最新脑部构课件PPT文档.ppt
培训格式,学习目标1.大脑,学习目标 1:大脑解释大脑的功能。识别中枢神经系统的主要解剖结构及其功能。,学习目标2.脑保护,学习目标 2:脑保护识别大脑最外层保护。认知脑脊液及其循环。识别脑膜及其功能。,学习目标3.脑血管结构,学习目标 3:脑血管结构识别主动脉弓远端，对颅内供血的主要血管。识别前循环血管。识别后循环血管。,学习目标1.脑,学习目标 1:脑解释脑的功能。识别中枢神经系统的主要解剖结构及其功能。,脑功能,E,脑复杂的生理结构启动和协调我们的躯体功能和运动。处理我们接收的所有外部感官信息，产生我们内部世界的思想、感受和记忆。决定我们的个性。,C1.10,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,脑损伤,E,脑的疾病或损伤会严重影响我们的生活质量和社会功能。脑血管结构十分复杂，通过包括小血管在内的血管网络给脑供血。在某些病例中，脑血管结构会存在单一或多个病种。,C1.11,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,脑神经元,E,C1.12,神经元这种颅内细胞对缺氧十分敏感，称为缺血。持续性缺血造成这类细胞死亡。由于缺血而最终死亡的神经元和其它脑细胞形成脑损伤。,中枢神经系统组成,E,C1.20,中枢神经系统(CNS)大脑(左侧和右侧大脑半球)小脑中脑桥脑延髓脊髓颅神经,Photo of image taken by a BSC representative.,中枢神经系统大脑,E,大脑两个半球(左侧和右侧)每个大脑半球控制对侧的躯体，包括四个脑叶:额叶顶叶枕叶颞叶,C1.21,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,右侧半球,左侧半球,中枢神经系统 大脑半球,E,E1.21,额叶,顶叶,枕叶,颞叶,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,中枢神经系统小脑,小脑在脑组织后部，枕叶下方。协调我们的运动功能。病变产生同侧躯体的症状。,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,小脑,C1.22,中枢神经系统脑干,脑干3 部分组成:中脑桥脑延髓作为接力站，在不同躯体部位和大脑皮层间交互传递信息。意识中枢。,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,C1.23,中枢神经系统大脑半球,E,R1.21,A,B,C,D,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,学习目标2.脑保护,学习目标 2:脑保护识别大脑最外层保护。认知脑脊液及其循环。识别脑膜及其功能。,脑保护头骨,E,头骨扁平骨，通过骨缝交错结合。额骨顶骨枕骨颞骨蝶骨这是最外层的保护。,C2.10,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,脑保护颅底孔,E,在颅底，脊髓、血管和神经通过孔进入颅内。,C2.11,枕骨大孔,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,脑保护脑膜,E,脑膜包覆并保护中枢神经系统,内含静脉窦，控制脑脊液，在颅骨内部形成结缔组织并且分区。3层(从外向内)硬脑膜。蛛网膜。软脑膜。,C2.30,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,脑保护脑膜,E,E2.30,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,头皮,软脑膜,蛛网膜下腔,蛛网膜,硬脑膜,颅内动脉,脑保护脑脊液,E,脑脊液(CSF),存在于颅内，包绕着脑组织和脊髓。是无色透明的液态物质，减缓脑和脊髓的震动，避免损伤。,C2.20,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,脑保护脑脊液,E,E2.20,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,蛛网膜下腔,脑保护脉络膜/脑室,E,CSF主要由脉络膜产生 脉络膜位于脑室中脑脊液在脑室中循环，脑室连接脊髓中央管。CSF被脉络膜颗粒吸收，然后回流至全身血液循环。,C2.21,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,脑保护脉络膜/脑室,E,E2.21,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,侧脑室,第三脑室,第四脑室,脑保护脑膜,E,R2.30,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,A,E,D,C,B,F,G,脑保护脉络膜/脑室,E,R2.21,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,A,B,C,学习目标3.脑血管结构,学习目标 3:脑血管结构识别主动脉弓远端，对颅内供血的主要血管。识别前循环血管。识别后循环血管。,脑血管结构主要血管,主动脉弓左颈总动脉左锁骨下动脉左椎动脉头臂干右椎动脉右颈总动脉,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,C3.10,脑血管结构主要血管,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,E3.10,主动脉弓,左颈总动脉,左锁骨下动脉,左椎动脉,头臂干,右颈总动脉,右椎动脉,脑血管结构颅内供血,E,功能:前循环:大脑供血.后循环:小脑和大脑后部供血.Willis环:前后循环之间的联系,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,C3.11,脑血管结构前循环:颈内动脉,功能:前循环:大脑供血.颈总动脉颈内动脉为大脑供血岩段海绵窦段虹吸段,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,C3.20,脑血管结构前循环:颈内动脉,E3.20,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,岩段,海绵窦段,床突上段,颈段,脑血管结构前循环:颈内动脉,E3.20,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,岩段,海绵窦段,床突上段,颈段,眼动脉,后交通动脉,脑血管结构前循环:ACA&MCA,功能:前循环:大脑供血.大脑前动脉为中部大脑供血。大脑中动脉为侧面大脑供血。,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,C3.21,脑血管结构前循环:ACA&MCA,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,E3.21,脑血管结构前循环:ACA&MCA,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,E3.21,脑血管结构前循环:,E3.20,脑血管结构后循环,E,功能:后循环:为脑干、小脑和大脑后部供血。椎动脉基底动脉,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,C3.30,脑血管结构后循环,E3.30,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,脑血管结构后循环,E3.30,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,脑血管结构Willis环,The“酒吧高脚凳”Willis环为前后循环提供联系酒吧高脚凳的腿ICAsVerts&Basilar酒吧高脚凳的座ACAsAcomPcomsPCAs,C3.40,脑血管结构Willis环,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,E3.40,椎动脉,基底动脉,颈内动脉,前交通动脉,大脑前动脉,后交通动脉,大脑后动脉,脑血管结构Willis环,E3.40,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,脑血管动脉Willis环,E3.40,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,大脑后动脉,后交通动脉,大脑前动脉,前交通动脉,椎动脉,基底动脉,颈内动脉,脑血管结构Willis环,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,E3.40,脑血管结构Willis环,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,E3.40,大脑后动脉,后交通动脉,大脑前动脉,前交通动脉,椎动脉,基底动脉,颈内动脉,脑血管结构Willis环,E3.40,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,前交通动脉,颈内动脉,大脑前动脉,后交通动脉,大脑后动脉,基底动脉,椎动脉,脑血管结构前循环:颈内动脉,R3.20,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,E,D,A,F,B,C,脑血管结构Willis环,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,R3.40,D,C,B,A,G,F,E,BAR STOOL SEAT ARTERIES,BAR STOOL LEG ARTERIES,脑血管结构Willis环,R3.40,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,D,C,B,A,G,F,E,BAR STOOL SEAT ARTERIES,BAR STOOL LEG ARTERIES,脑血管结构Willis环,R3.40,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,D,G,E,F,A,B,C,Bone?(1),神经解剖,T,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,Artery?(4),Segment?(5),Segment?(6),Artery?(2),Artery?(3),Segment?(8),Segment?(7),神经解剖,E,T,Netter Presenter Image 2007 Icon Learning Systems.All rights reserved.,9,13,12,11,10,
