中考完型填空解题策略（修改版）.ppt

新化十四中 陈慧华,中考英语专题,完形填空的解题策略,我将从以下八个方面进行说明,完形填空的内涵测试梯度考查的能力命题特点解题技巧解题步骤应考对策备考方案,一.完形填空的内涵,Cloze test直译为中文后，其意为“闭合，使完整的测试”。这项考题的理论基础是：将人们对事物全部、完整的理解看作是一个闭合的圆，则圆上的任意两点之间都有着逻辑上的关系。如果从这个圆上任意挖去一点或数点，应该可以根据这种内在的逻辑关系将其推导还原出来，最终使其闭合，恢复成一个完整的圆，即将人们对事物的理解重新还原。,二、完形填空试题的测试梯度,完形填空试题包含四个考点层次：单词（word=W）层次(词义与词形）词组（phrase=P）层次（固定搭配和习惯用法）句子（sentence=S）层次（上下文与语法分析）语篇（discourse=D）层次（语感与逻辑推理）,三.完形填空题型主要考查学生以 下几方面的能力,1.综合型阅读理解能力2.语言运用能力 A.短语和惯用语 B.句型 C.语法3.逻辑推理能力4.把握作者意图的能力,四.近几年娄底市中考完形填空命题的特点,1)文章体裁多为记叙文且题材广泛，故事性、趣味性强，结构完整、内容贴近生活实际，符合初中生阅读心理和认知规律，文章首句不设空。,2)遵循“以实词为主，虚词为辅，突出词汇考查语境化”的命题原则。,3)侧重考查考生把握全文，根据上下文的逻辑关系进行综合分析、推理判断等运用英语的能力。,(附)娄底市中考完形填空特点,(附)娄底市中考完形填空特点,1、context（上下文、语境）,3、regular collocation（固定搭配）,2、logic（逻辑）,五.完形填空的解题技巧(Skills of Cloze Tests),4、grammar analysis（语法分析）,5、background knowledge（背景知识）,Skill 1：Context（上下文、语境）,例1：In New York,on a Friday night,a young artist stood at the gate of a train station.He was playing his _1_.His music was so great that many people put money into his hat.The next day,the young artist came to the same place,and played the violin as usual.,1.A.piano B.guitar C.violin,violin,violin,例2：When we talked,I discovered（发现）some differences in school life between the US and China.For example,each class lasts fifty minutes in the US.It is a little _2_ than that in China.We usually have forty-five minutes in each class.,2.A.shorter B.longer C.earlier,fifty,Skill 2：Logic（逻辑推理）,forty-five,Skill 2：Logic（逻辑推理）,例3：My mother often asked me，“What is the most important part of the body?”I thought sound was very important to us as humans，so I said“My _3_，Mommy”She said，“NoMany people are deaf（聋的）,3.A.ears B.eyes C.body,sound,deaf,例4：When two people are in a conversation,the speaker will look at the listener from time to time,in order to make sure that the listener does _4_ attention to what he or she is speaking,4.A.get B.make C.pay,pay attention to,pay,Skill 3：Regular Collocation（固定搭配）,Skill 3：Regular Collocation（固定搭配）,例5：In the morning,the king went to visit the pond.To his surprise,the pond was only filled with water!What happened?Yes!Everyone had the same idea 5 that man.,5.A.with B.to C.as,the same,as,Skill 4：Grammar Analysis（语法分析）,例6：As a reporter,I think I will meet lots of people and I should be friendly to them.I think Ill also make many good 6 and live with them,because I dont like living alone.,6.A.friend B.friends C.friends,many,s,Skill 5：Background Knowledge（背景知识）,例7：All over the world people swim for fun.Swimming is enjoyed by people of 7 ages,from the very young to the very old.There are many places for people to swim in the world.,7.A.all B.none C.some,六.完形填空的解题步骤(Steps of Cloze Tests),1、跳过空格，通读全文，掌握大意,3、复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案,2、瞻前顾后，先易后难，各个击破,Today,we will talk about the problems we have these days.We all know the _31_ of dogs and the objects falling from windows are getting worse.We have _32_ lots of letters about such problems.So_33_ is time for possible ways to work out these problems.Some dog-owners dont take care of their dogs well enough,and they let their dogs make mess on the roads and in gardens.This makes the environment _34_.I would like to tell the dog-owners that their behavior is too bad,and at the same time they are making people feel unhappy.We should keep the environment _35.It is reported that some people_36_ rubbish out of the windows.It is dangerous because falling objects may_37_ others.It is against the law.We should put up a notice to teach people not to do so.If it is found,we will record the_38_ and addresses of those people who throw objects.Then,a warning will be given and_39_ will be punished by law.A _40_ and comfortable living environment is important to us.If we try our best to care for our community,it will be a good place to live in.,Step 1：Read-through（跳过空格、通读全文、掌握大意）,Which is the main idea of the passage?,Its about the rubbish out of the windows that may hurt others.Its about the dogs that the owners dont take good care of.Its about the problems in our community and how to solve them.,通过快速阅读找关键词和中心句把握短文主旨,Today,we will talk about the problems we have these days.We all know the _31_ of dogs and the objects falling from windows are getting worse.We have _32_ lots of letters about such problems.So_33_ is time for possible ways to work out these problems.Some dog-owners dont take care of their dogs well enough,and they let their dogs make mess on the roads and in gardens.This makes the environment _34_.I would like to tell the dog-owners that their behavior is too bad,and at the same time they are making people feel unhappy.We should keep the environment _35_.It is reported that some people_36_ rubbish out of the windows.It is dangerous because falling objects may_37_ others.It is against the law.We should put up a notice to teach people not to do so.If it is found,we will record the_38_ and addresses of those people who throw objects.Then,a warning will be given and_39_ will be punished by law.A _40_and comfortable living environment is important to us.If we try our best to care for our community,it will be a good place to live in.,Step 2：Easy first,hard later（瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破）,Today,we will talk about the problems we have these days.We all know the _31_ of dogs and the objects falling from windows are getting worse.We have _32_ lots of letters about such problems.So_33_ is time for possible ways to work out these problems.Some dog-owners dont take care of their dogs well enough,and they let their dogs make mess on the roads and in gardens.This makes the environment _34_.I would like to tell the dog-owners that their behavior is too bad,and at the same time they are making people feel unhappy.We should keep the environment _35.It is reported that some people_36_ rubbish out of the windows.It is dangerous because falling objects may_37_ others.It is against the law.We should put up a notice to teach people not to do so.If it is found,we will record the_38_ and addresses of those people who throw objects.Then,a warning will be given and_39_ will be punished by law.A _40_and comfortable living environment is important to us.If we try our best to care for our community,it will be a good place to live in.,()31 A.lessons B.problems C.classes()32 A.made B.opened C.received()33 A.that B.i t C.this,B,C,B,Paragraph 1:Today,we will talk about the problems we have these days.We all know the _31_ of dogs and the objects falling from windows are getting worse.We have _32_ lots of letters about such problems.So _33_ is time for us to find out possible ways to work out these problems.,3“problems”,letters,Paragraph 2:Some dog-owners dont take care of their dogs well enough,and they let their dogs make mess on the roads and in gardens.This makes the environment _34_.I would like to tell the dog-owners that their behavior is too bad,and at the same time they are making people feel unhappy.We should keep the environment _ 35_.,A,A,()34 A.dirty B.quiet C.noisy()35 A.pleasant B.important C.useful,()36 A.pull B.throw C.take()37 A.hurt B.help C.move()38 A.ages B.hobbies C.names()39A.We B.they C.you,Paragraph 3:It is reported that some people_36_ rubbish out of the windows.It is dangerous because falling objects may_37_ others.It is against the law.We should put up a notice to teach people not to do so.If it is found,we will record the_38 _ and addresses of those people who throw objects out of their windows.Then,a warning will be given and_39_ will be punished by law.,B,A,C,B,throw,Paragraph 4:A _40_ and comfortable living environment is important to us.If we try our best to care for our community,it will be a good place to live in.,B,()40 A.safety B.safe C.safely,comfortable,Today,we will talk about the problems we have these days.We all know the _31_ of dogs and the objects falling from windows are getting worse.We have _32_ lots of letters about such problems.So_33_ is time for possible ways out these problems.Some dog-owners dont take care of their dogs well enough,and they let their dogs make mess on the roads and in gardens.This makes the environment _34_.I would like to tell the dog-owners that their behavior is too bad,and at the same time they are making people feel unhappy.We should keep the environment _35_.It is reported that some people_36_ rubbish out of the windows.It is dangerous because falling objects may_37_ others.It is against the law.We should put up a notice to teach people not to do so.If it is found,we will record the_38_ and address of those people who throw objects.Then,a warning will be given and_39_ will be punished by law.A _40_ and comfortable living environment is important to us.If we try our best to care for our community,it will be a good place to live in.,Step 3:Re-read and check（复读全文，逐个核对，验证答案）,七、完形填空的应考策略,1注重首、尾句段。2克服畏难、急躁情绪,耐心通读全文。3切勿看到一个空格就急着选出一个答 案，必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。4动笔时先易后难,注意从文中同样结构或 类似结构中寻找提示，大胆地作出猜测。5如果选项从语法角度无法确定，则必须从 语篇(前提示、后暗示)意义上加以鉴别。,八、完形填空题的备考方案,2.增加词汇数量，巩固语法知识,1注重阅读教学，增强阅读能力,3.扩大背景知识，提高阅读技巧,平时在英语阅读教学时，应侧重语言基础知识的积累并注意文章句与句之间、段与段之间层次关系以及段落之间的思维逻辑与语言形式方面的内在联系。课外要求学生多读一些阅读材料，每个学生可根据自己的兴趣选择难易适中的英语课外读物。我们可为学生选用的课外阅读材料主要来自于九年级英语泛读、初中英语课外阅读、中学生英语阅读与欣赏（初中版）和英语辅导报等。,1注重阅读教学，增强阅读能力,词汇是语言的基本要素之一，词汇量的大小直接影响到阅读和理解的能力及信息传递。学生记住词汇问题不大，但是要在考试中认出识忆词汇却不容易。这主要是因为识忆词汇在教材中出现的频率不高，学生们往往只记住了识忆词汇的含义却缺乏举一反三的运用能力，从而使得这些单词成为考试中的拦路虎。针对此问题，教师可以让学生进行大量阅读，因为大量阅读，可以弥补识忆词汇在教材中出现频率较少的缺憾，而且还能够通过大量阅读不同的语篇，领会同一词汇方方面面的不同含义，以及派生出来的各种词性，为将来灵活运用这些词汇打下坚实的基础。,2.增加词汇数量，巩固语法知识,帮助学生记忆单词还可以从构词法入手，通过了解英语单词的内在规律，而有机掌握单词。英语主要的构词法是派生法（即把词缀（前后缀）附加在词根上构成新的词汇）。因此，学生一旦了解常用词根和前后缀的含义，对于记忆单词和掌握词汇是大有好处的。此外，学生还需要掌握由基本单词派生而来新的词汇，以扩大词汇量。在日常教学中，教师还可以教会学生采用合并、归类的方法，注意积累同义词、反义词等，提及语法知识，许多学生自以为学得扎实的就是语法知识。但是传统的英语语法，无论是在教学过程中，还是在学习的过程中，往往只局限于句子的框架，而没有注意到语篇结构问题，这也就难怪学生在遇到段落较长、结构较为复杂的“完形填空”时，手足无措。因此，教师应教会学生改变自己的学习习惯，树立语篇的概念，从句子入手，注意学习连句成段、连段成章的方法，提高自己在语篇结构上的语法运用能力。,3.扩大背景知识，提高阅读技巧,Thank you!,