非谓语动词 (3).ppt

专题五 非谓语动词,专题导读,真题典例,新题预测,返回目录,专题五非谓语动词,非谓语动词是高中英语教学的重点和难点，也是历届高考的重点项目。命题热点多是借助于基本概念，在语境中考查常用动词的各种非谓语形式以及个性动词后的非谓语形式。有时也涉及非谓语动词逻辑主语的一致性问题以及独立主格结构中非谓语的各种变化。其考点主要包括1考查不定式和动名词作宾语的区别。要求熟记“三类”动词：(1)只能接不定式作宾语的动词。如：seem,attempt,neglect,afford,demand,long,arrange,mean,expect等；(2)只能接动名词作宾语的动词。如：acknowledge,admit,appreciate,avoid,delay,escape,consider,permit,imagine,postpone,risk等；(3)接不定式和动名词意义有别的动词。如：remember,try,mean,返回目录,专题导读,专题五非谓语动词,regret等。2考查不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别.不定式表示未来的动作；现在分词表示进行的动作；过去分词表示完成的动作。2考查不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别.不定式表示未来的动作；现在分词表示进行的动作；过去分词表示完成的动作。3考查不定式和分词作状语的区别。(1)结果状语：only to do表示“出乎意料的结果”；thus doing表示“自然而然的结果”。,返回目录,专题导读,专题五非谓语动词,(2)原因状语：be glad(silly，sad，disappointed，satisfied，sorry，surprised)to have done表示“很高兴(愚蠢、难过)做了”。(3)原因状语：“being形容词(过去分词、副词、介词短语、名词)”通常在句中表示原因。4考查分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别.(1)感官动词see,watch,observe,look at,hear,listen to,notice 等和使役动词have 后面的宾补有三种形式：不带to 的不定式、现在分词和过去分词；(2)leave 后接三种形式作宾补：leave sb doing sth让某人一直做某事；leave sth undone留下某事未做；leave sth to be done留下某事要做；,返回目录,专题导读,专题五非谓语动词,(3)have,get 后接三种形式作宾补：have/get sth done使/让某事由别人去做(叫/让某人做某事);have sb/sth doing 使/让某人/物持续地做某事(现在分词表示主动或正在进行);get sb/sth doing使某人/物开始行动起来；have sb do sth(get sb to do sth)使/让/叫某人去做某事；(4)be said(reported，thought，considered)to do sth(据说要)/to be doing sth(据说正在)/to have done sth(据说已经)。5考查非谓语的时态和语态。即现在分词的一般体和完成体的区别，过去分词和现在分词的区别。,返回目录,专题导读,专题五非谓语动词,6考查非谓语动词的其他结构。with(out)复合宾语结构、独立主格结构、不定式的复合结构等。2014年高考将继续加强对非谓语动词的考查，而且对分词的考查仍是重点。试题的测试点将呈现出“情景化”和“设问角度多样化”的趋势，但试题的难度不会太大。,返回目录,专题导读,返回目录,真题典例,12013湖南卷 You cannot accept an opinion _ to you unless it is based on facts.A.offering Bto offerChaving offered Doffered,解析 D 考查非谓语动词。句意：你不能接受别人给你提出的建议，除非该建议是基于事实的。过去分词offered作定语修饰名词opinion，与该名词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。,专题五非谓语动词,返回目录,真题典例,22013湖南卷 The sun began to rise in the sky,_ the mountain in golden light.A.bathed Bbathing Cto have bathed Dhaving bathed,解析 B 考查非谓语动词。句意：太阳在天空中升起，大山沐浴在金色的光亮之中。此处bathe是及物动词，意为“把沐浴在之中”，在这里用作结果状语，与主句的主语the sun构成逻辑上的主动关系，故用v.ing形式。,专题五非谓语动词,返回目录,真题典例,32013湖南卷 _ warm at night,I would fill the woodstove,then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.A.Staying BStayed CTo stay DStay,解析 C 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了晚间保暖，我往火炉中添了木材，又设置了午夜闹铃以便再添加。此处“保暖”是“添加木材”的目的，故用不定式表示。,专题五非谓语动词,返回目录,真题典例,42013重庆卷 The engine just wont start.Something seems _ wrong with it.Ato go Bto have gone Cgoing Dhaving gone,解析 B考查非谓语动词。seem后应接不定式，但又要表达不定式动作先于seem动作发生，所以用不定式的完成式。,专题五非谓语动词,返回目录,真题典例,52013陕西卷 Let those in need _ that we will go all out to help them.Ato understand BunderstandCunderstanding Dunderstood,解析 B考查非谓语动词。所填的非谓语动词作使役动词let的宾语补足语，应用省略to的动词不定式，即动词原形，故选B项。句意：让那些需要的人明白我们将尽我们所能帮助他们。,专题五非谓语动词,返回目录,真题典例,62013北京卷 Volunteering gives you a chance _ lives,including your own.A.change BchangingCchanged Dto change,解析 D 考查非谓语动词。a chance to do sth做某事的机会。不定式表达的是未做的事情。,专题五非谓语动词,返回目录,真题典例,72013北京卷 When we saw the road _ with snow,we decided to spend the holiday at home.A.block Bto block Cblocking Dblocked,解析 D考查非谓语动词。road与block之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用v.ed形式表示被动和完成。,专题五非谓语动词,返回目录,真题典例,82013福建卷 Anyone,once _ positive for H7N9 flu virus,will receive free medical treatment from our government.A.to be tested Bbeing testedCtested Dto test,解析 C考查非谓语动词。句意：任何人一旦被检查出H7N9流感病毒呈阳性，都将接受来自政府的免费治疗。不定式作状语只用于表示目的和意外结果，其他形式的状语均由分词充当。根据句意，此处应为条件状语或时间状语，可先排除不定式的答案。being tested是现在分词的被动语态，表示一个正在发生的被动动作，不符合句意。故答案应为C项。,专题五非谓语动词,返回目录,真题典例,92013江苏卷 Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and _ to ruins,the city took on a new look.Areducing Breduced Cbeing reduced Dhaving reduced,解析 C考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空格处应与前面的suffering并列，作介词after的宾语，同时动词reduce与主句主语the city之间构成动宾关系，所以用动名词的被动形式，故选C项。,专题五非谓语动词,返回目录,真题典例,102013新课标全国卷 I got to the office earlier that day,_ the 7：30 train from Paddington.Acaught Bto have caught Cto catch Dhaving caught,解析 D考查非谓语动词。句意：因为赶上了七点半从帕丁顿始发的火车，所以那天我到办公室比较早。此句考查分词作原因状语，having done表示分词的动作和主语是主动关系，且发生在谓语动词动作之前。,专题五非谓语动词,返回目录,新题预测,1.The guide asked us again if we had ever been to the temple_ the Ming Dynasty.A.dated back to Bthat date back toCdate back to Ddating back to,解析 D考查非谓语动词。题干中temple后的部分应作定语，date back to不能用于被动语态，故用v.ing形式作定语。,专题五非谓语动词,返回目录,新题预测,2.Early this year cruel snowstorms hit southern China,_ great transportation problems in some areas.Acaused BcausingCto cause Dhaving caused,解析 B考查非谓语动词作结果状语。现在分词作状语表示由前面的动作导致的自然结果；不定式则表示预料不及的结果。由此可知B项正确。,专题五非谓语动词,返回目录,新题预测,3.Measures must be taken to prevent pollution_ happily.Afrom we live Bfor us to liveCus living Dfrom our living,解析 B考查非谓语动词。句意：对于我们来说，为了幸福生活，我们必须采取一些措施阻止污染。for us表示“为了我们”；to live不定式表示目的。故选B项。,专题五非谓语动词,返回目录,新题预测,4Apple has given in to intense pressure from Chinese state media about its customer service practices，_ to consumers in its secondlargest market.Aapologizing BapologizeChaving apologized Dto apologize,解析 A考查分词作状语。本句中的动词apologize与句子主语Apple构成主动关系，故使用现在分词作状语。句意：面对中国官方媒体对其客户服务准则的巨大压力，苹果公司(Apple)屈服了，它向自己的第二大市场上的消费者做出了道歉。故A正确。,专题五非谓语动词,返回目录,新题预测,5_to work overtime that evening,I missed a wonderful film.AHaving been asked BTo askCHaving asked DTo be asked,解析 A考查分词作状语。本句中的动词ask与句子主语I构成逻辑上的被动关系，故使用过去分词形式。又因强调动作已经完成，故用完成时的被动语态。句意：那天晚上我被要求加班，错过了一场很精彩的电影。故A正确。,专题五非谓语动词,返回目录,新题预测,6.The horse_the distance in six days_the trains 28 hours.Aran;comparing with Bcovered;compared withCoccupied;compared with Dcovered;comparing with,解析 B考查非谓语动词。句意：马走这一段要用6天，与之相比火车要用28个小时。第一空cover是指“走过(一段路程)”；第二空compare with是习惯搭配，意思是“与相比”。故B项正确。,专题五非谓语动词,返回目录,新题预测,7.Jenny was bending over a desk,her tongue sticking out slightly，_ in the pain of composition.Ahaving absorbed BabsorbedCbeing absorbed Dabsorbing,解析 B考查非谓语动词。句意：珍妮在课桌旁弯着腰，舌头稍微伸出，沉浸在作文的痛苦中。sb be absorbed in意为“某人沉浸在”，这里用非谓语动词。故选B项。,专题五非谓语动词,返回目录,新题预测,8I will be surprised if you can get Calvin,who is very busy，_these tickets for you.Abuy BbuyingCbuys Dto buy,解析 D考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你能让卡尔文为你买这些票，我会很吃惊，他是那么忙。get sb to do sth让某人做某事。,专题五非谓语动词,返回目录,新题预测,9.Life is a journey_with hardships,joys and special moments.Afilled Bto fillCfilling Dhaving filled,解析 A考查过去分词作定语。句意：人生是充满困难、快乐和特殊时刻的旅程。be filled with“充满”，用过去分词作定语，修饰a journey，故选A。,专题五非谓语动词,返回目录,新题预测,10.A hearty laugh relieves physical tension，_your muscles relaxed for over half an hour.Ato leave Bleft Cleaving Dleave,解析 C考查现在分词作结果状语。句意：一个开心的大笑可以缓解身体的紧张，使你的肌肉放松半个多小时。此处leaving表示顺理成章的结果。故选C项。,专题五非谓语动词,返回目录,备用习题,1Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple,but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.Ato see Bto be seen Cseeing Dseen,解析 B考查非谓语动词。whether引导一个主语从句，it作形式主语。remain后接to do sth作表语。see与主语从句是动宾关系，故用to be seen，即正确答案为B。,返回目录,备用习题,2She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a big rock by the side of the path.Ato have rested Bresting Cto rest Drest,解析 C考查非谓语动词。stop doing sth 停下手中正在做的事；stop to do sth 停下来去做另外一件事。根据句意可知选C项。,返回目录,备用习题,3Please do me a favour_ my friend Mr Smith to Youth Theater at 7：30 tonight.Ato invite Binviting Cinvite Dinvited,解析 C考查句子结构。根据语意及句中“”可知后句是一个祈使句，应该用动词原形。,返回目录,备用习题,4The teacher knows that you are always the first _ to the classroom since last September.Acoming Bto come Ccame Dhas come,解析 B考查非谓语动词。此处不定式to come和the first之间是主谓关系。句意：老师知道自去年9月以来你总是第一个进教室。,返回目录,备用习题,5The flood last month in the east was a real disaster,_19 people dead and 78 missing.Ato leave BleftCleaving Dhaving left,解析 C考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，the flood与leave之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用leave的现在分词形式。,返回目录,备用习题,6Some drivers are warning the vehicles _ behind them,such as“Dont follow me.I lost my way too.”and“Be off.Im married.”Ato run BRunningChaving run Dhaving been run,解析 B考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，the vehicles与run之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用run的现在分词形式；又根据句中的时态可知，应用run的现在分词的一般式。,返回目录,备用习题,7This restaurant，_by an old couple，has an inviting，homelike atmosphere that many restaurants lack.Aowning Bto own Chaving owned Downed,解析 D考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，own与this restaurant构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且“_ by an old couple”作this restaurant的后置定语，故用own的过去分词形式，选D。,返回目录,备用习题,8Nuclear radiation is said _ the biggest health challenge in Japanese earthquake over the past few months.Abeing Bto beCto have been Dthat it is,解析 C考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的几个月中，据说日本地震中的核辐射对健康是最大的挑战。谓语动词中使用了被动结构，其后要用动词不定式，同时该动作发生在过去，所以应用不定式的完成式。故正确答案为C。,返回目录,备用习题,9New surveys suggest that people are more stressed and working longer hours than ever with technological tools constantly _Aupdating BupdatesCupdated Dto update,解析 C考查非谓语动词。句意：新调查显示，随着技术工具的不断更新，人们的压力比以前更大，工作时间更长。分析句子结构可知，update和technological tools之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用update的过去分词形式。,返回目录,备用习题,10The GPS,originally _ by the US military,covers the whole world.Adeveloping Bto be developedCdeveloped Dhaving developed,解析 C考查非谓语动词。句意：最初由美国军队研制的全球定位系统现在覆盖了全世界。the GPS 与develop之间是被动关系，故用developed by the US military这一过去分词结构作后置定语。,