新生儿膈疝麻醉PPT课件文档资料.ppt
新生儿膈疝,新生儿膈疝(congenital diaphragmatic hernia,CDH):由于胚胎时期膈肌闭合不全,至单侧或双侧膈肌缺陷,部分腹部脏器通过缺损处进入胸腔,造成解剖关系异常的一种疾病,分胸腹裂孔疝、食管裂孔疝和先天性胸骨后疝。,主要合并症,支气管肺发育不良:腹腔脏器进入胸腔压迫肺脏,使肺动脉扭曲、动脉壁增厚、血管床横断面积减少 新生儿持续性肺动脉高压(PPHN),基本情况,女 4天 3.5kg 37+5w生后一天麻醉下行胸腔镜下膈疝修补术未关腹脏器置于腹腔外因外置肠管血供差拟行剖腹探查术术前诊断:膈疝术后 PDA,PPHN,术前情况,NICU:FPO辅助通气 有创动脉压监测SPO2:88%HR:195bpmBP:40/22(28)mmhgEpinephrine:0.8ug/kg.minMilrinone:0.3ug/kg.min入室后:SPO2:(左下肢)85%,(右上肢)98%BP:55/36(42)mmhg HR:200bpm,术中管理,常频通气:PIP:20-24cmh20 RR:35 PEEP:5cmh20ETCO2:30-35mmhg SPO2:98-100(上下肢)药物:Fentanyl:20ug/kgDopamine:5ug/kg.minEpinephrine:0.8-0.2-0 ug/kg.minMilrinone:0.5ug/kg.minNorepinephrine:0.10.2 ug/kg.minFurosemide:3mg,术中情况,术中补液,问题:,一:膈疝合并肺高压麻醉如何处理?二:血管活性药物如何选择?,目标,改善氧合 纠正右向左分流维持循环稳定,维持SAP,降低PAP,新生儿持续性肺高压(PPHN),常见原因,肺血管痉挛:新生儿窒息;ARDS;肺炎;酸中毒等肺细动脉平滑肌过度增生:先心病;宫内缺氧等肺部血管截面积减少:原发性肺发育不良;先天性膈疝;肺囊肿等,PPHN CDH,Pediatric Pulmonary Hypertension:Guidelines From the American Heart Association and American Thoracic Society;Circulation.2015;132:2037-2099.,药物选择:,Dopamine:5ug/kg.minEpinephrine:0.8-0.2-0 ug/kg.minMilrinone:0.5ug/kg.minNorepinephrine:0.10.2 ug/kg.min,Pulmonary Circulatory Effects of Norepinephrine in Newborn Infants withPersistent Pulmonary Hypertension;The Journal of Pediatrics September 2008,Pulmonary vasodilator effects of norepinephrine during the development of chronic pulmonary hypertension in neonatal lambs British Journal of Anaesthesia 93(6):81824(2004),