journey,less afraid to make mistakes,and19_ meeting each challenge.You did it,and now Im20_ it.Sorry,got to run.So much to do,so many dreams to live.1.A.found B.played C.kept D.provided2.A.saving B.making C.donating D.receiving3.A.business B.fashion C.law D.medical4.A.what B.that C.which D.where5.A.at B.to C.upon D.under6.A.amused B.worried C.puzzled D.disappointed,C,B,D,A,第三编 高 考 专 题,7.A.roles B.tests C.positions D.shows8.A.must B.ought to C.need D.could9.A.ringing B.blowing C.falling D.beating10.A.choices B.chance C.challenges D.changes11.A.professor B.doctor C.reporter D.model12.A.in danger B.in action C.in trouble D.in charge13.A.weak B.powerful C.youthful D.empty14.A.came back B.closed down C.went by D.opened up15.A.hope B.hardship C.harmony D.sadness16.A.constantly B.shortly C.hardly D.nearly17.A.and B.but C.or D.for18.A.description B.statement C.praise D.introduction,高考一轮总复习,19.A.secretly B.curiously C.carelessly D.eagerly20.A.doing B.considering C.correcting D.reading语 篇 导 读作者小时候受妈妈自强不息、顽强上进精神的感染。以妈妈为榜样,作者在人生路上取得了一个又一个的成功。妈妈成为作者一生的楷模。答 题 支 招利用暗示信息解题Little did I know you were2_ every penny you earned to go to3_ school.A.business B.fashion C.law D.medical剖析 第7空后的in law school是答案提示,故C项最佳。,第三编 高 考 专 题,2.常见动词的固定搭配及其辨析My whole world 14_.A.came back B.closed downC.went by D.opened up剖析 考查动词构成的固定搭配的辨析。根据上文的I suddenly felt unlimited freedom to dream.可知“我的整个世界随之便开阔起来”,open up拓展。come back回来；close down关闭；go by流逝,过去。故D项最佳。3.固定搭配以及固定搭配的变化(1)I16_ found myself in the unique position of being either the first(woman doctor in Maryland Rotary)17_ one of the few women(chief medical reporters)in my field.A.And B.but C.or D.for,高考一轮总复习,剖析 此题是固定短语either.or.的用法,故C项最佳。(2)It was years later that I finally understood what role modeling1_ in your life.A.found B.played C.kept D.provided剖析 此题是固定短语play a role in(在中发挥作用)的形式变化,故B项正确。4.根据态度情感,准确使用情态动词Moms8_ be lawyers too.A.must B.ought to C.need D.could剖析 此处表示“我不知道妈妈们也能够成为律师”,这里是作者的猜测,故D项为最佳。,返回目录,继续,第三编 高 考 专 题,学案3 说明文和议论文说明文考点精讲题 型 概 括说明文一般用简练的语言,按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及规律。说明文一般采用时间顺序、空间顺序或逻辑顺序。显 著 特 点说明文的完形填空往往利用首句提出或解释说明某事物。2.纯说明文。文章围绕一个话题展开,通过不同的例子、,高考一轮总复习,从不同的侧面加以说明。有些说明文,开头便点明说明的话题,然后展开说明,有些说明文,先列举事实,然后加以总结,点明话题。3.说明加叙述类。文章围绕一个话题,然后通过叙述具体故事来说明话题,最后可能会对话题再加以强调。技 巧 点 拨要理清文章的结构,抓住话题,并结合具体事例进行分析是做好这类完形填空题的关键。做好说明文体裁的完形填空,最主要的是抓住文章说明的中心,这要求考生做好三方面：注意文章的结构特点；注意段落之间的逻辑关系；注意文章结尾。说明文完形填空题的首段往往是文章的主题段,每段的首句也是主题句,一定把握好主题段和主题句,这是做好这类完形填空题的前提。文章结尾的段落往往对说明的问题进行总的概括,有时就是文章的点睛之处。,第三编 高 考 专 题,典例剖析2011全国卷 There are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere.We can see there is a lot of people sleeping on the bus or train on the1_ home from work in the evenings.A man will be2_ the newspaper,and seconds later it3_ as if he is trying to4_ it.Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger5_ next to him.6_ place where unplanned short sleep7_ is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring(打鼾)so8_ that the professor has to ask another student to9_ the sleeper awake.A more embarrassing(尴尬)situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the10_ of the,A,D,C,B,D,C,A,C,B,C,高考一轮总复习,head pushes the arm off the11_,and the movement carries the12_ of the body along.The student wakes up on the floor with no13_ of getting there.The worst time to fall asleep is when14_.Police reports are full of 15_ that occur when people fall into sleep and go16_ the road.If the drivers are17_,they are not seriously hurt.One womans car,18_,went into the river.She woke up in four feet of19_ and thought it was raining.When people are really20_,nothing will stop them from falling asleepno matter where they are.1.A.way B.track C.path D.road2.A.buying B.folding C.delivering D.reading3.A.acts B.shows C.appears D.sounds,B,C,A,D,D,B,A,D,B,A,第三编 高 考 专 题,4.A.open B.eat C.find D.finish5.A.lying B.waiting C.talking D.sitting6.A.Next B.Every C.Another D.One7.A.goes on B.ends up C.lasts D.returns8.A.bravely B.happily C.loudly D.carelessly9.A.leave B.shake C.keep D.watch10.A.size B.shape C.weight D.strength11.A.cushion B.desk C.shoulder D.book12.A.action B.position C.rest D.side13.A.memory B.reason C.question D.purpose14.A.thinking B.working C.walking D.driving15.A.changes B.events C.ideas D.accidents16.A.up B.off C.along D.down17.A.lucky B.awake C.calm D.strong,高考一轮总复习,18.A.in time B.at first C.as usual D.for example19.A.dust B.water C.grass D.bush20.A.tired B.drunk C.lonely D.lazy答 题 支 招1.利用暗示信息解题The worst time to fall asleep is when14_.A.Thinking B.workingC.Walking D.driving剖析 根据下文第17个空前的drivers的提示可知,最糟糕的睡觉时间是在开车的时候,故D项最佳。2.常见动词的固定搭配及其辨析Police reports are full of15_ that occur when people fall into sleep and go16the road.A.up B.off C.along D.down,第三编 高 考 专 题,剖析 此题考查动词短语搭配。go off the road表示“驶离路面”。go up“上升,上涨”,go along“沿着”,go down“下降,减少”。均不符合语境。故B项最佳。3.根据生活常识做题A man will be reading the newspaper,and seconds later it3_ as if he is tryingto4it.A.open B.eat C.find D.finish剖析 看报纸打瞌睡的样子看起来就像要吃了报纸一样。此题需要联想生活实际。故B项最佳。4.固定搭配We can see there is a lot of people sleeping on the bus or train on the1_ home from work in the evenings.A.way B.track C.path D.road,高考一轮总复习,剖析 on the way home为固定搭配,表示“在回家的路上”。不使用track“小路,跑道”,path“小径,小路”,road“道路”。故A项最佳。5.前后呼应When people are really20_,nothing will stop them from falling asleepno matter where they are.A.tired B.drunk C.lonely D.lazy剖析 句意为：当人们真的疲惫的时候,没有什么能阻止他们入睡无论他们在哪里。此处与文章的首句呼应,故A项正确。,第三编 高 考 专 题,议论文考点精讲题 型 概 括议论文是高考完形填空中较难的文章。议论文由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。高考完形填空题选取的议论文具有显著的特点,即观点鲜明、结构严谨、论据充分、思维缜密,有较强的说教目的和一定的语言深度。显 著 特 点所选议论文通常有两类：一类是一开始作者仅仅是列举生活中的现象,而不表明自己的观点,然后通过对具体现象的分析,自然得出一种结论,这种结论往往就是作,高考一轮总复习,者的论点；第二类是开门见山地点明要阐述的观点,然后通过类比等手段来证明该观点。技 巧 点 拨1.要做好高考完形填空中的议论文,最主要的是要抓住作者议论的中心,也就是要理清文章的论点、论据和结论。论点在文章中的位置：(1)开头。大多数文章开门见山,在开头直接提出中心论点,文章围绕中心论点逐层论述。(2)结尾。少数文章通过论述,在文章结尾处归纳出全文的中心论点。2.明确论点、理清论据后,将论据与结论有机并符合逻辑地结合起来；只有在逻辑清楚正确的基础上,才能对空格处的缺词作出正确的判断。,第三编 高 考 专 题,典例剖析 Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining(留住)customers.It sounds simple and achievable.But,1_,words of wisdom are soon forgotten.Once companies have attracted customers they often 2_ the second half of the story.In the excitement of beating off the competition,negotiating prices,securing orders,and delivering the product,managers tend to become carried away.They forget what they regard as the boring side of business3 _ that the customer remains a customer.4_ to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually.It has been estimated that the average,B,C,B,D,高考一轮总复习,company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every year.In constantly changing 5 _,this is not surprising.What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the6_ implications.Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big 7_ in its performance.Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting(流失的)customers led to 8_ increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.In the US,Dominos Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than$5,000 over ten years.A,A,C,D,C,第三编 高 考 专 题,customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and 9_ never returns,is losing the company thousands of dollars in 10_ profits(more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).The logic behind cultivating customer 11_ is impossible to deny.“In practice most companies marketing effort is focused on getting customers,with little attention paid to 12_ them,”says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University School of Management.Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits.13 _ customers tend to buy more,are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers.,A,B,B,C,C,高考一轮总复习,Furthermore,they tend to be less price 14_,and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising.Retaining customers also makes it15_ for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.1.A.in particular B.in reality C.at least D.first of all2.A.emphasize B.doubt C.overlook D.believe3.A.denying B.ensuring C.arguing D.proving4.A.Moving B.Hoping C.S