小学英语知识点总结.doc
I. 可数名词 名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词两部分。其中，可数名词是表示能够计算的人或物的名称，他们通常有单数和复数的形式。 单数通常用a,an或者是one来表示。an用在元音字母的前面。如：a desk, an apple, one boy. ·可数名词的变化规则1、 直接在单词的后面加-s.photo-photos book-books egg-eggs student-students pen-pensvillage-villages cloud-clouds flower-flowershand-hands map-maps girl-girls2、 如果单词以s,x,ch,sh结尾，通常要在单词后面加-es.bus-buses class-classes box-box dress-dresses peach-peacheswatch-watches fish-fishes 3、 以辅音字母+y结尾的单数名词要把y变为i，再加-es.如果y的前面是元音字母，则直接加上-s.family-families story-stories baby-babies day-days toy-toys boy-boys4、 以f,fe结尾的单词，要把f,fe变为v，再加-es.knife-knives wolf-wolves shelf-shelves 5、 以-o结尾的名词，如果不是外来词或缩写，就加-es，否则加-s构成复数。 （有生命的加es，无生命的加s）potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes radio-radios photo-photos piano-pianos zoo-zoos 6、 一些特殊的不规则名词的复数。goose-geese foot-feet tooth-teeth woman-women man-men sheep-sheep fish-fish deer-deer people-people child-childrenmouse-mice7、 有些名词是通常以复数形式出现的，如：shoes, pants, boots, glasses等。1II.不可数名词1. 一般来说，不可数名词主要是以物质名词与抽象名词为主。它们通常没有复数形式，也不能与a ,an 连用。在表示“一”或“几”的数量概念时，不可数名词必须与相应的量词连用。如果时表示复数的数量关系时，则把量词变化，不可数名词不变。修饰不可数名词的数量词语有：some, any, much, a lot of, a little等。例如：a box of milk 一盒牛奶 some water 一些水 much food 大量的食物 a little time 一点时间2. some 与 any 词语辨析some与any都表示“一些”，但它们的用法不同。some用在肯定句中。而any用在否定句与一般疑问句中。同学们要特别注意的是：some还可以用在客气请求的一般疑问句中。例子：I have some beautiful stamps.（肯定句） I dont have any beautiful stamps.（否定句） Do you have any beautiful stamps?（一般疑问句） A: Can I have any some bananas? B: Sure.（客气请求的一般疑问句）3. many ,a lot of ,much 词语辨析many ,a lot of ,much ,这三个词都是表示“许多”。many是用来修饰可数名词, much用来修饰不可数名词，a lot of则用来修饰可数与不可数名词。例子：Peter has many friends .（可数名词的前面） Peter has much food for his birthday party. （不可数名词的前面）Peter has a lot of friends. （可数名词的前面）Peter has a lot of food for his birthday party. （不可数名词的前面） ·不可数名词的归类1、 表示液体：water, juice, milk, coffee, coke2、表示自然现象：snow, rain, ice3、表示食品类：rice, jam, honey, meat, bread, mutton, beef, tofu, eggplant, pork, chicken, fish, food4、其它类：newspaper, news, homework, housework21.给出下列单词的复数形式。orange class text monkey piano child shelf bed baby country family toy foot Japanese radio photo army tomato fox woman knife sheep pen egg student girl zoo wife story man boy people 2.选择填空1）There on the wall .They are very beautiful.A. are photoes B. are photos C. is a photo D. is photos2）This kind of car made in China. A. is B .are C .were D .has3）Thats art book. A. an B. a C. the D are4）The boys have got already.A. two bread B.two breads C.two pieces of bread D.two piece of bread5）The old man wants .A.six boxes of apples B.six boxes of apple C.six box of apples D. six boxs of apples7）There some in the river.A. is ,fish B. are, fishs C. is, fishs D. are ,fish8）There two in the box.A. is watch B. are watches C. are watch D. is watches9）We should clean twice a day.A .our tooth B. our tooths C.teeth D.our teeth3watch child photo diary day foot book dress tooth sheep box strawberry thief yo-yo peach sandwich man woman paper juice_ water milk rice tea deer people tomato leaf puppy box knife fox bus bench brush kiss church dish ruler peach glass pencil boy zoo man roof sheep knife lady key story watch horse city family day apple eraser speech thief mouse fish goose people ox Chinese deer foot child tooth guy hero spy boss monkey city goat radio potato dog orange class text monkey piano child shelf bed baby country family toy foot Japanese radio photo army tomato fox woman knife sheep pen egg student girl zoo wife story man boy people 4be动词：be动词有三兄弟：is，am, are 。I(我)用am, you(你)用are, is跟着he(他) she(她) it(它)，we(我们) you(你们)和they(他们)，复数（两人以上）永远连着are. 解析: I am; You are; He is; She is; It is; We are; You are; They are.1.否定句只需要在be动词后加 not,即:am not, is not=isn't are not = aren't2.一般疑问句只需要将be动词提前至句首.即: Is .? Are .? 1)I _ a student. 2) You _ a teacher. 3)_she from Jinan? No, she _. 4) _you friends? No, we _. 5) He _ in Class 4, Grade 1. 6) It_ a car. 7) They _ cars. 8) _ your mother in China? 9) _your friends in New York? 10) What _her name? 11) These（这些） _ buses. 12) Those（那些） _oranges. 13) Where _ her mother? 14) How old _your teacher? 15) What class _ you in? 16)This _ my brother（哥哥、弟弟）.17)That _ a pencil. 18)Mike and I_ students.19)_ there an apple on the table（桌子）? Yes, there _.20)There_many books in the study. 21)There_some ice cream in the fridge（冰箱）.22)There_a pear and some cakes on the table. 23)The children_ playing in the bedroom.24)The rabbits_ eating grass. 25) What_ your favorite subject（科目）?26) The girl_ drawing. 27) "I"_ a letter（字母.）28. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 29. The girl_ Jack's sister（姐姐、妹妹）.30. The dog _ tall and fat. 31. The man with big eyes _ a teacher.32. _ your brother in the classroom（教室）? 33. Where _ your mother ？ She _ at home.34. How _ your father? 35. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.36. Whose dress _ this? 37. Whose socks（袜子） _ they?38. That _ my red skirt. 39. Who _ I? 40.The socks _ on the desk. 41. Here _ a book for you.42. Here _ some sweaters（毛衣） for you. 43. The black shoes（鞋子） _ for Su Yang.44. _ there any kites in the classroom?45. There _ some apples on the tree.46.Some tea _ in the glass. 47. Gao Shan's shirt _ over there.48. My sister's name _Nancy. 49. This _ not Wang Fang's pencil.50. _ David and Helen from England? 51. There _ a girl in the room.5be动词，情态动词，助动词do/does的用法区别及练习1. 由连系am，is，are构成的句子： 变一般疑问句时把am，is，are提到句子的前面，句尾用问号即可。 变否定句时直接在am，is，are后面加not即可。例如： 肯定句:He is a student. 一般疑问句: Is he a student? 否定句: He is not a student. 画线提问: 对he提问: Who is a student? 对 a student 提问: What is he? or What does he do? 2. 由情态动词can, may, should等构成的句子: 变一般疑问句时把can,may,提到句子的前面,句尾用问号即可. 变否定句时直接在can,may,后面加not即可. 例如: 肯定句: She can swim. 一般疑问句: Can she swim? 否定句: She can not swim. 画线提问: 对she提问: Who can swim? 对swim提问: What can she do? 3. 由行为动词构成的句子: 需要加助词do或does. 变一般疑问句时把do/does放在句子前面. 变否定句时把dont/doesnt放在动词的前面。要注意观察动词的形式并对号入座。 一般疑问句和否定句的动词三单式都要变回原型。 例如: 肯定句: They play football after school. He plays football after school. 一般疑问句: Do they play football after school? Does he play football after school? 否定句: They don't (do not) play football after school. He doesnt play football after school. 画线提问: 对they/he提问: Who plays football after school? Who plays football after school? 对play football提问: What do they do after school? What does he do after school? 对after school提问: When do they play football? When does he play football?注意：1.在改疑问句时，遇到主语人称是第一人称I、we的需要将人称换成第二人称you 2.在改疑问句和否定句中，遇到some和and，将其改为any和or.按要求改写句子：1.I know the answer.(一般疑问句) _ _ _the answer? 2. We can see some birds.(一般疑问句) _ _ see _ birds?3.He designs clothes.(一般疑问句) _ he _ clothes? 4.There are some flowers on the teachers desk.(一般疑问句) _ _ _ flowers on the teachers desk? 5.There are some apples on the tree.(否定句) There _ _ _ apples on the tree. 6.I think he is very old.(否定句) I _ think he _ very old. 7.Please colour it green.(否定句) _ _ colour it green. 8.These doctors are helpful.(变否定句) _ _ _ _. 9.You may have some hot dogs.(一般疑问句) _ _ _ _ _?. 11.This sign means “No smoking”.(就划线部分提问) What _ this sign _? 12.She looks young. （改一般疑问句） _ she _ young? 13.She is young.（改为一般疑问句） _ _ _? 14.My pencils are in the pencil-box.(对划线部分提问) _ _ your pencils?15.I get up at six every day.(对划线部分提问) _ _ _ you get up every day?16.They like to walk home.(改为一般疑问句) _ they _ _ _ _? 17. You should add water often.（一般疑问句） _ _ _ water often? 6一般疑问句一、什么是一般疑问句1.定义：用Yes或No作答的疑问句叫一般疑问句。2.特点：1、以be动词、助动词或情态动词开头； eg: Is your father a teacher? Does Catherine like animals? Can Jenny speak French? 2、往往读升调； 3、译成汉语，都可以带上“吗” eg: 上面三句可分别译为：你父亲是老师吗？ 凯瑟琳喜欢动物吗？ 詹妮会说法语吗？二陈述句和一般疑问句间的转换 要将陈述句变成一般疑问句，可以遵循下列步骤：1.看句中有没有be动词（am、is、 are、 was、 were）助动词（do、does、 did、 have、 had）或情态动词（can、must、will、may等），如果有， 将其提到句首，句末打上问号即可。 eg: It was rainy yesterday. Was it rainy yesterday? Tom's father can play the piano. Can Tom's father play the piano? I have finished my homework. Have you finished your homework? 2.如果句中没有be动词、助动词或情态动词，则根据谓语动词的形式借助 do的相应形式放在句首。具体方法是：如果谓语动词是原形，则借do； 如果谓语动词是一般现在时第三人称单数形式，则借does；如果谓语动词 是过去式，则借did. 需要注意的是，借does或did后，原句的谓语动词 要变回原形。 eg：They go to school by bike. Do they go to school by bike? Bill gets up at 6:30 every day. Does bill gets up at 6:30 every day? The students saw a film yesterday. Did the students see a film yesterday? 陈述句变一般疑问句应注意的事项 陈述句变成一般疑问句除了遵循上述规则以外，还应注意下列几点： 1.如果陈述句中有第一人称，则变问句时最好要变为第二人称。 eg：I usually have lunch at school. Do you usually have lunch at school? My father is playing soccer. Is your father playing soccer? 2.如果陈述句中有some, 则变问句时往往要变成any 。 eg： There is some water on the playground. Is there any water on the playground? 3.复合句变一般疑问句通常只变主句，从句不变。 eg：I know he comes from Canada. Do you know he comes from Canada? 7 三.一般疑问句往往采用简短回答 由三部分（三个单词）组成，对这三部分（三个单词）的确定可以概括例下：1.第一个词：不是Yes就是No。（有时根据语气的不同，Yes可由Sure, Certainly, Of course等代替.NO可 由sorry 代替.）2.第二个词：问谁答谁。即答语中的主语须与问句的主语一致（但必须用主 格代词）。 eg：Does she clean her room every day? Yes, she does. Is Annas father a doctor? No，he isnt. 如果主语是 this that,回答时用 it 代替，如果问句中主语these, those, 回答时用 they 代替。 3.第三个词：用什么问，用什么答。即沿用问句中的引导词。 Can Jim play soccer? Yes, he can. Does Mr Bean speak English? Yes, he does. 需要注意问题：（1）.用 may 引导的问句，肯定回答用may，否定回答 用 cant 或mustnt 用 must 引导的问句，肯定回答用 must，否定回 答用neednt. eg：May I go to the park now? Yes, you may. /No, you mustnt. Must I wash my clothes now? Yes, you must. /No, you neednt. 4用No开头作否定回答时,结尾要加上 not。因为回答必须是三部分， 所以否定回答必须缩写，而肯定回答不能缩写。 eg:Did Thomas come here yesterday? Yes, he did./ No ,he didnt. Is Lin Lin in Class 3? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt.或（No, shes not）.83、英语句型变化总结练习1. It is a lovely dog. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 2. She is lovely girl. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 3. He is my father. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 4. They are Lilys cousins. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 5. We are classmates. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 6. I am a doctor. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 7. There is a bird in the tree. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句： 肯定回答： 否定回答： 8. There are some stars in the sky. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：
