大学英语四级翻译.doc

英语四级翻译常用词汇：123个中文高频成语翻译Automation 1502 YuDeyu一、复习建议：1. 加强历史、文化、经济以及社会发展相关热词的积累2. 广撒网，学习、揣摩这些话题相关的难点单句训练做这些单句训练时，先阅读1遍整个段落，专门挑出自己觉得比较难翻的句子，然后重点练习这一句的翻译。难句会了，简单句自然不在话下。在做单句翻译时，先尝试自己翻，翻完以后，对照答案，看解析，总结和揣摩其中好的词汇和表达。下面请大家跟着教研君给出的常考单句示例，具体学习吧1. 对于大多数年轻人来说，结婚意味着独立组建家庭，然而物价的不断上涨使这一切变得越来越困难。参考译文：For most young people, marriage means setting up a family independently, which has become increasingly difficult because of the constantly rising prices.词汇点评：组建家庭：set up a family。有同学容易使用start a family。start a family表示begin to have children“开始生儿育女”。越来越：一般看到“越来越”大家习惯译为more and more，比如“越来越多的人”more and more people，但译为a growing number of people可令人眼前为之一亮；而表达“变得越来越”的含义时，使用become increasingly的译法更好。物价的不断上涨：constantly rising prices，而不是price rising。表达点评：本句是一个表转折关系的并列句，后半句中的“物价的不断上涨使这一切”中的“这一切”指代前半句中提到的“结婚意味着独立组建家庭”，因此，用which引导的非限制性定语从句，让整个句子简洁明了。使字句的翻译：“物价的不断上涨”是“这一切变得困难”的原因，因此处理为原因状语，用because of来带出原因。2. 过去十年中国房地产（real estate）行业高速发展。参考译文：The past decade has witnessed a high-speed development in China's real estate.词汇点评：十年：decade高速发展：develop rapidly; high-speed development表达点评：本句可直译为For the past decade, China's real estate developed rapidly，但如果以“过去十年”作为主语，套用句型time + see / witness + sth.则表达更加生动形象，更易提分。see / witness意为“见证，证明”，具体使用时注意时态应和语境一致。所以本句译为：The past decade has witnessed更地道，注意这里使用现在完成时。“过去十年”作主语时，注意动词短语“高速发展”要转换为名词短语。3. 胡同（Hutong）是北京的一大特色，有着与北京城一样久远的历史。参考译文：Hutong, with a history as long as that of Beijing city, is a major feature of Beijing.词汇点评：特色：feature; characteristic与一样：as as表达点评：文化类段落翻译中经常考到“特色”一词的翻译，大家一定要牢记。前半句“胡同（Hutong）是北京的一大特色”是句子主干，后半句“有着与北京城一样久远的历史”可用介词短语with a history as long as that of Beijing city来表达，以插入语的形式置于主语之后，这样整个句子的中心更突出。二、考场“强心针”：1. 问：翻译过程中，表达优美重要，还是正确性重要答：正确性更重要。如果觉得自己不能翻得特别好，那就首先保证尽可能少的语法错误，意思表达到即可，抓到分是关键。2. 问：平时积累了不少词汇和表达，到了翻译段落时，突然不会了，最后翻得不是太好答：这种情况分两种原因：1）太急着下笔，段落含义没有理解透彻。同学在做汉译英时，一定要首先认真把整个中文段落多读几遍，理顺其中隐含的逻辑关系和信息，确定用哪个词做主语、谓语、定语，然后再下笔真正开始翻译。2）同学的语法功底稍有欠缺，这种情况，尽量把汉语的长句子拆成短句子。同样是要多读中文，才能先把中文拆分好，然后逐句、逐句去翻译。3. 问：我翻译的时态总跟答案的时态有出入，怎么办答：举几个实例来跟同学讲解下。1）遇到“近年来某种现象越来越”的表达。首先揣摩该现象是否有“正在进行而且将一直持续下去的趋势”，如果符合该条件，使用现在进行时就可以把这个隐含意义完美表达出来。2）强调过去某一现象或从过去延续至今的动作对现在造成的影响，多用现在完成时态。比如“过去十年，中国的房地产业经历了前所未有的高速增长。”这句中就要使用现在完成时态而非一般过去时。11.大事化小小事化了 try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all12.大开眼界 open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener13.国泰民安 The country flourishes and people live in peace?14.过犹不及 going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little15.功夫不负有心人 Everything comes to him who waits.16.好了伤疤忘了疼 once on shore, one prays no more17.好事不出门恶事传千里 Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.18.和气生财 Harmony brings wealth.19.活到老学到老 One is never too old to learn.20.既往不咎 let bygones be bygones21.金无足赤人无完人 Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.22.金玉满堂 Treasures fill the home.23.脚踏实地 be down-to-earth24.脚踩两只船 sit on the fence25.君子之交淡如水 the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green26.老生常谈陈词滥调 cut and dried, cliché27.礼尚往来 Courtesy calls for reciprocity.28.留得青山在不怕没柴烧 Where there is life, there is hope.29.马到成功 achieve immediate victory; win instant success30.名利双收 gain in both fame and wealth31.茅塞顿开 be suddenly enlightened32.没有规矩不成方圆 Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards. 33.每逢佳节倍思亲 On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.34.谋事在人成事在天 The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. Man proposes, God disposes.35.弄巧成拙 be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself36.拿手好戏 masterpiece37.赔了夫人又折兵 throw good money after bad38.抛砖引玉 a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catch a whale39.破釜沉舟 cut off all means of retreat；burn ones own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the end40.抢得先机 take the preemptive opportunities41.巧妇难为无米之炊 If you have no hand you can't make a fist. One can't make bricks without straw.42.千里之行始于足下 a thousand-li journey begins with the first step-the highest eminence is to be gained step by step43.前事不忘后事之师 Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future. 44.前人栽树后人乘凉 One generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation sows and another reaps.45.前怕狼后怕虎 fear the wolf in front and the tiger behind hesitate in doing something46.强龙难压地头蛇 Even a dragon (from the outside) finds it hard to control a snake in its old haunt - Powerful outsiders can hardly afford to neglect local bullies.47.强强联手 win-win co-operation48.瑞雪兆丰年 A timely snow promises a good harvest.49.人之初性本善 Man's nature at birth is good.50.人逢喜事精神爽 Joy puts heart into a man.51.人海战术 huge-crowd strategy52.世上无难事只要肯攀登 Where there is a will, there is a way.53.世外桃源 a fictitious land of peace away from the turmoil of the world;54.死而后已 until my heart stops beating55.岁岁平安 Peace all year round.56.上有天堂下有苏杭 Just as there is paradise in heaven, ther are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth57.塞翁失马焉知非福 Misfortune may be an actual blessing.58.三十而立 A man should be independent at the age of thirty, a man should be able to think for himself.59.升级换代 updating and upgrading (of products)60.四十不惑 Life begins at forty.73.团结就是力量Unity is strength.74.“跳进黄河洗不清”'eve if one jumped into the Yellow River, one can not wash oneself clean-there's nothing one can do to clear one's name '75.歪风邪气unhealthy practices and evil phenomena76.物以类聚，人以群分Birds of a feather flock together.77.往事如风'The past has vanished (from memory) like wind.; What in past, is pas78.望子成龙hold high hopes for one's child79.屋漏又逢连阴雨Misfortunes never come singly. When it rains it pours.80.文韬武略military expertise; military strategy81.唯利是图draw water to one's mill82.无源之水,无本之木water without a source, and a tree wiithout roots83.无中生有make create something out of nothing84.无风不起浪There are no waves without wind. There's no smoke without fire. 85.徇私枉法bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends86.新官上任三把火a new broom sweeps clean87.虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.88. 蓄势而发accumulate strength for a take-off89.心想事成May all your wish come true90.心照不宣have a tacit understanding; give tacit consent; tacit understanding102.有钱能使鬼推磨Money makes the mare go. Money talks.103. 有识之士people of vision104.有勇无谋use brawn rather than brain105.有缘千里来相会Separated as we are thousands of miles apart, we come together as if by predestination.106.与时俱进advance with times107.以人为本people oriented; people foremost108.因材施教teach students according to their aptitude109.欲穷千里目，更上一层楼'to ascend another storey to see a thousand miles further; Ascend further, were you to look farther; Would eye embrace a thousand miles Go up, one flight.' a land of milk and honey110.欲速则不达Haste does not bring success.111. 优胜劣汰survival of the fittest112.英雄所见略同Great minds think alike.113.冤家宜解不宜结Better make friends than make enemies.114.冤假错案'cases in which people were unjustly, falsely or wrongly charged or sentenced; unjust, false or wrong cases'115.一言既出，驷马难追A real man never goes back on his words.116.招财进宝Money and treasures will be plentiful117.债台高筑become debt-ridden119. 众矢之的target of public criticism120.知己知彼,百战不殆Know the enemy and know yourself, and you can fight a hundred battles with no danger of defeat.121. 纸上谈兵be an armchair strategist122.纸包不住火Truth will come to light sooner or later.123.左右为难between the devil and the deep blue sea中国社会常用词多元文化论 cultural pluralism?文化适应 acculturation?社会保障 social security?班车 shuttle bus相定迁户 a relocated unit or household?大龄青年 single youth above the normal matrimonial age独生子女 the only child in a family?单亲 single parent?福利彩票 welfare lotteries?家政服务 household management service?民工 migrant laborers?名人 celebrity农村剩余劳动力 surplus rural labor/laborers?青春期 puberty全民健身运动 nationwide fitness campaign?全国人口普查 nationwide census?社会保险 social insurance?暂住证 temporary residence permit/card?青少年犯罪 juvenile delinquency?性骚扰 sexual harassment?走私 smuggling*性另歧视 gender/sexual discrimination?年龄歧视 age discrimination?工作歧视 job discrimination?享乐主义hedonism?文盲 illiteracy贫富分化 disparity between the rich and the poor?盗版 pirated/illegal copies?一国两制 One Country, Two Systems?三个代表 the Three Represents Theory?两会（人大、政协）Two Conferences (NPC and CPPCC)南南合作 South-South Cooperation南北对话 North-South Dialog人大常委会 Peoples Congress Standing Committee法制观念 awareness of law法制国家 a country with an adequate legal system改革开放 reform and opening-up公务员 civil servants官僚主义作风 the bureaucratic style of work?和谐并存 harmonious coexistence?计划生育 family planning计划生育基本国策 the basic state policy of family planning4青才申文明建设 the construction of spiritual civilization?居委会 neighborhood committee科教兴国 national rejuvenation through science and education?可持续发展 sustainable development?廉洁高效 honesty and high efficiency?两岸关系 cross-straits relations?两岸谈判 cross-straits negotiations?领 土完整 territorial integrity?民族精神 national spirit?普选制 general election system求同存异 seek common ground while shelving differences?人大代表NPC member物质文明和精神文明 material and spiritual civilization小康社会 a well-off society小康水平 a well-off standard一个中国原则 the one-China principle与时俱进 keep pace with the times综合国力 overall national strength共同愿望common desire“走出去”（战略）going global不结盟 non-alignment单边主义 unilateralism多边政策 multilateralism多极世界 multipolar world人 口 老龄化 aging of population人口出生率birth rate社区月服务 community service道德法庭 court of ethics盗用公款embezzlement成人夜校 night school for adults在职进修班 on-job training courses政治思想教育 political and ideological education毕业生分酉己 graduate placement; assignment of graduate充电 update ones knowledge初等教育 elementary education大学城 college town大学社区 college community高等教育 higher education高等教育“211 工程” the “211 Project” for higher education高等学府 institution of higher education综合性大学 comprehensive university文科院校 colleges of (liberal) arts理工科大学 college / university of science and engineering师范学院 teachers college; normal college高分低能 high scores and low abilities高考(university/college) entrance examination高校扩招 the college expansion plan教育界 education circle教育投入 input in education九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools课外活动 extracurricular activities必修课 required/compulsory course?选修课 elective/optional course?基础课 basic courses?专业课 specialized courses?课程表 school schedule?教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus?学习年限 period of schooling?学历 record of formal schooling?学分 credit启发式教学 heuristic teaching?人才交流 talent exchange?人才战 competition for talented people?商务英语证书 Business English Certificate (BEC)?适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate总需求 aggregate demand?总供给 aggregate supply?企业文化 corporate/entrepreneurial culture?企业形象 corporate image (Cl); enterprise image?跨国公司 cross-national corporation?创业精神 enterprising spirit; pioneering spirit?外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise猎头公司head-hunter?假日经济 holiday economy?人力资本human capital?航空和航天工业aerospace industry?飞机制造工业aircraft industry?电子工业 electronic industry?汽车制造工业 car industry?娱乐业 entertainment industry?信息产业 information industry?知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive industry?国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises?轻工业 light industry?博彩业 lottery industry?制造业 manufacturing industry?垄断行业 monopoly industries?市场多元化 market diversification?市场经济 market economy?市场监管 market supervision?购买力 purchasing power?熊市 bear market?牛市 bull market?城镇化 urbanization?房地产 real estate?首付 down-payment?业主 home owner个人购房贷款 individual housing loan?经济全球化 economic globalization?经济特区 special economic zones (SEZ)经济增长 economic growth?泡沫经济 bubble economy 关税tariff纳税人tax payer?宏观经济macro economy?货币投放量 the size of money supply?流动性过剩excess liquidity?经济过热 overheated economy?通货膨胀inflation?抑制通货膨胀curb inflation?注入流动性 to inject liquidity?贴现率 discount rate存款准备金率 reserve requirement ratio (RRR)公开市场业务 open market operation (OMO)逆回购 reverse repurchase agreement; reverse repo?引导降低市场借贷成本to guide the market borrowing costs to a lower level?稳健的货币政策prudent monetary policy?微调货币政策 to fine-tune monetary policy硬着陆 hard landing?软着陆 soft landing?二十国集团 Group of Twenty (G2O)财政部长 Finance Minister全年预期经济增长目标the expected growth target for the whole year?经济活力 economic vitality大规模经济刺激计划 a massive economic stimulus package?结构改革 structural reform硬资产 hard assets?软资产 soft assets?有形资产 tangible assets?经济走廊 economic corridor?整顿市场秩序 to rectify the market order?反垄断 antitrust; anti-monopoly?定价浮动 price fluctuations?谋求利益最大化 to maximize profit?债务审计audit of debt地方性政府债务 local government debt/liability?公共财政体制改革 an overhaul of the public finance system债务管理 debt management?信用支持 credit support京剧 Peking opera?秦腔 Qin opera?功夫Kungfo?太极Tai Chi?口 技 ventriloquism?木偶戏puppet show?皮影戏 shadowplay?折子戏 opera highlights?杂技 acrobatics?相声 witty dialogue comedy?刺绣 embroidery?苏绣 Suzhou embroidery?泥人 clay figure?书法 calligraphy中国画 traditional Chinese painting?水墨画 Chinese brush painting?中国结 Chinese knot中国古代四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China?火药 gunpowder?印刷术printing?造纸术 paper-making?指南针 the compass?青铜器 bronze ware?瓷器 porcelain; china唐三彩 tri-color glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty景泰蓝cloisonne秋千swing武术 martial arts儒家思想Confucianism儒家文化 Confucian culture道教 Taoism墨家Mohism法家 Legalism佛教 Buddhism孔子 Confucius孟子 Mencius老子 Lao Tzu庄子 Chuang Tzu墨子 Mo Tzu孙子Sun Tzu象形文字 pictographic characters文房四宝（笔墨纸观）the Four Treasures of the Study (brush, ink stick, paper, and ink stone)大学The Great Learning中庸The Doctrine of the Mean论语The Analects of Confucius孟子The Mencius孙子兵法The Art of War三国演义Three Kingdoms西游爷己Journey to the West红楼梦Dream of the Red Mansions水浒传Heroes of the Marshes山海经The Classic of Mou