名词、冠词数词综合复习.ppt

中考英语语法,名词冠词数词,人教版,1正确识别可数名词和不可数名词。2掌握可数名词复数形式的构成。3掌握名词所有格和名词作定语的用法。,考点一：不可数名词,1分类不可数名词分为_(表示无法分为个体的物质，如rice，water，milk等)和_(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work，time，health等)。常考的不可数名词还有：advice，ink，clothing，sugar，news，maths，physics，trouble，weather，traffic，information，homework，fun，progress，experience(经验)等。,物质名词,抽象名词,人教版,a,an,人教版,4不可数名词量的表达不可数名词的数量，要借助一个可数名词来表达，其结构为：数词可数名词of不可数名词。如：一块面包 _ 两杯茶 _ 三杯橘汁 _,a piece of bread,two cups of tea,three glasses of orange,人教版,考点二：可数名词变复数,1规则变化(1)一般在词尾加_。如：lakelakes；mouthmouths；monthmonths；armarms；keykeys；boyboys；grownupgrownups；poundpounds；dollardollars。(2)以s，x，sh，ch结尾的名词后加_。如：busbuses；boxboxes；brushbrushes；sandwichsandwiches；wishwishes；churchchurches；glassglasses；beachbeaches。,s,es,人教版,(3)以辅音字母y结尾的名词，变_为_，再加_。如：factoryfactories；librarylibraries；citycities；countrycountries；storystories；familyfamilies；strawberrystrawberries；dictionarydictionaries；partyparties；hobbyhobbies。(4)以o结尾的大多加s，少数加es。如：zoozoos；photophotos；radioradios；pianopianos；kangarookangaroos；heroheroes；tomatotomatoes；potatopotatoes。(5)以f或fe结尾的词，变_或_为_加_。如：knifeknives；leafleaves；shelfshelves；halfhalves；thiefthieves；wifewives；wolfwolves；lifelives。,y,i,es,f,fe,v,es,人教版,2不规则变化不规则变化的名词的复数形式有三种情况：(1)改变单数名词中的元音字母。如：footfeet；toothteeth；manmen；womanwomen；EnglishmanEnglishmen(但：GermanGermans)。(2)词尾加(r)en，如：child_。(3)单、复数相同。如：sheepsheep；deerdeer；fishfish；Chinese_；Japanese_。(4)有些名词只表示复数。如：people,trousers,scissors,glasses(眼镜)。(5)man 和woman作定语修饰另一个名词时，两部分都用复数。如：woman teacherwomen teachers女教师；man doctormen doctors男医生。,children,Chinese,Japanese,人教版,考点三：名词所有格,1构成(1)有生命的名词所有格的构成方法：一般情况下在名词后加s。如：迈克的汽车_我妈妈的头发_以s结尾的复数名词只加。如：教师节_三个小时的步行_不以s结尾的复数名词，直接在词尾加s。如：妇女节_儿童节_,my mothers hair,Mikes car,Teachers Day,three hours walk,Womens Day,Childrens Day,人教版,(2)无生命的名词所有格一般由“of名词”构成。如：我们教室的一张照片 _一张中国地图_,注意 表示时间、距离、集体、国家、团体等无生命的名词，也可用s构成所有格。如：今天的报纸_世界人口_,a picture of our classroom;,todays newspaper;,a map of China,the worlds population,人教版,2特殊用法(1)表示两者共同拥有的人或物时，只需在最后一个人的名字后加s；表示各自所有，则需在每个名词后加s。如：莉莉和露西共有的房间_莉莉和露西各自的房间_(2)表示“家”、“店铺”等处所。如：at Li Leis在李雷家在医生的诊所_at the chemists在药店,Lily and Lucys room,Lilys and Lucys rooms,at the doctors,人教版,(3)双重所有格表示整体中的一部分，结构为“of名词s”或“of名词性物主代词”。如：我父亲的一本书_a friend of mine one of my friends我的一个朋友,a book of my fathers,中考真题,2014年中考英语单项选择专题练习(名词),()1.(2013.泰安)The food safety is a serious _ in our country.We should try to solve it.A subject B.program C.problem D.opinion,C,()2.(2013.青海)This is_bedroom.The twin sisters like it very much.A.Jenny and Maria B.Jennys andMaria C.Jennys and Marias,A,()3.(2013.成宁)-Could you give me some_ on how to learn English_?-Sure.Practice makes perfect.A.advice;good B.suggestions;good C.advice;well D.suggestion;well,C,()23.(2013.滨州)-Do you think the_ of this skirt suits me?-Of course!You always look beautiful in red.A size B.design C.price D.colour,D,()20.(2013.湖州)-Hello!Is that Jenny speaking?-Sorry,Im afraid youve got the wrong_ A number B.name C.address D.message,A,()25.(2013.绥化)I saw some_ and_ dancing in the street the day before yesteeday.A.Germen;Englishmen B.Germans;Englishmans C.Germans;Englishmen,C,()26.(2013.威海)_ fathers cant go to the class meeting because they have gone to business.A Jack and Mikes B.Jacks and Mikes C.Jack and Mike D.Jacks and Mike()27.(2013.淮坊)-How far is your home from school?-Its about two_ walk A.hours B hours C.hours D.hour,B,B,()28.(2013.聊城)-I have great_ in finishing the work by myself.Could you help me?-No problem A fun B.success C.advice D.difficulty()29.(2013.成都)There is a_ near our school.We often buy books there.A bank B.restaurant C.bookstore,D,C,()31.(2013.黄冈)-Someone called you just now.-I know.But I was busy at that moment.When I called back,there was no_.A voice B.sound C.answer D.result.()32.(2013.阜康)Can you imagine what life will be like in_time?A 20 years B 20 years C.20-years D.20-year,C,A,()44.(2013.东营)Recently,many people dare not eat_ because of H7N9(禽流感).A.eggs or chickens B.eggs or chicken C.egg or chickens D.egg or chicken()52.(2013.贺州)-What kind of porridge would you like,Alice?-I would like_.A.egg porridge B.eggs porridge C.fish porridges D.fishes porridge()53.(2013.兰州)The mountain I visited last Sunday isnt very _.Few_ go sightseeing there.A tourist;tourists B.touristy;tourist C.touristy;tourists D.tourist;tourist,B,A,C,人教版,课标考点1掌握定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词的使用规则和常见的习惯用法。如：a和an 的基本用法；特指和泛指的区别等。2掌握与冠词有关的习语和固定句型。,考点一：定冠词the的用法,1特指某(些)人或某(些)事物。如：_ in a white car is Toms father.乘白色小汽车的那个人是汤姆的爸爸。2指上文已经提到的人或事物。如：Lily bought a storybook._ is very interesting.莉莉买了一本故事书，这本书很有趣。,The man,The book,人教版,3指谈话双方都知道的人或物。如：Where are _，Jim?吉姆，新书在哪里？They are on the desk.在课桌上。4用在世界上独一无二的名词前。如：_ is bigger than _.太阳比月亮大。5用在与play连用的西洋乐器名词前。如：She often plays _ after school.她经常在放学后拉小提琴。,the new books,The sun,the moon,the violin,人教版,6用在方位名词前。如：in the east/the west/the south/the north 在东/西/南/北边on the left/right在左/右边7用在序数词和形容词最高级前(副词最高级前the 可省略)。如：Lin Tao is _ in his class.林涛是他班里个子最高的男孩。8用在某些形容词前，表示一类人或事物。如：the old老人年轻人_the poor穷人 富人_the sick病人 盲人_ 残疾人_,the tallest boy,the young,the rich,the blind,the disabled,人教版,9用在姓氏的复数形式前，表示全家人或夫妇二人。如：_ are eating dinner.布莱克一家人正在吃晚饭。10用在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称前。如：the Great Wall长城the Summer Palace颐和园西湖_11用在由普通名词和另外一些词构成的国家名称、机关团体等专有名词前。如：联合国_the United States美国,The Blacks,the West Lake,the United Nations,人教版,12用在逢十的复数数词前，表示年代。如：in the 1880s 在19世纪80年代13用在某些习惯用语中。如：in the sky在天空中同时_all the time总是，一直 in the end最后；终于in the morning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/晚上in the beginning在开始all the year round一年到头in the middle of在的中间顺便问一句/说一句_,at the same time,by the way,人教版,考点二：不定冠词a/an的用法不定冠词a和an都用在可数名词单数之前。,1表示类别，泛指一类人或物。如：_ is bigger than a rabbit.马比兔子大。2指某人或某物，但不具体指明是哪个人或物。如：_ is waiting for you at the gate.有位妇女在门口等你。3表示数量“一”，但数的概念不如one强烈。如：I have _.我有一本书。4表示职业、身份、宗教等。如：Her brother is _.她哥哥是一名医生。,A horse,A woman,a book,a doctor,人教版,5用在某些习惯用语中。如：a few一些；几个have a look看一看 匆忙，急于_ have a swim游泳a lot很，非常 have a try试一试过得愉快；玩得高兴 _6用an而不用a的情况：an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。在以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。,提醒 在某些短语中有定冠词与无定冠词意义不同。如：in class 在课堂in the class 在班里在他的房前（外面）_在他房子的前部（内部）_,in a hurry,have a good time,in front of his house,in the front of his house,人教版,考点三：不用冠词的情况,1在专有名词(包括人名、地名、节日、月份、季节)前不用冠词。如：China中国，Canada加拿大。2物质名词和抽象名词前一般不加冠词。如：time时间；water水；fruit水果。3表示一类人或事物的复数名词前不用冠词。如：They are nurses.他们是护士。4人名、称呼语、头衔、职务等名词前，一般不加冠词。如：Mr.Wang王先生；Alice爱丽丝。5三餐、球类、棋类、游戏名称前，不用冠词。如：吃午饭_；踢足球_。,have lunch,play football,人教版,6在“by交通工具”中，不加冠词。如：by bike骑自行车；乘火车_。7名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时，不用冠词。如：That is Marys book.那是玛丽的书。My ruler is on the desk.我的尺子在课桌上,by train,中考真题,()1.(2013.南通)-Are there many places of interest in Nantong?-Yes.By_way,you can go there by_ bus.A.the;a B./;the C.the;/D.a;/()2.(2013.锦州)Can you see_ sun at night?A.a B.the C.an D./,c,B,()3.(2013.杭州)I think its really_ hard work for me to finish the job in twenty minutes.A.a B.an C.the D./()4.(2013.连云港)Lianyungang is_ attractive city.Its such_ nice place that many tourists come here every summer.A.a;a B the;/C.an;/D.an;a,D,D,()9.(2013.天津)-What do you usually have for_ breakfast?-A piece of bread and_ egg.A.a;an B/;the C.a;the D./;an()5.(2013.咸宁)Maria would like_ orange,not _ orange juice.A.a;the B./;an C.an;/D.an;an,D,C,()13.(2013.贺州)Simon is _ honest boy.Now he is studying at_ university.A.a;an B.an;a C.the;a D.the;a()16.(2013.扬州)-Excuse me,is there_ book by Mo Yan?-Yes.Its on_ bookshelf over there.A.a;/B.a;the C./;the D.the;a,B,B,()17.(2013.)He has bought_ MP5._ MP5 cost him 200 yuan.A.a;The B.an;An C.an;The()18.(2013.)I like_ colour of your coat.Ill buy _ coat like this colour.A the;the B.a;a C.the;a D.a;the,A,C,()19.(2013.乌鲁木齐)_ old man behind Tom is_ university teacherA.An;an B.A;the C.The;a D.The;an()22.(2013.益阳)_ Great Wall is_ longest wall in the world.A The;the B.A;a C.The;a,A,c,()23.(2013.凉山)The third Sunday of June is_ Fathers Day.Its_ special day for children to show their love to their fathers.A.a;the B.the;a C./;a()24.(2013.南充)-Would you mind cleaning your room?-OK.Ill do it in_ minute.A.the B.an C.a,c,c,().(2013.成都)We should offer the seats to_ old on the bus.A.an B./C.the()33.(2013.内江)-How is_ film you saw last night?-You mean_ one,Lost in Thailand(泰囧)?Thats wonderful!A.a;the B.the;the C.the;不填 D.不填;the,c,B,()36.(2013.白银)This is_ book I told you about yesterday,A.a B.the C.an D./,B,人教版,课标考点1掌握基数词和序数词的构成和用法。2掌握年、月、日、时的基本表达方式和分数、加减法以及hundred、thousand、million等的用法。,考点一：基数词,1构成(1)012单独记。如：zero，one，two，three等。(2)1319词尾都是teen。如：fourteen，seventeen等，但13thirteen,15fifteen,18eighteen需要特殊记。(3)20,30,40等整数的基数词均以ty结尾。如：20twenty,30thirty,40forty,50fifty,80eighty等。,人教版,(4)“几十几”要加连字符号“”。如：48fortyeight；97ninetyseven。(5)“几百几”或者“几百几十几”加and。如：156one hundred and fiftysix；509five hundred and nine。(6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号前为千(thousand)，第二个逗号前为百万(million)，第三个逗号前为(十亿)billion。如：3,610three thousand six hundred and ten；94,295ninetyfour thousand two hundred and ninetyfive；274,350two hundred and seventyfour thousand three hundred and fifty。,人教版,2用法(1)表示数量。(2)表示年龄和年份。(3)表示时刻。表示时间有两种方法，即：钟点分钟或用介词past 表示“几点过几分”，用to表示“差几分就几点了”。分钟数放在past/to之前，如：1：58读作one fiftyeight或two to two；1：02读作one o two或two past one。(4)表示顺序。如：Class Five，Room One。(5)确数和概数的表达。“基数词hundred/thousand/million/billion可数名词复数”表示准确数字，如：five hundred五百。“hundreds/thousands/millions/billions of名词”表示大约数字，数百(千，百万，十亿)，前面可用several，some，many等修饰。,人教版,(6)年代表达法：用“几十”的基数词的复数形式或者在年份后面加s可以用来表示岁数和年代。如：in his fifties 在他五十多岁的时候；in 1960s 在20世纪60年代。(7)“another基数词名词的复数”或者“基数词more名词”表示在一定基础上再增加一定的数量。如：two more another two。(8)“基数词单数可数名词形容词”作定语修饰名词。如：a sixteenyearold boy一个16岁的男孩；an 800metrelong bridge一座800米长的桥；womens 800metre race女子800米接力；a tenminute walka ten minutes walk步行十分钟。,人教版,考点二：序数词,1构成(1)“第一”、“第二”、“第三”分别是 first，second，third。(2)“第四”到“第十九”除了fifth，eighth，ninth，twelfth是特殊的拼写外，其余的都是在相应基数词后面加th构成。如：fourth。(3)整十的序数词由相应的基数词变y为i，再加eth。如：thirtythirtieth；fiftyfiftieth。(4)第一百hundredth；第一千thousandth；第一百万millionth。(5)有个位数的基数词只变化个位数。如：twentyonetwentyfirst；one hundred and oneone hundred and first。,人教版,2用法(1)序数词表示顺序。在用序数词表示顺序的时候，要在序数词前加冠词the，序数词后的名词要用单数。如：the fifth floor。(2)序数词表示日期。日期可按日，月，年的顺序表示，也可按月，日，年的顺序表示。日期既可以用阿拉伯数词，也可写成缩略形式的序数词。如：2010.5.1读作May the first，two thousand and ten。(3)分数的表示：分子基数词，分母序数词，分子大于1，分母加“s”；“分数名词”做主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词，名词为复数，动词用复数；名词为单数或者不可数名词，动词用单数。如：1/4 one fourth；3/6 three sixths。,人教版,考点三：数词的其他用法,1表示倍数关系。表示“一倍”once；表示“两倍”twice；表示“三倍”或“三倍以上”的倍数用times。如：三次three times；十倍ten times。2数词前加every，表示“每一段时间或每隔一段时间”。如：every ten days/every ninth day每10天/每隔9天。3与数目有关的词语。如：half一半；second 秒；a quarter四分之一；several几个；a few几个；a dozen一打；a score 二十。,