复习名词冠词数词课件.ppt
一、名词：,1.可数名词：,a/an+n单1+ns,不可数名词：,不加 a/an,也不加 s,一般来说，物质名词和抽象名词都是不可数名词。,一张纸一个消息,a piece of paper,a piece of news,但是有的名词既可以做 n可，也可做 n不,n可：报纸/试卷 n不：纸,paper,fish,n可：鱼n不：鱼肉,1)有些物质名词既可作可数名词也可作 不可数名词，但词义有所变化。fruit水果-fruits表示不同种类的水果；food食物-foods各种食品；fish鱼-fishes鱼的种类；drink饮料/酒-a drink一份饮料/一杯酒；cloth布-a cloth桌布、抹布 sand沙-sands沙滩,paper纸-a paper试卷、论文；wood木头-a wood小森林；room空间、余地-a room房间 chicken鸡肉-a chicken小鸡；orange橘汁-an orange橘子；glass玻璃-a glass玻璃杯，glasses眼镜 tea茶-a tea一杯茶；,2)有些抽象名词变为复数时，词义有所不同。good(好处，益处)-goods(货物)，wood(木材)-woods(树林)，work(工作)-works(工厂，著作),2.可数名词的单复数：,ns:,(1).(2).(3).(4).(5).,+s,以s,x,ch,sh+es,buses,boxes,watches,dishes等,-辅音字母+y,-f/fe,v+es,i+es,half,shelf,leaf,wolfknife,wife,life,不规则变化,tomotoes,potatoesheroes,roof-,roofs,monkey,s,名词复数不规则变化：,man-woman-,child-,children,mouse-,mice,foot-tooth-goose-,feet,teeth,men,women,(6).单复数相同：,sheep,fish,deer,Japanese,Chinese,etc.,(7).复合名词：,a/an+n单+n单-n单+ns,a boy student-,boy students,但是遇到man和woman全部变复数,a woman doctor-,women teachers,geese,(8)有些名词总是以复数形式出现：,trousers,glasses,gloves,socks,stockings,shoes,shorts,chopsticks,scissors ect.,他们要表示单个数量时需要借助量词来表示：,一条裤子一副眼镜,a pair of trousers,a pair of glasses,(9)表示复数概念：people,police,The police _(look)for the thief now.Some people _(be)abroad twice.,are looking,have been,3.名词所有格：,(1)(2)(3)(4)(5),n单s,Jims bag,ns,the twins father,如果是无生命的名词，要采用“of+名词”的方式表达。,双重所有格,a friend of mine/yours/his/hers/ours/theirs,共同拥有分别拥有,Lily and Lucy roomLily and Lucy bags,s,s,s,(6).一些表示日期、时间、距离、国家名称 的无生命名词，也可加“s”构成所有格。a months time 一个月的时间 todays newspaper 今天的报纸 Beijings spring 北京的春天 twenty minutes walk 二十分钟的路程 the citys parks 城市公园(7).如果s后的名词是商店、住宅等地点 时，后面的名词常常要省略。at the doctors在诊所，在医务室 to my uncles到我叔叔家,4.名词的句法功能：P150,I.冠词a/an/the 的用法：,1.不定冠词：a/an,(1)第一次出现,(2)泛指单一、每一、任一事物,a+辅音开头的单词an+元音开头的单词,_ one-month-old baby _ h_ 8-year-old boy _ a_ useful book _ y_ u _ s,a,an,a,a,an,an,a,an,2.定冠词：the,(1)第二次或多次出现时；,(2)世界上独一无二的东西前；,the earth/sun/moon/universe/world,(3)the+-est，即the+形容词最高级,(4)the+序数词,(5)乐器前:play the piano/violin,(6)一家人:the Greens=the Green family=Greens family,张家,the Zhangs=the Zhang family,(7)the+形容词：表示一类人 the rich/poor the young/old,(8)双方均知道的人或事物:Wheres the book?Its in the desk.,(9)特指：the+名词+介词词组,The book is on the desk.The book on the desk is mine.,Where is the book?,Which book is mine?,用which+名词,(10)专有名词：the Great Wall,the USA/the UK,3.零冠词：即不用冠词,n不、ns:表示泛指时，不用冠词。,(1)球类运动前：play basketball/volleyball,(2)棋牌类活动前：play chess/cards,(3)三餐饭前：have breakfast/lunch/supper,have sth.for breakfast/lunch/supper/dinner,(4)by+交通工具：by bus/boat/plane/train,on foot,(5)at school/at work/at home,(6)年/月/季节/星期前不加冠词 in 1980/in December/in spring on Monday,(7)be ill/sick in hospital/bed,(8)人名、地名前：Lily,Shanghai,(9)学科前：English,science,maths,Chinese,(13)固定词组：,watch TV,at night,in town,(10)有物主代词时不用定冠词the;,(11)抽象名词、物质名词前不加,Failure is the mother of success.,silk/cotton等,(12)称呼/官衔/职位前不加冠词,II.数词：numbers,1.三位一读法：3，333，333，333,thousand,million,billion,2.百 and 十 3.十-个,one thousand,two hundred and sixty-five,1,265,4,087 698,324,7452,301,852 123,456,789,258,基数词the+序数词(-th),1.one-first two-second three-third,2.five-fifth twelve-twelfth,3.nine-ninth,4.整十:-ty-tieth twenty-twentieth,in Row One=in the first row,5.21:twenty-one-,twenty-first,一些数字的读法：,1.年：二位一读法 19 95 2000,nineteen ninety-five,two thousand/twenty hundred,2.公交车:,Bus(No.)11=the No.11 bus,3.房间：305房间,Room Three O Five,4.年代：20世纪70年代,in the 1970s,5.几十岁时：,in his forties.,6.分数基数词(1)/序数词(+s),四分之一：四分之三：,one/a fourth=one quarter,three fourths=three quarters,9.小数点：point,1.42.39,one point four,two point three nine,11.时间：,整点：30：30:,数字+oclock,half past+数字,分钟+past+几点,(60-分钟)+to+(几点+1),几点差几分,一刻钟 a quarter,10.岁数:数字+year(s)old,
