中考英语语法讲解课件-代词.ppt

中考英语语法,代词,英语的2/3,Between两者之间Onethe other一个另一个Both两者都(both sides)Either两者中任何一个(either side)Neither(两者中任何一个也不)Each other彼此,Among三者之间Another另一个All所有Each每个-none任何一个都不Nor所有都不One another 彼此,1.Some of you will water the flowers,_ will clean the classroom.A.other B.the others C.another D.othersB考点分析:1.Others=other+ns.其他的.例:would you like other books?2.The others=the other+ns.指两大类中的其中一类.请联系(onethe other理解)3.Another 三者中的任何一个(无复数)2.There are not _ buses in the street.A.any B.some C.much D.littleA考点分析:当表示一些时:Any 用在否定/疑问句当表示一些时:some用于陈述句.(但是表示征求意见除外)例:can I borrow some books from you?,3.The question is so difficult that _ students can answer it.A.a few B.a little C.few D.littleC考点分析:few./little;a few/a little的区别Sothat从句.如此以至于4.Can you give me _ink?-certainly A.any B.some C.much D.manyB考点分析:讯问用some(详见2题),5.She has two brothers._ of them is a teacher.A.every B.both C.neither D.norC考点分析:常考题,易错题没有every of的用法Both of them+are(both配复数)Neither of them+is两者中一个也没有(neither配单数)Either of them+is两者中任何一个(either配单数)没有nor of提问:能用either;each;all;none吗?6._ of them has a new watch.A.both B.each C.everyone D.allB考点分析:Each of them 三者以上其中任一个,7.Is there _ in todays newspaper?A.new anything B.new nothing C.anything new D.something newC考点分析:常考题,易错题Anything 用于否定/疑问句Something 用于肯定句对Anything/something不定代词的修饰后置.8.Toms mother has one new coat and two old _.A.one B.ones C.ones D.themB考点分析:汤姆的妈妈有一个新外套和两个旧外套此题较少见.请大家注意One除了一个之外,还可以表示上面提到的.(请重点记忆)8A.He lost his pen,I will buy _ for him.A.one B.it C.that D.ones,9.She danced better than _ other girl in her class.A.some B.many C.any D.oneC考点分析:常考题,易错题请大家背这两个句型Someone doesbetter than any other studentSomeone does.better than other students.意思都是:某人做比班里其他同学好.10.She speaks English better than _ else in her class.A.anyone B.each one C.other D.any otherA考点分析:Else 其他的此词常用在不定代词(anyone,someone,nowhere等)和疑问代词(whoever;whatever),11.-Have _ piece of bread,please?-Thank you.I am quite full.A.other B.another C.several D.someB考点分析:常考题,见到询问别人再来一块/杯等,就记 would you like another cake/cup?12.About twenty of the students went abroad.-Oh,what about _?A.others B.the others C.the other D.anotherB考点分析:分两批,一批去国外,另外一批(符合两类;复数),13.They didnt get as _ information as you did.A.many B.much C.more D.worseB考点分析:同级比较的扩展Asas像一样(中间配原型)Information信息(不可数)不要和 asas sb can 混淆(尽某人全力)14.There are trees on _ sides of the river.A.both B.either C.each D.everyA考点分析:Both sidesBoth 扩展:both sides(both+ns);both of them(both of+代词)Either side提问each 为何错?,15.As a teacher,I know _.A.all them B.them all C.all they D.them of allB考点分析:死背Them all(all放于代词后)作为一个老师,我了解他们所有16.There are not _ vegetables in my bowl,but there is _ chicken in it.A.some;any B.any;some C.any;any D.some;someB考点分析:Any 疑问;some 陈述,17._ is very kind of you to help me.A.This B.That C.There D.ItD考点分析:常考题,易错题强调句 it is for sb toIt is to do 特例:It is kind/nice of you to help me.There be 句型+n18.You two should help_.A.each other B.to one another C.that D.thisA考点分析:Each other彼此,19.There is a glass of water.Please pass_ to me.A.it B.one C.that D.thisA考点分析:提问:此题怎么改能用 one?20.This new book doesnt belong to _.A.my B.mine C.me D.my ownC考点分析:Sth belong to sb 某物属于某人Sb要用宾格,21.Do you think her T-shirt is more beautiful than_?A.me B.my C.mine D.I C考点分析:常考题,易错题你认为她的T-shirt比我的更漂亮吗?从翻译中我们可以看出,比较的是衬衫,mine=my shirt所以选C22.You always study harder than _.You can do with it better than _ do A.me,me B.I,me C.me,I D.I,mineC考点分析:第一句缺宾语第二句缺主语,23._ will all go swimming this afternoon.A.We,you and they B.You,we and they C.We,they and you D.They,you and weA考点分析:复数人称顺序为“一二三”单数人称顺序为“二三一”24.Smith and Black had a picnic with a couple of friends of _ yesterday.A.their B.theirs C.his D.themB考点分析:史和布和他们的朋友中的两个昨天去野营.A couple of friends of theirs=a couple of their friends 死背翻译:我的学生中的一些会成功,他们中的一个会成为明星A few of students of mine will be successful,and one of them will be a star,25.To _ surprise,what_ said is the same as_.A.my,he,our B.me,his,ours C.my,he,ours D.me,him,ourC考点分析:出乎我的意料,他所说的和我们所说的一样To ones surprise.-见到词组中的ones,都要用定语类人称词.What he said 是主语从句,此从句缺主语,所以填he26.A friend of _ came to our school and gave a talk.A.my B.his C.her D.yourB考点分析:详见24题.Imine;weours;youyours;hehis;shehers;itits;theytheirs,27.Everyone should care for_ own health.A.his B.her C.theirs D.itsA考点分析:每个人都应在乎他自己的身体.Everyone单数,-决定其后a/b/dEveryone-搭配his;28.“Help _ to some chicken.”said the host to me.A.yourself B.you C.yours D.yourselvesA考点分析:Help yourself请自便,29.The kid can dress_ when he gets up.A.him B.his C.He D.himselfD考点分析:Sb be dressed in+服装=sb wear 服装Sb dress oneself 某人自己穿衣服30.Someone is behind the tree,_?A.what is it B.who is it C.who are you D.which one is itB考点分析:当不清楚性别时,某人用“who is it?”而不说who are you?打电话/应门类中的“你是谁”.who is that?不要混淆.,31.I think _ easy to help you with your Chinese A.it B.one C.that D.thisA考点分析:常考题,易错题I think it easy to do单句,(有点类似强调句)I think that it is easy for me to do复句(划线部分是强调句)I think it easy to help you.我认为帮你很容易I think that it is easy for me to help you.32.The price of a bike is higher than _ of a watch.A.it B.price C.any D.thatD考点分析:这个车的价格比那个手表(的价格)高.That of a watch代替了 the price of a watch,避免重复It of a watch是错误的,没有 it of的用法,33.This is Jane speaking.Whos _?A.you B.that C.he D.itB考点分析:电话用语,你是谁-who is that?不确定性别的某人;有个人,是谁?-who is it?详见30题34.I have never met_ a person.A.such B.that C.this D.itA考点分析:我从未见过如此的一个人.提问:能用so吗?,人称代词归类,I-me-my-mine-myselfWeus-our-ours-ourselves Youyou-your-yours-yourself/yourselvesHe-him-his-his-himselfShe her-her-hers-herselfIt-it-its-its-itselfTheythem-their theirs themselves,不定代词,SomeoneSome place/time/body/one/thingAnyEveryNoSomeplace newSomeplace else new,Onethe other一个另一个-another:前提:单数二/三I have two pens,one is mine,the other is hersI have 3 pens,one is mine,one is hers,another is hers,Others=other+ns,前提:多方有很多人打架,一些人在围观,其他人在帮忙有两帮人在打架,一帮在跑,一帮在砍Many men are fighting.Some are watching.Other men are helpingSome=some menOthers=other men,Onesthe others-others,【考点直击】1.人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法；2.名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法；3.反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法；4.常见不定代词的一般用法；5.指示代词的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法；6.相互代词的基本用法；7.疑问代词的基本用法。8.关系代词的基本用法。【名师点睛】代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。,代 词,一、1.定义：代词是代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、不定式、V-ing形式、从句或句子的词。2.分类：大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种。,二、人称代词1.概念与形式：人称代词是表示“我(们)”、“你(们)”、“他、她(们)”、“它(们)”的词。人称代词不仅可以指认，也可指物，有人称、数和格的变化。,数,格,人 称,2.功能：人称代词有主格和宾格之分。主格形式在句中作主语、表语等成分，宾格形式在句中作动词宾语、介词宾语、同位语等，有时也作表语。如：I like table tennis.Do you know him?-Who is knocking at the door?-Its I/me.注：人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：He is older than me.He is older than I am.Miss Lin taughter her an English song.,I主格,作主语,him宾格,作宾语,I/me作表语,在口语中作表语常用代词宾格,her宾格,作动词的宾语,Dont worry about me!I can look after it well.We,us three will be able to finish the work.3.用法：it的用法：A:人称代词it的用法it作人称代词代替人或事物。it一般指人以外的一切生物或事物,有时也指婴儿或不知性别的人。,me,it是宾格,作介词的about、after的宾语,us是宾格,作we的同位语,I have a lovely cat.I like it very much.English is very useful.It is my favorite subject.The baby is crying.It might be hungry.Someone is ringing.Who might it be?,it指动物,it指事物,it指婴儿,it指不知性别的人,B:非人称代词it的用法it用作无人称的主语，不指物，而指时间、天气、季节、距离、温度或事物的状态。It还可以指代上文提到的事情，还可指代短语或句子。It is about five kilometers from here.Its 9:00pm.I must go.How windy it is today!Professor Lee gave us a lecture yesterday.It was interesting.,it指距离,it指时间,it指天气,C:指示代词it的用法用于“it is/was+表语”的结构-Who is there downstairs?-Its the postman.-Who is there talking?-Its your father.指代this或thatWhats that on the desk?I guess it might be robot.This is your plan,isnt it?,D:形式代词it的用法形式代词可代替句子中的不定式、V-ing形式、从句等，作形式主语、形式宾语等,it无意义。it作形式主语代替不定式即用于“Its+adj+to do sth”句型中。Its very nice of you to help me.代替V-ing形式Its great fun climbing mountains.,常用it代替V-ing形式的结构It is no use doing sth.做没用It is not any use doing sth.做没用It is no good doing sth.做没好处It is not any good doing sth.做没好处It is no need doing sth.做没必要It is fun doing sth.做有趣代替that从句It is a fact that population is still increasing.It turns out that were going to have another busy day.,常用it代替that从句的结构It is a good thing that 是好事情It is a good news that 是好消息It is obvious that 很明显It is necessary that 有必要 It is important that 很重要 It is strange that 很奇怪It is surprising that 令人惊讶It is likely/possible that 很可能It is well-known that 众所周知,It is said that 据说It is reported that 据报道It is recorded that 据记载It is suggested that 有人提议It is ordered that 根据命令It turns out that 结果是It should be noted that 应注意It has been proved that 已证明It has worked out that 结果是It seems/appears that 好像It happened that 碰巧,it作形式宾语I find it hard to learn maths.I believe it no use reading without understanding.常用it作形式宾语的动词believe guess suppose think feel find discover notice make,E:常用固定句型It is/has been+时间+since此句型表示“从以来有”,since后常用一般过去时。It is/has been years since we parted in the college.Its time to do sth/for sth 到了该做某事的时间了Its time to go to school/for school.,多个人称代词并列时,顺序为:单数:二,三,一(you,he/she(him/her)and I(me)复数:一,二,三(we(us),you(you)and they(them)如果男女并列时，应先男后女，如：He and she 如果在表示不好意思，承担责任时，单数时用，I,he,she,you,复数时用they,you,we.注:若把错误责任担,第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面.),例如：She and I have been to Beijing.Who broke the window?I and Mike.You,he,and I are of the same age.I,he and you have to pay for it.We,you and they should return on time.,三、物主代词,1.概念与形式：表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。,2.作用和用法：形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：Our teacher is coming to see us.This is her pencil-box.名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Our school is here,and theirs is there.（theirs相当于their school,作主语）-Is this English-book yours?-No.Mine is in my bag.（yours相当于your English-book,作表语;mine相当于my English-book,作主语）,Ive already finished my homework.Have you finished yours?（yours相当于your homework,作宾语）名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词，名词是单数，名词性物主代词为单数，反之为复数。特定人的不特定的所有关系 双重所有格带有s所有格的名词，必须是一个明确限定的指人的名词，同时of前面的名词必须不确指。a cousin of my fathers 我父亲的一个堂兄(弟)several friends of mine 我的几个朋友,物主代词不可与 a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,several,no,each,every,such,another,which等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。公式为：a,an,this,that+名词+of+名词性物主代词。如：a friend of mine.each brother of his.a friend of hers/his/theirs/ours=one of his friends 她(他、他们、我们)的一个朋友the watch of hers=one of her watches,四、指示代词,1.概念与形式：用来指代或标记人或事物的代词。表示“那个”、“这个”、“那些”、“这些”包括：this，that，these，those。2.作用和用法：A:this和these一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人;that和those 则指时间或空间上较远的事物或人。例如：This is a pen and that is a pencilWe are busy these daysIn those days the workers had a hard time,B:有时that和those代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复。that代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词。those 代替复数名词。this 和these则是指下面将要讲到的事物。例如：I had a cold.Thats why I didnt come.What I want to say is this:pronunciation is very important in learning English Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in ShanghaiC:this在电话用语中代表自己,that 则代表对方。例如：Hello!This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?,五、反身代词,1.概念与形式：表示“我(们)自己”，“你(们)自己”，“他(她、它)(们)自己”的代词称为反身代词也叫自身代词。,2.作用和用法：反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。A:作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。有些动词需有反身代词absent,bathe,amuse,blame,dry,cut,enjoy,hurt,introduce,behaveWe enjoyed ourselves very much last night.Please help yourself to some fish.He called himself a writer 注:有些动词后不跟反身代词,get up,sit-down,stand up,wake up等。Please sit down.,在不强调的情况下，but,except,for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如：No one but myself(me)is hurt.注意:a.反身代词本身不能单独作主语。(错)Myself drove the car.(对)I myself drove the car.我自己开车。b.但在and,or,nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是myself 作主语。Charles and myself saw it.B:作表语。It doesnt matter.Ill be myself soonThe girl in the news is myself,C:作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。I myself washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主语同位语）You should ask the teacher himself（作宾语同位语）D:反身代词常和for,of,in,by等介词搭配，构成固定短语。for oneself 亲自 of oneself 自动 in oneself 本身固有 by oneself 独自 Think for yourself and youll get the answer.The computer can shut off of itself.You shouldnt leave the child by himself at home.,六、不定代词,1.概念与形式：不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，不定代词除every 和no外不定代词既可用作名词，也可用作形容词。every和no在句中只能作定语。且不定代词没有主格、宾格之分，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。I have no idea about it.,二三问题,二both,between,either,neither,onethe other;,三AllAmongEachNoneAnother,other,一:other+ns=others从词性上说,other（形容词，代词)Someothers二：Onethe other-onesthe others三:another 有复数吗？三单当任何表示意愿类时，只用anotherCan/may/Would you likeWould you mindWould you please doHow about/what about doing?Why not Let us 扩展复数 another two=two more,不定代词,不定代词后置修饰不定代词的其他 someone else不定代词表其他时的修饰例其他的某人陌生人Someone else strange,1.some与any的区别,1）some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个”作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。Look!Some of the students are cleaning the library.Some rice in the bag has been sold out.2）any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。If you have any questions,please ask me.There isnt any orange in the bottle.Have you got any tea?,3）any和some也可以作代词用，表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句中，some多用于肯定句中。How many people can you see in the picture?I cant see any.If you have no money,Ill lend you some.注意：与some,any结合的词如something,somebody,someone,anything,anyone,anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some,any的用法相同。,2.few,a few,little,a little在用法上的区别,1）用作形容词：,含义,用法,Im going to buy a few apples.He can speak only a little Chinese.There is only a little milk in the glass.He has few friends.They had little money with them.2）a little和little也可以用作副词，a little表示“有点，稍微”，little表示“很少”。Im a little hungry.(修饰形容词hungry)Let him sleep a little.(修饰动词sleep)Mary,go a little faster,please.(修饰副词比较级)She slept very little last night.,3.other,the other,another,others,the others的区别。,1）other可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”。Where are his other books?I havent any other books except this one.2）other也可以用作代词，与冠词the连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one.,the other.”句型。He has two brothers.One is 10 years old,the other is 5 years old.She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.,3）other作代词用时，可以有复数“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some搭配构成“some.,others.”句型。Some went to the cinema,others went swimming.This coat is too large.Show me some others,please.4）“the others”表示特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。We got home by 4 oclock,but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock.In our class only Tom is English,the others are Chinese.5）another可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个”，还可以跟代词one.You can see another ship in the sea,cant you?Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt.Would you please show her another one?6）another也可以作代词用，表示“另一个”。Im still hungry after Ive had this cake.Please give me another.,4.every与each的区别。,The teacher gave a toy to each child.Each ball has a different colour.当我们说each child,each student或each teacher时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every的意思与all接近，表示他们都如此。Every student loves the English teacher.=All students love the English teacher.Every child likes playing.=All children like playing.,5.all和both的用法,1）all指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。all of/both of后为名词时,of可省略,但为宾格代词时不可省略。All of us like Mr Pope.(作主语)=We all like Mr Pope.(作同位语)Thats all for today.(作表语)Why not eat all(of)the fish?(作宾语)All the leaders are here.(作定语)All(of)the people here love peace.,all 的主谓一致：all的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定指事物的整体或抽象概念时当做单数，指人时当做复数。All goes well.一切进展得很好。all 通常不与可数名词单数连用，如：不说 all the book，而说 the whole book。但all可与表时间的可数名词单数连用，如 all day，all night，all the year；但习惯上不说 all hour，all century。all还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用，如 all China，all the city，all my life，all the way,2）both