语法讲解：动名词.ppt

高考热点语法系列之-动名词用法详解,Grammar,一、动名词的形式,二、动名词的复合结构,动名词的复合结构就是前面带有代词或名词的动名词结构。有时为了明确动名词所表示的动作的执行者，可以在动名词之前加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，来表示动名词逻辑上的主语。有时也可以用人称代词宾格或名词普通格，不过，这主要用于口语中。如：,三、动名词的完成形式与被动形式,动名词的一般形式通常表示一般性动作（即不是明确地在过去、现在或将来发生的动作）或是与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的动作，如：They are all interested in climbing mountains.He took a great delight in helping others.,如果要表示动名词代表的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，通常用动名词的完成形式，如：He didnt mention having met me.I regret not having taken her advice.I dont remember having ever promised you that.,当一个动名词逻辑上的主语所表示的是这动作的承受者时，这个动名词一般要用被动形式，如：This question is far from being settled.He did it without being asked.He didnt mind being left at home.They couldnt stand being treated like that.注：如果表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生，有时需要用动名词的完成被动形式，如：I dont remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.,V-ing 形式作主语 往往表示抽象、笼 统的动作或泛指某动作或行为。如：a.)Getting up early is a good habit.b.)Fishing is Toms favorite hobby.c.)Crying over spilt milk is no use.d.)Arguing with him is a waste of time.,Subject,注：动名词作主语与不定式作主语的区别：动名词作主语通常表示抽象的或泛指的动作，一般不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起；不定式作主语通常表示具体的动作或行为，往往与特定的动作执行者联系在一起，如：Its no use crying over spilt milk.(抽象)He realized that to go on like this was no use.(具体)在实际运用中，一般可以互换，差异不大。但在下列几种情况中不能互换：a.当表语是动名词时，主语也要用动名词；当表语是不定式时，主语也要用不定式，如：Seeing is believing.To see is to believe.,b.动名词和不定式作主语，一般都可以使用形式主语it，而将动名词或不定式放在句尾。但是在下列句型中，一般宜用动名词，不宜用不定式来代替：Its no use doing Its no good doing Its a waste of time doing,例如：Its no use going there today;he wont be at home.Its a waste of time arguing about it.,而在Its important/Its necessary/Its advisable/Its essential/Its fitting 这类句型中，只能用不定式，如：Its important to learn foreign languages.Its quite necessary to read it many times.,2)V-ing形式作宾语 a.)She sat there without speaking.b.)David is interested in driving.c.)Do you mind turning on the TV?d.)Betty enjoys listening to pop music.,Object,能用动名词作宾语的动词有两类：一类是只能用动名词作宾语的动词，其中有：avoid,admit,consider,delay,advise,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,mind等，如：Mary is considering changing her job.I enjoy working with you.Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow?另一类是既可以用动名词，又可以用不定式作宾语的动词，其中有：,continue,forget,hate,intend,like,love,plan,prefer,propose,regret,remember,start,try,want,need,cant afford等。,B.在need,want,deserve等后，可用动名词的主动式表示被动含义，或用不定式的被动式，意义上无差别。但用动名词较为普遍，（这时主语一般是物），如：The door needs oiling/to be oiled.C.有的动词尽管可以用两种结构，但意义明显不同，须认真加以区别：I forgot to close the door before I left the room.I forgot having closed the door.He tried to write better.(尽量努力地写)He tried writing with a brush.(用毛笔试着写)I couldnt help finishing it.(不能不结束某事)I couldnt help to finish it.(不能帮助结束某事)They left off fishing.(停止钓鱼)They left off to fish.(离开某处出发去钓鱼)I regret to say that there is no wine in the bottle.(对现在要发生的事表示遗憾、抱歉)I regret not taking your advice.(后悔),3)V-ing形式作表语(放在系动词之后,泛指某种动作或行为,常用来说明主语的身份、内容或特点。)如：a.)My job is testing all kinds of software.b.)The purpose of my letter is advising you to do more sports.c.)His greatest happiness is serving the people.d.)Seeing is believing.,Predictive,注：动名词作表语与不定式作表语的区别：动名词作表语时表示比较抽象的一般行为、习惯；不定式作表语时表示具体的某一次动作，特别是将来的动作，试比较：My favourite sport is swimming.The first thing for us to do is to improve our pronunciation.,注：动名词作表语与现在分词作表语的区别：动名词作表语时相当于名词，说明主语的含义及内容，它与主语是同等关系，主语与表语互换位置不影响句子的基本含义，但不可用副词来修饰。现在分词作表语时相当于形容词，说明主语的特征、性质、状态等，主语与表语不可互换位置，但可用very,quite等副词来修饰，如：My job is looking after the children.Our duty is serving the people heart and soul.The situation is encouraging.This cake is very inviting.The volleyball match we watched was very exciting.,EXERCISES,1The old mans _ pity on the snake led to his own death.Ataken BtakingCbeing taken Dhave taken,2The speech was so _ that they were all _.A.inspiring;excitingB.inspiring;excitedC.inspired;exciteD.inspired;exciting,B,B,3The teacher told the students to stop _ to him.,Ato write and listenBwriting and listeningCto write and listeningDwriting and to listen,4Look,one of your shoes is broken.It needs _.Ato be fixed Brepaired,Cmending Dto mend,D,C,5Although he doesnt like most sports,he _.Aenjoys swimming and skatingBis a swimmer and he skatesClikes swimming and he skates,Dlikes to swim and a skater,6.They managed _the meeting room before the guests arrived.A.finishing to clean B.finishing cleaningC.to finish cleaning D.to finish to clean,A,C,7.People couldnthelp_ the foolish emperor in the procession.A.laugh atB.to laugh atC.laughing atD.laughing on,8Wanglin insisted on _ to work in the country sideAsend Bhe sentCSending Dbeing sent,C,D,9.Dont you remember_?A.seeing the man beforeB.to see the man beforeC.saw the man beforeD.to have seen the man before,10.Were looking forward_ the photo exhibition.A.to visiting B.to visitC.to having visitedD.visiting,A,A,Thank you very much!,