主谓一致课件 (2).ppt

Unit 1 Useful structure,主谓一致南宁十五中学 高一 彭华凤,Useful structures主谓一致,语法详解：所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。,The boy _ diving.,They _ diving.,Both Jack and Tim _ diving.,All of them _ diving.,Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.,is,are,are,is,are,Finish the following exercises:,Bob,Bob _ a worker.,is,Mike,Mike and Bob _ workers.,are,Both Mike and Bob _workers.,are,Neither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.,is,Bill,Neither of them _(know)how to teach English.,knows/know,All of them _ workers.,None of them _(know)how to teach English.,are,knows/know,主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：,1.and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：(1)He and I _both students of this school.如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。,语法一致原则=形式一致,are,(2)但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物,或者指同一概念的时候,谓语要用单数。,The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance.那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。The knife and fork _on the table.刀叉在桌子上。,is,is,2.如果主语是不定式,动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。What he is doing _(seem)very important.他正在做的事情看起来很重要。Collecting stamps _(be)his hobby.收集邮票是他的爱好。,seems,is,Or,either.or;neither.nor;not only.but also,whether.or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。,就近原则,Neither you nor I am wrong.There _(be)a cup of tea and some apples on the table.Not only the students but also the teacher _(wish)for a holiday.,is,wishes,Rather than,with,along with,together with,as well as,besides,like,without,except,but,including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数使用就远原则。例如：The teacher,together with his students,_ planting trees in the street.老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。The mother as well as her two children _to the park every weekend.You rather than I _going to do the job.,就远原则,is,goes,are,仔细观察下列每对句子的不同之处，与你的同学讨论这些差异出现的可能的原因。1).My family is a large family.My family are sitting at the breakfast table.2)All are here except the chairman.All is done,so we can go home now.3)Her trousers are beautiful indeed.A pair of new trousers is in your suitcase.4).The police are looking for the lost boy.The policeman is on duty in the street.,意义一致原则,所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式,而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数,但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数,但在意义上却是单数。,1.不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。,All of the apples _rotten.所有的苹果都烂了。All of the apple _rotten.整个苹果都烂了。不定代词all,more,some,any,none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。,are,is,None of the money_ left.没有剩下一点钱。None of the students _ there.没有学生在那里。,is,is,2.every.and every.;each.and each.;no.and no.在以上短 语中and连接的单数名词,整个短语 在句中作主语时,谓语动词常使用单数。Each man and each woman _(be)asked to attend.,Every boy and every girl in the class _(be)diligent.班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。No sound and no voice _（be）heard.听不到任何声音。,is,is,3.集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。,His family _a big one(be).他们是个大家庭。His family _all music lovers.他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。集合名词作主语,动词可用单数,也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数；指全体人员时,动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public,family,class,crowd,population,team,group。,is,are,4.某些名词如people,police,cattle等,形式上是单数,但意义上是复数,谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。The police _(be)searching for a thief.The cattle _(be)eating grass on the hill.,are,are,5.某些名词如clothes,trousers,shoes,glasses等,通常只用其复数形式,但当它们被a pair of 修饰时,谓语动词用单数。如:The pair of shoes _(be)worn out.这双鞋破了。The shoes _(be)worn out.鞋子破了。,is,are,6.有些名词的单数和复数形式一样,作主语的时候,其谓语动词由上下文决定,这一类名词有:means,works,deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese等。Not every means _(be)useful.不是每种方法都好使。Not all means _(be)useful.不是所有的方法都好使。,is,are,7.the rest of;half of;part of;majority of;percent of;one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。,Half of the students _finished theircomposition.一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Half of the apple _bad.一半的苹果坏了。About 60 percent of the students in ourschool _boys.我们学校,大约百分之六十的学生是男生.,have,is,are,8.以a number of 作主语时,谓语动词用复数;以the number of 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。A number of new books _(be)on the desk.The number of students in you class _(be)50.,are,is,9.如果主语由“the+形容词(或过去分词)”表示一类人，结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有:the homeless,the poor,the rich,the blind,the young,the old,the sick,the dead,the injured,the wounded,the unemployed 等;The blind _(study)in special school.The homeless _(be)welcome to the place whenever it is.,study,are,高考链接,1.As a result of destroying the forests,a large _ of desert _ covered the land.(上海2001）A.number;has B.quantity;has C.number;have D.quantity;have,B,精析：a large number of 后面要接复数名词，所以A不能作为答案。因为desert是单数，所以要填 has。这句话的意思是“毁坏森林的结果是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地”答案 B,2._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(上海2000)A.Two fifth,is B.Two fifth,are C.Two fifths,is D.Two fifths,are,C,精析:分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词表示.如果分子大于1,分母序数词后加-s.分数和百分比作主语时,谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后面的名词.句子中的主语 land是单数,所以谓语动词要用is covered.答案C.,3._ people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.（上海2001）A.Several million B.Many millions C.Several millions D.Many million,A,精析:在million前如果有具体的数字或 several等词时，要用单数形式。many一般不与 million等词连用.表示“数百万”，英语为 millions of。这句话的意思是“每天，世界上有几十万人通过 e-mail传递信息。”答案 A。,4.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture,but when and where _ yet.(浙江2007)A.hasnt been decided B.havent decided C.isnt being decided D.arent decided点拨“when and where(to do sth.或+从句)”作主语时，谓语通常用单数。由题意可知要用被动，又由yet可知要用完成时态。,A,5.The father as well as his three children _ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.(辽宁2006)A.is goingB.goC.goesD.are going点拨 句子主语要和as well as 前面的成分the father保持一致，故谓语动词要用单数，又由every Sunday afternoon in winter可知应该用一般现在时。,C,6.He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.(上海2002春)A.is B.are C.have been D.has been,D,7._ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(上海2000)A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are,C,分数或百分数+of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数与名词的数一致。,单复数同形的名词作主语时，依照意义一致的原则，表示单数意义时，谓语用单数；反之，谓语用复数形式。这类名词有：sheep,deer,means(方法、手段),works(工厂),species(种类),8.We live day by day,but in the great things,the time of days and weeks _ so small that a day is unimportant.(湖南2007)is B.are C.has been D.have been,A,9.As you can see,the number of cars on our roads _ rising these days.(2006全国卷II)A.was keeping B.keep C.keeps D.were keeping10.A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.(江苏2006)A.is B.are C.was D.were,A,C,11.Most of what has been said about the Smiths _ also true of the Johnsons.(安徽2006)A.are B.is C.being D.to be 12.The country life he was used to _ greatly since 1992.(山东2005)A.changeB.has changedC.changingD.have changed,B,B,13.Professor Smith,along with his assistants,_ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.(上海2005)A.work B.workingC.is working D.are working14.Nowadays,a large number of women,especially those from the countryside,_ in the clothing industry.(辽宁2005)A.is working B.works C.work D.worked,C,C,Homework,Finish the exercises in USING STRUCTURES on Page 43.,