主谓一致_公开课件.ppt

Subject-Verb Agreement,主谓一致,Useful structures,语法详解：“主谓一致”是指谓语动词与主语必须在人称、数上保持一致.,The boy _ diving.,They _ diving.,Both Jack and Tim _ diving.,All of them _ diving.,Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.,is,are,are,is,are,Finish the following exercises:,Bob,Bob _ a worker.,is,Mike,Mike and Bob _ workers.,are,Both Mike and Bob _workers.,are,Neither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.,is,Bill,Neither of them _(know)how to teach English.,knows/know,All of them _ workers.,None of them _(know)how to teach English.,are,knows/know,谓语动词在人称和数上要和主语一致。,语法一致,意义一致,就近一致,主谓一致,主谓一致三原则,单数名词 单数代词动词不定式短语 谓单动名词短语从句主语为复数 谓复,(一)语法一致原则1、当主语是：,Examples,His father working on the farm.To study English well not easy.What he said very important for us all.The children in the classroom two hours ago.Reading in the sun bad for your eyes.,is,is,is,is,were,2、由连接词and或both and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。如:Lucy and Lily twins.Both she and he Young Pioneers.When to hold the meeting and where to have lunch _ decided yet.When and where to hold the meeting _(not)decided yet.,are,are,have not been,has not been,Attention:若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。如:The writer and the teacher _ coming.作家和老师来了。（作家和老师是两个人）The writer and teacher _ coming.那位作家兼教师来了。（作家和教师指同一个)The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance.,has,have,is,The gift is used to have western meals.What is it?,a knife and fork,A knife and fork used to have meals.,is,Attention:由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no,each,every修饰时,即主语是each/every/no+单数名词+and(each/every/no)+单数名词时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:Each boy and each girl _ got a seat.每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位Every man and every woman _ at work.每个男人和女人都在工作.No boy and no girl _ it.(like)Every hour and minute _ important.,has,is,is,likes,第二个each,every,no,可以省略。,Attention:3.many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。,Many a student _ been to Shanghai.许多学生到过上海。Many a student and teacher _(be)watching the football match.,more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。(形单意复),More than one student _ ever been to Beijing.不止一个学生曾经去过北京。,has,is,has,4、主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with,together with,along with,as well as,rather than,except,but,like,besides,including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。即谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化,1.The teacher with two students _ at the meeting.(was/were),2.E-mail,as well as the telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.,A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play,was,A,3.The teacher,together with his students,_ planting trees in the street.老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。,is,Mr.Black,as well as two women,_ at the office.,is,Mr.Black,with,together with,along with,5.(1)either,neither,each,every 或no+单数名词和由some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词(somebody,someone,something,anybody,anything,everybody,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing,都作单数看待.,如:Everything around us _matter.,_ everyone here today.今天大家到齐了吗？,Something _ wrong with him.他有毛病。,Neither answer _ correct.两个答案都不正确。,Is,is,is,is,5、(2)every one of one of each of either of neither of+复数名词作主语，谓语用单数。Each of the students _ a book.Each of the girls _dancing.(like)One of them _ been abroad.Neither of the two boys _ good at English.,has,likes,has,is,注意:在口语中当neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。如:Neither of the texts is(are)interesting.若none of后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如:None of us _ been to America.Neither of them _(know)how to teach English.,knows/know,have/has,6、one of复数名词定语从句结构如果one前面没有限定词，这个句型中的“复数名词”是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数；如果one前面有the only,the first,the last,the right等限定词修饰，则one是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。如:He is one of my friends who _ working hard.He is the only one of my friends who _ working hard.,are,is,7、如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family,class,crowd,team,group,population,audience,army,government等。如:Class Four on the third floor.Class Four unable to agree upon a monitor.,is,are,His family _going out.His family _ all music lovers.,is,are,注意:people,police,cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如:The police looking for the lost child.The police _ searching for a thief.The cattle _ eating grass on the hill.,are,are,are,8.由分数或百分数或a lot of,lots of,half of,the rest of,some of,most of,all of,(a)part of+名词作主语时，谓语动词的形式与of 后面的名词的数一致 e.g.Lots of damage _(be)caused by the fire.Some students are planting trees.The rest of them _(be)watering them.On the earth about 75%of the surface _(be)covered with water All of the apples _rotten.All of the apple _rotten.,was,are,is,are,is,注意:a number of许多,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;the number of的数量,主语是number,谓语用单数。,are,is,A number of new books_ on the desk.The number of students in you class _ 50.,the quantity of+复数名词或不可数名词，谓语用单数。a quantity of+复数名词,谓语用复数。a quantity of+不可数名词,谓语用单数.quantities of+复数名词或不可数名词，谓语用复数。,Quantities of tea _ sold last month.A large quantity of beer _ sold out.The quantity of books in the library _ amazing.,Quantity/ies of+名词复数/不可数名词,were,was,is,9、在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如:There the bus.(come)On the wall many pictures.Such the result.,comes,are,is,1、what,who,which,any,more,all等代词可以是单数,也可是复数,主要靠意思来决定。如:Which your bag?Which your bags?All going well.,(二)意义一致原则:,is,are,is,2、表示“时间、重量、长度、价值、金钱等的名词的复数作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式,这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体如:Thirty minutes enough for the work.,is,Eight hours of sleep is enough.A hundred miles is a long distance.Ten pounds was missing from my pocket.Twenty years _(pass)since he left his hometown.,has passed,3、若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式,其谓语动词通常用单数形式。但the Olympic Games做主语，谓语用复数。如:The Arabian Nights an interesting story-book The Olympic Games _ held every four years.The United States of America _ founded in 1776.,is,are,was,4、表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时,其谓语动词用单数形式。如:One and a half apples left on the table.5、算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待,其谓语动词采用单数形式。如:Twelve plus eight twenty.,is,is,One and a half hours is enough.一个半小时足够了。,6、一些学科名词是以-ics 结尾,如:mathematics,politics,physics 以及news,works(工厂）等,都属于形式上是复数的名词,实际意义为单数名词,它们作主语时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。如:The paper works built in 1990.I dont think physics easy to study.No news _(be)good news.,was,is,is,7、trousers,glasses,scissors以及clothes,goods等 等词作主语时,谓语用复数,但如果这些名词前有a(the)pair of等量词修饰时,谓语动词用单数。,如:My glasses broken.The pair of shoes under the bed his.The goods _(belong)to Mr.Wang.8、定冠词the+形容词或分词,表示某一类人时,动词用复数。表示抽象概念时，用单数形式。,are,is,The poor _ very happy,but the rich _ sad.穷人很快乐，富人却过得不快乐。,The beautiful _ forever.美是永存的。,belong,are,are,lives,(三)就近一致原则。1、当两个主语由either or,neither nor,whether or,not only but also,not.but连接时,谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如:Either the teacher or the students our friends.Neither they nor he wholly right.,are,is,2、there be句型be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语,则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如:There two chairs and a desk in the room.There a desk and two chairs in the room.,are,is,温故知新,Exercises:,1One or two days _ enough to see the city Ais Bare Cam Dbe2Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to persuade my daughter to change her mind Ais Bare Cam Dbe,3Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another Ais Bare Cam Dbe4Not the teacher，but the students _ looking forward to seeing the film Ais Bare Cam Dbe,5Nobody but Betty and Mary _ late for class yesterday Awas Bwere Chas been Dhave been6A woman with some children _ soon Ais coming Bare coming Chas come Dhave come,Homework,Review what we have learnt today.,Thank you for listening,