定语从句李子玲勿删.ppt

中考语法复习,十一、定语从句,形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等可以作定语，修饰名词或代词。a beautiful girl my book fifteen eggs sports shoes The man driving too fast was drunk.Its a good place to visit.The girl behind the tree is Kate.Would you like something delicious to eat?,定语从句,概念:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的句子叫定语从句.如：The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.The man who was driving too fast was drunk.,(Attributive clause),Mary is a girl who has long hair.,句子作定语,修饰girl,叫做定语从句,先行词,关系词,定语从句,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,关系代词,关系副词,who,whom,that,which，whose,where,when,why,Mary is a girl.,The girl has long hair.,合并为一个句子,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,1.The man is a worker.,2.The man is speaking at the meeting.,合并句子:,The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.,概念：,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词，叫先行词。从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，放在先行词之后。（注：关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用；同时又代替先行词，在定语从句中充当一个句子成分充当主语，宾语，定语或状语）。定语从句的谓语动词须和先行词保持人称和数的一致。,Eg:The girl who is standing on the stage is my teacher.(关系代词who代替先行词the girl在定语从句中作主语)I cant find the book(that)I bought yesterday.(关系代词that代替先行词the book在定语从句中作宾语，that可省略)He is a good doctor whose name is known in this town.(关系代词whose代替先行词doctors在定语从句中作定语，修饰name)This is the reason why you should leave.(关系副词why在定语从句中作状语，修饰先行词the reason),关系代词的用法:,（1）当先行词指物时用指物的关系代词that/which当先行词指物时,定语从句可用which 或that引导.二者都可在定语从句中做主语或宾语，作主语时不能省略，作宾语时则可以省略。A plane is a machine that/which can fly.The shop(that/which)I like isnt here now.（2）当先行词指人时用指人的关系代词who/that/whom。who/that可互换使用，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，作主语时不能省略，作宾语时则可以省略。,The girl that/who was badly hurt in the accident is my classmate.The girl(that/who)I like isnt here now.whom是指人的关系代词，为who的宾格形式，在定语从句中只能做宾语。可用who,that替换使用，也可以省略。The girl(whom that/who)I like isnt here now.The doctor(whom/who/that)she went to China with is very famous.=The doctor with whom she went to China is very famous.注意：介词后只能用指人的whom和指物的which。,The lady to whom you just talked is Miss Li.=The lady(whom/who/that)you just talked to is Miss Li.This is the book(which/that)Im looking for.,（3）whose 是who和which的所有格，意思是“（某人/某物）的”,即可指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语修饰紧随其后的名词，不可省略.This is the student whose bike was stolen last week.The girl whose father is a doctor is our classmate.Look at the house whose garden is very big.,I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.,分解,I know the girl.,The girls mother is a teacher.,作定语,下列情况只能用that,1.先行词被序数词或adj最高级修饰时.,We like the second lesson that is about“The football match”.Tom is the cleverest boy(that)I have ever known.This is the best book(that)I have ever read.,2.先行词是不定代词all,everything,nothing,anything,much,little,few,none等时，关系代词用that.,Everything(that)we saw in this film was true.Here is everything that makes us happy.3.先行词被all,every,each,any,no,little,few,some,much等修饰时。I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.,4.先行词被the only,the very,the last,the same修饰时，关系代词用that.(当先行词是人时，也可用关系代词who,whom),He is the only person that/who can help you out.5.当先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只能用that.We are talking about the people and the things(that)we have visited.,6.句中已经有who或which,为了避免重复时用that.,Who is the woman that is crying there?注意:who、that在指人可以通用，但下列宜用 who,不用that(没有who就用that)1.先行词是anyone,someone,anybody,those时，关系代词使用who。Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.Is there anyone who wants to go there?,2.在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who There is an old man who wants to see you.There are many young men who are against him.,.关系副词的用法：关系副词why,when,where在定语从句当中代替先行词，分别作原因/时间/地点状语，不能省略。(关系副词介词which)I still remember the day when(=on which)I first came to Beijing.Is this the reason why(=for which)he was late?,Ill never forget the day when(=on which)I joined the League.This is the house where I lived two years ago.=This is the house in which I lived two years ago.=This is the house(which/that)I lived in two years ago.,Exercise,1.I have a friend _ likes listening to classical music.,who/that,which/that,whose,3.The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a football player.,2.Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress（_）I gave her.,4.My parents live in a house_ is more than 100 years old.,5.The boy with _ John spoke is my brother.（介词后只能用which,whom）,which/that,whom,6.Kevin is reading a book _ is too difficult for him.,which/that,7.Is there anything _ you want to buy in the town？,8.All _ we can do is to study hard.,9.The first one _ stands up is a little boy.,that,（that）,that,10.This is our house _we lived for ten years.11.Ill never forget the day _my daughter was born.12.I know the reason _he came late.,单项选择。1.This is the job _they laughed at.A.which B.as C.it D.who 2.Beihai Park is a beautiful park_built about 300 years ago.A.where was B.that were C.which was D.where3.Who was the grey-haired man _at yesterdays meeting?A.we saw him B.we saw C.we saw who D.she was seen4.The man _is painting the house is my uncle.A.heB.whom C.whose D.who5.What is the animal _baby is sleeping in its pocket?A.who B.whose C.its D.which,A,C,B,D,B,6.This book is for the students _native language isnt English.A.that B.of whom C.whose D.whos7.The robbers shouted,“Hands up!Ill shoot anyone _moves!”A.whom B.that C.who D.whose8.The dictionary_he paid 50 yuan for is very useful.A.which B.for which C.on which D.about which9The boy_parents died two years ago lives with his grandpa now.A.whose B.who C.his D./10.The man_ is smoking is a bus driver.A.whom B.who C.which D.what,C,C,A,A,B,Thank you!,THE END,