最新【医药健康】生殖道支原体感染PPT文档.ppt

Overview综述,2000-2003:a pilot study of 100%condom use program(CUP)based on entertainment establishments(EE)was implemented in Wuhan city.funded by WHO and supported by MOH of China.evaluation results indicated that the 100%CUP is feasible and effective for STI/HIV prevention and control in China.2000-2003年在武汉娱乐场所开展100%安全套项目世界卫生组织提供资金，卫生部支持开展此活动评估显示100%安全套项目在预防性病和艾滋病方面是可行而且是有效果的,Overview 综述,2004-present:The 100%CUP is expanded in the whole of Hubei province,playing a crucial role in preventing sexual transmission of HIV/AIDS.2004年-现在100%安全套项目扩展到湖北全省,在预防性传播疾病中起到重要的作用,The Rate of Condom Use and the Rate of STI among Female Sex Workers during the Pilot Study in Wuhan,China.项目过程中武汉女性性工作者使用安全套和性病的比例,Year,安全套使用率Rate of Condom Use（%）,性病率Rate of STI（%）,Outcomes and Conclusions of the Pilot Study in Wuhan,China中国武汉试点研究成果与结论,Outcomes:成果Full involvement and positive support of leadership from different levels of the government;各级政府的参与和支持High compliance of EE owners and sex workers with the pilot;娱乐场所的老板和性工作者对项目的认同Increased accessibility and acceptability of condoms;安全套的易获得性和接受程度的提高,Outcomes and Conclusions of the Pilot Study in Wuhan,China中国武汉试点研究成果与结论,Improved cognition and knowledge of STI/HIV/AIDS among sex workers提高了性工作者对性病/艾滋病的认知Increased condom use rate and decreased STI rate among sex workers提高了性工作者使用安全套的比率,降低了性传播疾病,Outcomes and Conclusions of the Pilot Study in Wuhan,China中国武汉试点研究成果与结论,Conclusions结论:Implementation of 100%CUP is feasible and effective in China.Important mechanism is to have Government leadership,support of public security(and other sectors),initiated and coordinated by public health and cooperation of EEs.安全套百分百的项目在中国的实施是灵活有效的，重要的做法是得到政府领导，公安部门以及多部门的支持，由卫生部门负责协调并与娱乐场所合作。,The Coverage of 100%CUP Expansion in Hubei百分百安全套项目在湖北拓展的覆盖面,2004：Areas区域：48 counties in Hubei.湖北48县Range范围：locations of county government;resorts;places set EEs.县政府的所在地，度假村，娱乐场所。,2005-present2005年至今：Area区域:All 98 counties in Hubei湖北所有98县.Range范围:locations of county government;resorts;places set EEs.县政府所在地，度假村，娱乐场所,Strategies Used for Expansion in Hubei湖北省拓展的战略,Policy advocacy:政策倡导To achieve a supportive policy from different levels of the government;To contract a promise with EE owners and sex workers to the“No Condom,No Sex”policy.从不同层级的政府获取政策上的支持与娱乐场所的老板和性工作者签署“性必套”政策,Strategies Used for Expansion in Hubei湖北省拓展的战略,Mechanism construction:建制To establish institutes for conducting the project and prescribe their responsibility;成立研究所以指导项目并讲明责任To create the procedures of operation,evaluation and sanction measures.创建一整套运作、评估和批准的标准程序。,Strategies Used for Expansion in Hubei湖北省拓展的战略,Behavioral intervention：行为干预To improve sex workers cognition,knowledge and skill of HIV/STI prevention for promoting behavioral change;To provide STI services for increasing compliance;为了促进性工作者的行为改变要提升这些人的认识、知识和预防性病艾滋病的技巧为了满足需要而提供预防性病的多种服务,Strategies Used for Expansion in Hubei湖北省拓展的战略,To improve condom supply for enhancing the accessibility and the acceptability of condom.为了改善安全套的供应以促进安全套的易获得和易接受,Policy Support for Expanding 100%CUP in Hubei Province支持百分百安全套项目拓展的政策,The provincial Government promulgated following provincial regulations related to condom promotion in EEs,in 2004:省政府2004年发布如下有关在娱乐场所推广安全套条 例：Notions for Strengthening AIDS Prevention;加强预防艾滋病的意见 Provisional Measures on AIDS Prevention and Control;艾滋病预防及控制的暂行措施,*Issued by Provincial Health Department省卫生局发布,Policy Support for Expanding 100%CUP in Hubei Province支持百分百安全套项目拓展的政策,Notice on Expanding Condom Use for AIDS Prevention;为了预防艾滋病推广安全套使用的意见 Guidelines for Implementing 100%CUP in Hubei*.在湖北省实施百分百安全套项目的指导意见,Involvement of Various Sectors多部门的合作,AIDS Prevention Committee consists of various sectors,such as public security,public health,industrial and commercial,financial,etc.艾滋病预防委员会由多部门组成，如：安全厅、卫生厅、工商局、财政厅等等；Responsibilities of every sector in the expansion were prescribed;对于每个部门的应付责任都有规定Detailed plans and proposals implemented under the responsibility were framed.在应负责任的规定下有具体的实施计划和实施文本,Implemental Plans and Technical Guides实施计划和技术方案与指南,Human and Financial Resources人力及财力资源,Local CDCs are responsible for operation of expansion,such as health education,physical examination,training,monitoring,Volunteer recruitment for peer education and outreach,etc.当地的疾控中心负责实施拓展，如：卫生教育，体检，培训，评估，招募同伴教育和外展服务的志愿者，等等；Different governments level allocate annual budget to support for 100%CUP expansion.为百分百安全套项目的拓展各级政府部门每年给以经费的支持,Monitoring,Supervising and Evaluating检查 监督 评估,To monitor and evaluate regularly indicators and progress of expansion,and feed back to local governments:将定期检查和评估指标以及拓展的进展情况反馈当地政府：The status of condom supply;安全套供应情况The rates of STI/HIV/AIDS;性病/艾滋病的发病率,Monitoring,Supervising and Evaluating检查 监督 评估,To monitor and evaluate regularly indicators and progress of expansion,and feed back to local governments(continues):将定期检查和评估指标以及拓展的进展情况反馈当地政府(续）：Knowledge of STI/HIV prevention;The rate of condom use.性病/艾滋病预防知识安全套的使用率,The Rate of Condom Use and Knowledge among Sex Workers during the Expansion安全套使用率和拓展期间性工作者的知识知晓,LESSONS AND PROBLEMS LEARNED IN THE EXPANSION 拓展中的经验与教训,Enhancing leadership of government and involvement of multiple sectors is the key to successful expansion.拓展成功的关键在于政府领导的增强以及多部门的参与Improving EE owners compliance is helpful to the achievement of indicators.娱乐场所老板的配合帮助达到各项项目指标Strengthening current available resources,including human,financial,etc.,is necessary for expanding.加强现有资源的利用，包括人力、财力等等，是拓展成功的必然 项目,LESSONS AND PROBLEMS LEARNED IN THE EXPANSION拓展中的经验与教训,It is not a easy job to accomplish sustained behavioral change for the risk group in a short period of time.Condom promotion should be a long-term strategy of HIV prevention in Hubei,and China as well.在短时间内完成关键人群行为的改变并不是件容易的工作，在湖北，以至全国为了预防艾滋病推广安全套使用应是一项长期的战略,LESSONS AND PROBLEMS LEARNED IN THE EXPANSION拓展中的经验与教训,National AIDS Control Regulation(effect from Mar 2006)will help consolidate the scaling up of 100%CUP nationwide.国家艾滋病防控条例（2006年3月起实施）将有助于在全国范围内巩固和扩展百分白案全套,Thanks谢谢,肝癌是指发生于肝脏的恶性肿瘤，包括原发性肝癌和转移性肝癌两种，人们日常说的肝癌指的多是原发性肝癌。原发性肝癌是临床上最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，根据最新统计，全世界每年新发肝癌患者约六十万，居恶性肿瘤的第五位。原发性肝癌按细胞分型可分为肝细胞型肝癌、胆管细胞型肝癌及混合型肝癌。按肿瘤的形态可分为结节型、巨块型和弥漫型。原发性肝癌在我国属于高发病，一般男性多于女性。中国是乙肝大国，我国的肝癌多在乙肝肝硬化的基础上发展而来，丙肝病人也在逐渐增加，乙肝后也会发展为肝癌。目前我国发病人数约占全球的半数以上，占全球肝癌病人的55%，已经成为严重威胁我国人民健康和生命的一大杀手，其危险性不容小视。1 发病原因总的来说，原发性肝癌的病因至今未能完全阐明，但已证明与以下因素密切相关：1、病毒性肝炎：流行病学统计表明，乙肝流行的地区也是肝癌的高发地区，患过乙肝的人比没有患过乙肝的人患肝癌的机会要高10倍之多。长期的临床观察中发现，肝炎、肝硬化、肝癌是不断迁移演变的三部曲。近来研究表明，与肝癌有关的病毒性肝炎主要包括乙型肝炎（HBV）、丙型肝炎（BCV），而其中又以乙型肝炎最为常见。2、酒精：俗话说“饮酒伤肝”，饮酒并不是肝癌的直接病因，但它的作用类似于催化剂，能够促进肝癌的发生和进展。有长期酗酒嗜好者容易诱发肝癌。这是因为酒精进入人体后，主要在肝脏进行分解代谢，酒精对肝细胞的毒性使肝细胞对脂肪酸的分解和代谢发生障碍，引起肝内脂肪沉积而造成脂肪肝。饮酒越多，脂肪肝也就越严重，进而引起肝纤维化、肝硬化、肝癌的发生。,医学健康系列精品课件,最好的专业文档，免费在线浏览，下载后可以修改编辑，欢迎下载收藏。,