定语从句 (3).ppt

The attributive clause,定语从句,定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“的”表示。,a blue sea a handsome boy,什么是定语？,The function and position of the Attribute:（定语的作用和位置）,1.This is a flower basket.2.This is a basket full of flowers.3.This is a basket that I want to put flowers in.,2.单个的单词作前置定语；短语或从句作后置定语。,单个单词，短语和句子都可以作定语；起修饰，限定名词的作用,III.The Attributive Clause（定语从句）1.概念:在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。,She is an English teacher who likes traveling.,定语从句,关系词,先行词,结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句,关系词,1.关系代词:,2.关系副词:,whichthat、whowhomwhose、as,when wherewhy,作定语从句中的主、宾、表、定,作定语从句中的状语,She is an English teacher who likes traveling.,定语从句,关系词,先行词,结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句,关系词的三大作用：,1.连接主从句2.替代先行词（主句+从句，从句中，关系词=先行词）3.在从句中做成分,意义,Join the following sentences:1.A plane is a machine.The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.A plane is can fly.,a machine,the machine,a machine,that/which,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,that/which代指先行词machine。,关系代词的实质,a machine=that,2.The girl is Mary.We saw her yesterday.The girl is Mary.The girl is Mary.,we saw her yesterday,who/that we saw yesterday,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指，who/that代指先行词the girl。,The girl=that/who,The boy was brought up by his grandfather.,the boys=whose,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,The boy was brought up by his grandfather,His parents are dead,the boys parents are dead,The boy was brought up by his grandfather.,whose parents are dead,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,注意：作宾语时关系代词可省。,1.The man _I met today told me to come back.2.The girl _I met looks like Lily.3.She is the person _I want to see.The pen _you lent me is lost.,4.The best work _ she wrote and _ I have read will be made into film.A which;that B that;that C that;/D/;/,who/,whom/,that/,which/,总结：关系代词的用法,who,/that,which,/that,who,/that,/whom,which,/that,whose,whose,/,/,1.The girl _is standing next to our teacher is her daughter.2.The girl _our teacher is talking with is a famous singer.3.The girl_ mother is a teacher can speak English very well.4.I cant find the book _is borrowed from the library.5.I cant find the book _you lent to me.,who/that,who/whom/that/,whose,which/that,that/which/,巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空,难用的 whose,The teacher praised the student.His English is the best in our class.,The teacher praised the student whose English is the best in our class.,Join the following pair of sentences.,whose=the students,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,难用的 whose,The house is mine.The window of the house is broken.,Join the following pair of sentences.,The house whose window is broken is mine.,whose=the houses window,The house is mine.,the window of which is broken,of which the window is broken,The girl whose leg broke in the earthquake is taken to a hospital.,whose+n.,whose 引导的定语从句。,the+n.+of+which/whom,of+which/whom+the+n.,The girl the leg of whom broke in the earthquake is taken to a hospital.,The girl of whom the leg broke in the earthquake is taken to a hospital.,Look out!Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair.A.whose B.which C.of which D.thatGeorge Orwell,_ was Eric Arthur,wrote many political novels and essays.A.the real name B.what his real name C.his real name D.whose real name,A,whose roof,=the roof of which,=of which the roof,D,关系代词的用法练习,1.The eggs were not fresh.I bought them yesterday.2.The friend was not hungry.He came to supper last night.3.He prefers the cheese.It comes from his parents farm.4.The noodles were delicious.You cooked them.5.I dont like the people.They smoke a lot.,The eggs(that/which)I bought them were not fresh.,The friend who/that he came to supper last night was not hungry.,He prefers the cheese that/which it comes from his parents farm.,The noodles(which/that)you cooked them were delicious.,I dont like the people that/who they smoke a lot.,1.He prefers the cheese.It comes from his parents farm.2.The noodles were delicious.You cooked them.3.I prefer dumplings.They have just been cooked.4.Dont drink water.It has not been boiled.5.The tomatoes were expensive.We ate them just now.,-He prefers the cheese,-The noodles were delicious.,(that)you cooked,-I prefer dumplings,that have just been cooked.,that/which comes from his parents farm.,-Dont drink water,which has not been boiled.,-The tomatoes were expensive.,(that/which)we ate,6.The pancakes were made of corn.You had them for breakfast.7.San Francisco is a big city.It lies in the west of the States very near the Pacific.8.Whats the name of the man?You borrowed his car.,-The pancakes(that/which)you had for breakfast were made of corn.,-San Francisco is a big city which/that lies in the west of the States very near the Pacific.,-Whats the name of the man whose car you borrowed?,关系代词的用法注意点,先行词指物时，只用that 不用which的情况。,当先行词中有人又有物时。如：,Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?,(1)只能用that不能用which的5种情况,当先行词为不定代词或被不定代词修饰时；不定代词：all,the one,much,little,something,anything,everything,nothing,none。This is all that I want from the school.Ive read all the books that you lend me.,当先行词被the only,the very,the right,the last,any,few,little,no,all等修饰时。This is the very book that I am looking for these days.,当先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。如：This is the best that has been used against pollution.The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city.,当先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。如：This train is the first that will go to Shenzhen.The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.,有两个 定语从句，其中一个宜用which,而另一个宜用that.They secretly built up a factory,which produced things that could cause pollution.先行词在主句中作表语，关系代词在从句中也作表语时。如：Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.,(2)只用which不用that的情况：,介词后只能用which,如：This is the house in which Mary lives.This is the film about which they are talking.在非限制性定语从句中只能用which,如：This is a beautiful city,which I want to visit.先行词本身是that,如：The clock is that which tells the time.,先行词指人时，下面两种情况，多用who。,先行词为anyone,one,ones等时。如：The ones who heard the news were excited.,先行词为those,he时。如：Those who want to go sign your names here.He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.,(3)用who不用that的情况,(4)不用who而用that的情况：,主句为who引导的特殊疑问句，如：Who is the man that is standing in the front of our classroom?,(5)关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如：用be的正确形式填空：Those who _ against the plan put up your hands.Tom is one of the students who _ praised by the teacher yesterday.Tom is the only one of the students who _ praised by the teacher yesterday.,are,were,was,练习：用适当的关系代词填空1.That was all the money _ I had.2.It is the most interesting film _ I have seen.3.This is the first book _is written by Jack.4.It was all _ I can do for you.5.Look at the boy and his dog _are coming.6.That was the very place _ I visited last month.7.You can read any book _I have.8.Those _will go to the park stay here.9.He told me everything _he knew.,that/,that,that,that/,who,that/,that/,that/,that/,10.One _ has nothing to fear dares to tell the truth.11.The ones _ laugh at the disabled are not good students.12.Anyone _ fails to finish the task should be punished.13.Those _ want to go to The Great Wall sign up here.14.Who is the young man_ is wearing a red shirt?15.This is the hotel in _ we stayed last year.16.The house is that _ we lived in two years ago.17.The big earthquake was felt in Beijing,_ is the capital of China.,who,who,who,who,练习：用适当的关系代词填空,that,which,which/,which,1.He did all/everything _he could to help me.2.This is the very thing _ I am after.3.We talked about the men and the things _ we remembered at school.4.He is the only man _ can do the work.5.This is the first thing _ I want to say.6.He is the finest man _ I have ever worked with.7.Who is the man _ spoke to you at the gate.8.Which is the star _ is nearest to the earth.,Exercise that,which or who?,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,which,whose,whom or who?,9.Is there anything else _ you want to say?10.Any person _ has the money can join the group.11.He often speaks the role he played in the play,_ made others upset.12.He opened the door,in front of _ sat a boy.13.The man to _ I spoke is a famous scientist.14.The boy _ mother is dead was brought up by his father.,that,that,which,which,whom,whose,