bd专题复习完形填空(讲解透彻精辟）.ppt

高考英语专题复习二,完形填空,一、高考试题说明,考试说明第二部分：英语知识运用 第二节：共20 小题，每小题1分。在一篇200250词的短文中留出20 个空白，要求考生从每题所给的4个选项中选出最佳选项，是补足后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。本部分所需时间不超过20分钟。,考试说明,二、完形填空题型的设计特点和要素,完形填空是根据话题和上下文的关联，借助已知信息“重现文意的过程”。考查考生对语篇意义理解的连贯性和使用词语的准确性。“完形”须先“完意”，即在把握语篇的宏观结构、领会其主旨大意及各个段落大意的基础上，根据行文逻辑、句子结构和词语的含义，准确理解空白处的确切意义，以恢复语篇的完整。,空白出的词语要么是相关语句信息的结合点，要么是句式结构连接点，要么是语篇衔接的纽带。这一点从答案的选项中可以看出。,三、高考完形填空试题分析,完形填空选材设空情况与读速要求统计试卷 文长 设空 阅读量 参考给时 读速要求 最大间距 最小间距 平均距 01 273 25 354 18分 19.7wpm 27w 4w 9.46w02 297 25 377 18 20.9 23 4 10.203 274 25 357 18 19.8 24 3 9.804 282 25 381 18 21.1 24 1 10.205 265 20 355 15 23.6 25 4 9.406 273 20 338 15 22.6 33 6 12.9,完形填空选项涉及词类分布统计,选项涉及词类010203040506,动词 形容词 副词 名词/代词 介词 连词 合计,13（52%）0 1 9 1 1 25 6 5 2 9 1 2 25 8 4 2.5 7.5 1 2 25 8 4 5 7 1 0 25 5 4 6.25 3.75 0 1 20 8 2 4 5 0 1 20,单纯的语言知识的考查已逐渐淡化整体与连贯性的原则日渐突出综合化语境化的因素越来越强,单句与语篇的统一形势与内容的统一语言知识与语言技能的统一,结 论,近年来，高考完形填空在朝着深层化及语境化方面挖掘，逐渐摒弃单纯的语法分析考查，这就增加了干扰项的迷惑性，因此只有借助上下文乃至全文的语境启示或限定，善于运用逻辑推理能力，才能准确作出判断。,完形填空的材料虽是一篇从完整语篇中挖去数个词，造成间隔性的语意空白，来检测考生综合运用英语能力的短文，但其句子总是按照特定的逻辑关系，并借助一定的语法结构规则组合起来。词语之间、句子之间均体现整体性与连贯性的原则。在选题时要先通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容、结构、情节等等，同时对空格要填的词可作试探性猜测。,完形填空的解题步骤,1、跳格阅读全文，初步掌握行文大意,注重文章的第一句话它是了望整篇文章的窗口,2、按照文章的行文逻辑，对应选项，选项入格,3、复读全文验证答案,注重文章的第一句话,高考完形填空选文的第一句话通常是完整的。该句往往就是主题句（Topic Sentence），这就为我们理解文章的内在联系提供了一个“窗口”，它的句意往往为全文提供中心信息，能直接概括全文大意、揭示主题。第一句话往往看出文章的体裁和题材。选文如是记叙文，它会告诉你故事发生的时间、地点、人物等背景情况。这些信息有助于你理解好全篇大意。充分重视首句的标示作用，利用它为解题找到一个突破口，据此展开思维，争取开局胜利。,对应选项，选项入格,完形填空的解题过程实际上是语篇逻辑关系逐渐明晰的过程，随着对具体语言情境的逐渐把握和选项的填入，文章意义也逐渐趋于明确。因此考生在遇到难以对付的空格时，要克服急躁心理，试从多角度分析，即从语法角度、词语角度、惯用法角度、文化背景角度、生活常识角度，上下文角度等来进行分析，最终是可以理出头绪来的。,复读全文验证答案,复读全文是自我修正的过程只有复读才能验证答案复读的过程必须在选项入空的前提下进行只有验证才更加科学、高效验证后你才能更有把握，才能修正疏忽、才能提高得分率,英语完形填空解题步骤,通读全文，统揽全局。逐句分析，确定选项。通盘理解，上下一致。复读全文，核对答案。,完形填空解题分类实例分析,一.按词类分：1.实词 2.虚词 3.词组二.按形式分：1.单纯性选择 2.常识性选择,3.近义词选择 4.近形词选择 5.惯用法选择三.按句义选择四.按语义选择,按词类分：1.实词,例1：Everyone wants to be healthy and happy._1_,illness or accidents may occur without_2_.1.a.Obviously b.Unfortunately c.Naturally d.Occasionally2.a.reason b.information c.warning d.notice,按词类分：1.实词,例2:Over the last few years manufacturers have been_1_reducing the size and weight of video-cassette recorders to make the equipment more_2_.1.a.steadily b.constantly c.frequently d.essentially2.a.valuable b.portable(轻便的)c.selective d.economical,按词类分：1.实词,例3:About 120,000 people_1_to the city every year.They come for the few_2_jobs,which are usually no better than_3_they left.1.a.change b.arrive c.drive d.move2.a.possible b.popular c.available(可用的)d.convenient3.a.one b.the one c.ones d.the ones,按词类分：2.虚词,例4：_1_you have chosen an article to read,you will find the important general information_2_the key facts in the first few paragraphs.1.a.While b.Once c.As soon as d.Whenever2.a.with b.by c.for d.at,按词类分：2.虚词,例5:when I have free time,I go _1_a long walk.Some people read books or watch TV_2_others have sports.1.a.to b.for c.on d.with2a.and b.but c.yet d.while,按词类分：2.虚词,例6:the audience waited_1_silence while their aged speaker searched among his notes_2_the figures he could not remember.1.a.for b.in c.at d.during2.a.for b.of c.about d.on,按词类分：3.词组,例7：He was only fourteen and was not good at swimming_1_.So he _2_into that place.1.a.after all b.in all c.at all d.for all2.a.neednt go b.neednt have gone c.shouldntt go d.shouldnt have gone,例9：(词组)The English language serves about 250 million people,or about one tenth of the worlds population,as a mother tongue._1_,it is more or less correctly used by_2_100 million,more as a secondary language,ranging_3_from the Pidgin English(混合语言)of the Islands of Melanesia to the almost perfect speech of cultured foreigners.1.a.However b.As a result c.in addition to d.In addition2.a.at least b.at most c.most and least d.more than enough3.a.all the way b.by the way c.on the way d.in the way,按形式分：1.单纯性选择,例10：_1_methods have been used to_2_ the intelligence of every child-dull,bright,or normal.1.a.Valuable b.various c.Unique d.unusual2.a.measure b.describe c.illustrate d.recognize,按形式分：1.单纯性选择,例11：The tourist paid 700 pounds for the painting,but he_1_that he didnt know its_2_worth.1.a.promised b.claimed c.admitted d.permitted2.a.practical b.additional c.adequate d.actual,按形式分：1.单纯性选择,例12：_1_,no one was hurt in the accident,but some passengers suffered from_2_.1.a.Obviously b.Surprisingly c.Fortunately d.Unfortunately2.a.distress b.shock c.failure d.trouble,按形式分：1.单纯性选择,例13:Being much too fat,Stella was advised to_1_her food for each meal,yet,she would have_2_of that.1.a.relax b.reduce c.relieve d.remove2.a.no b.not c.none d.nothing,按形式分：2.常识性选择,例15：Everyone has seen the Olympic Games at some time-either in Montreal,Barcelona.and everyone knows that_1_started the Games.But most people dont know the real story.1.a.Greeks b.French c.Americans d.English,按形式分：1.单纯性选择,例14:At an early age the youth will develop his_1_,and the kind of home life he has will greatly_2_the development.1.a.hobby b.personality c.intelligence d.knowledge2.a.increase b.enhance(增强)c.encourage d.influence(影响),按形式分：2.常识性选择,例16:There are twenty-seven bridges over the Thames.Tower Bridge,the first bridge over the Thames as you travel toward_1_ from the sea,is the most famous of them all.1.a.Europe b.America c.London d.China,按形式分：2.常识性选择,例17:One of the most famous statues in the would stands on an island in New York Harbor.This statue is,of course,the Statue of liberty().The Statue of liberty is a(an)_1_who holds a_2_up high.1.a.man b.woman c.child d.old2.a.cane b.candle c.torch d.lamp,按形式分：2.近义词选择,例18：He used to have a_1_of coin-collection,but he has given it up.1.a.custom b.habit c.hobby d.like,按形式分：2.近义词选择,例19:American school children can be seen every day_ white sneakers,blue sneakers,black sneakers and even red ones.1.a.putting on b.having on c.wearing d.dressing,按形式分：2.近义词选择,例20:The wounded soldier was unconscious but still_1_when taken to the hospital.1.a.living b.alive c.live d.lively,按形式分：2.近义词选择,例21:While some people think that sugar is the best_1_of_2_,others believe that sugar is bad for human health.1.a.origin b.source c.resource d.cause2.a.power b.energy c.force d.strength,按形式分：2.近形词选择,例23:$500,000,000 is a small amount of money_1_the size of the market.1.a.considered b.consideration c.considerable d.considering,按形式分：2.近形词选择,例24:Its wonderful for the fact that the Chinese team won an unexpected gold_1_in Sydney,12 more than its previous best.1.a.metals b.medals c.models d.modals,按形式分：2.惯用法选择,例25:It suddenly_1_me that if we want to go on a picnic tomorrow we had better do some preparations this evening.1.a.hit on b.struck c.occurred d.drawn,按形式分：2.惯用法选择,例26:Safe operation means that both the operators and the equipment are_1_from harm.1.a.kept b.freed c.prevented d.hidden,按形式分：2.惯用法选择,例27:We were almost exhausted before we finally_1_sight of the dilapidated temple which was said to be one of the remains_2_back to the fifteen century B.C.1.a.held b.caught c.got d.took2.a.dating b.traced c.going d.returned,按句义分：,例29:It was after midnight,and I was on my way home.The footsteps that_1_me through the dark street in the East End of London were_2_of two young men who were obviously_3_no good.1.a.stooped b.pursued(追求)c.followed d.traced2.a.those b.that c.ones d.one3.a.of b.for c.up to d.on to,按句义分：,例30:Nearly three-quarters of the earth is covered_1_water.Water heats up more slowly than land,_2_once it has become warm it takes longer to fall_3_.1.a.on b.with c.in d.by2.a.so b.and c.then d.but3.a.down b.up c.apart d.behind,按句义分：,例31:Mrs.White aid laughingly that_1_she was so young she should hide her packet in her pocket in_2_a policeman saw it._3_,the little girl did not seem to find this very funny.1.a.as b.for c.while d.though2.a.consequence b.time c.case d.fact3.a.otherwise b.nevertheless(然而)c.Moreover d.Therefore,按句义分：,例32:Strangely enough,I once tried to get sick.I didntt wear a sweater _1_I should,and I walked in the rain_2_my boots and my feet got soaked._3_so far nothing wrong has happened.1.a.while b.provided c.when d.though2.a.with b.in c.by d.without3.a.But b.Then c.Therefore d.Yet,按句义分：,例33:Some parents are greatly worried_1_their children fail to do well in their studies.They_2_either genetic factors or laziness,_3_they never take these non-intelligence factors into_4_.1.a.about b.with c.when d.since2.a.blame plain c.confuse d.condemn3.a.nevertheless b.similarly c.therefore d.but 4.a.figures b.consideration c.granted d.reflection,按句义分：,例34:A credit card is a _1_of identification_2_which the owner may obtain consumer creditfor the _3_of goods or services_4_than paycash.1.a.mean b.means c.methods d.ways2.a.by b.in c.through d.with3.a.production b.possession c.purchase d.property4.a.better b.more c.rather d.right,按句义分：,例36:_1_hungry,the people sometimes would kill the animals in the lords forest for fuel;_2_when cold,they might cut down trees for fuel._3_,strong laws were passed in an_4_to protect the forests and the animals.1.a.If b.When c.Once d.After2.a.and b.but c.or d.yet3.a.Besides b.In addition c.So d.However4.a.effect b.effort c.offer d.afford,例37（按语义分）People of Burlington are are being disturbed by the sound of bells.Four students from Burlington College of High Education are in the bell tower of the_1_and have made up their minds to_2_the bells nonstop for two weeks as a protest against heavy trucks which run_3_through the narrow High Street.1.a.college b.village c.town d.church2.a.change b.repair c.ring d.shake3.a.now and then b.day and night c.up and down d.over and over,一，近年完形填空 的命题趋势,*1，突出语篇。,*2，试题题型稳定，选项独具匠心。,*3，辨析词义，以实词为主。,*4，记叙文为主，且第一句不设空。,*5，生词量有增无减。,*6，长句增加，句式灵活，结构复 杂。,1，突出语篇,例(2005NMET)My sister and I grew up in a little village in England.Our father was a struggling 36,but I always knew he was 37.36.A.biologist B.manager C.lawyer D.gardener37.A.strict B.honest C.special D.learned,he never criticized us,but used 38(praise)to bring out our best father said:“when I was 23,my dad persuaded me to go into law”.,2，试题题型稳定，选项设计独具匠心,#,例：NMET(1)2005One afternoon I was sitting at my favorite table in a restaurant,waiting for the food I had ordered to arrive.suddenly I 36 that a man sitting at a table near the window kept glancing in my direction,37 he knew me.36.A.knew B.understand C.recognize D.notice 37.A.since B.even if C.though D.as if,2，试题题型稳定，选项设计独具匠心NMET2004(She said she had a story to tell me-a postal letter carrier)About six months 3 it seemed that I had 4 a letter to her which had her street 5 on it but was addressed to another house with the 6 number on a different street in the neighborhood.3.A.after B.earlier C.later D.ago A.sent B.written C.delivered D.given 5.A mark B.sign C.board D.number A.correct B.wrong C.same D.different,6.长句增加，句式灵活，结构复杂。,例：NMET(1)2005(when I was waiting my food in a familiar restaurant)The man had a news paper 38 in front of him,which he was 39 to read,but I could 4 0 that he was keeping an eye on me.When the waiter brought my 41 the man was clearly puzzled by the 42 way in which the waiter and I 43 each other.,38.A.flat B.open C.cut D.fixed 39.A.hoping B.thinking C.pretending D.continuing 40.A.See B.find C.guess D.learn 41.A.menu B.bill C.paper D.food 42.A.direct B.familiar C.strange D.funny 43.A.Chatted with B.looked at C.laughed at D.talk about,正确的答题步骤:,1.浏览全文,掌握文章的中心及脉络;a.应用阅读技能,进行缺词阅读.b.注意首段和末端以及每个段落的首句.2.分段落实,逐个填空;a.先填上固定搭配与习惯表达,基本句型等较容易的空格.b.对语境和语义还不太明朗的空格要反复推敲,力争突破难点.3.通读全文,检查核对.,灵活的解题技巧,1.照应，瞻前顾后联系全文。,2.积累，掌握 固定搭配的用法与同义词 的辨析。,3.分清逻辑关系，注意文中分类、对比、从属、并列等关系所用的词语。,4.化简句子，突破长句的理解。,5.充分利用你的常识。,1.照应：充分利用文章的结构，上下文和前后句，找到对选择有提示作用的词或句。有时可能是同义词，有时可能是反意词。1）Travelling west,you set your clock 7;travelling east,you set it ahead Travelling 15 today becomes yesterday;travelling west it is tomorrow.7.A.behind B.forward C.back D.ahead 15.A.south B.east C.north D.west2）So the slave was pardoned and 50.A.killed B.rich C.happy D.freed 3）Many old people dont have good _13_.They cant watch TV,but they can listen to music or news over the radio.A.hearing B.health C.eyesight D.time,2.积累：固定搭配包括介词与动词的搭配、动词与宾语的搭配以及形容词与名词的搭配等。要根据内容选择正确的短语。They spend millions of dollars yearly _2_ newspapers and magazines A.in B.to C.on D.for Tom told what he saw to the man and it wasnt long _ the police caught the thief.A.that B.before C.until D.then Some people in India do not eat meat or fish _6_.A.after all B.in the end C.at all D.no longer,2.积累（注意词语的辨析）Soon I heard a _ like that of a door burst in,and then a climb of feet.A.sound B.cry C.voice D.from2)To my horror,I saw,_ my fathers shoulder,a gorilla,A.on B.above C.over D.form3)Give me a hand,he shouted _ he got near the boat.A.while B.till C.for D.as,3.根据上下文的逻辑关系确定选项。1)and the officers then began to eat their meal,saying that the mushrooms had a very strange _8_ quite pleasant taste.A.besides B.but C.and D.or2)A transistor radio is sometimes very small.It is very easy to carry _11_,radio broadcasts are better for blind people.A.Besides B.However C.Yet D.Sometimes,4.简化句子，突破长句。,1)He is a great chatter 48(as well).If he did not know them,he would greet them with a few 49 about the weather,50 he did know them,he would ask about their families or make 51,always cutting his cloth 52 his customers.(MNET2005江西卷）A.Saying B.questions C.words D.speeches A.and then B.and so C.even if D.but if51.A.Preparations B.jokes C.repairs D.friends 52.A.according to B.due to C.instead of D.up to,1),because the earth _2_ twenty-four time zones,one hour apart.A.gives B.is C.is divided into D.shows2)There.1350 feet above the street,a _ figure was walking on air.A.great B.strange C.public D.tinny 3)The ring had fallen of and been damaged in the great _ of the fire.A.pile B.heat C.power D.pressure,5.充分利用生活常识以及相关知识。,为什么我们在这一题型上总是失分较多?,没有严格遵循答题步骤:多数同学考试时担心时间紧,在没有弄清短文的中心和文章的情节线索的情况下匆忙答题.事实上我们用在这一题上的时间可以达到15-16分钟.切记:一定要用2-3分钟时间进行缺词阅读,弄清文章大意和基本脉络后再着手逐个填空.2.不注意积累答题技巧:a.忽略文章中上下文之间的照应关系;b.遇到长句不注意分析句子结构,在语义模糊时抱碰运气的心理随意作出选择.,4)The worlds population is becoming _7_.A.faster and faster B.more and more C.larger and larger D.more terrible5)The city(Washington)was named _13_ George Washington,the first president of the United States.A.by B.for C.as D.after,C,D,4）They 10 potatoes in different ways.They can boil them and fry them.A.cook B.eat C.make D.take5）Many Africans are very 14 and so they cant afford to eat much meat with their cereal.A.healthy B.poor C.rich D.week 6)These floating things are very 18.It is hard to see them.A.big B.fast C.tinny D.dangerous7)The inside of the earth is very 1.The rock has melted like ice.A.deep B.cold C.hard D.hot,A,B,C,D,8)The watch,which Mrs.Smith had _1_ on the table as she started her lecture,disappeared.A.seen B.dropped C.found D.laid9)Get up earlier tomorrow!Anyway,go to your _9_ at counter.Well be opening in a few minutes.A.business B.job C.place D.spot10)Once she(chimpanzee)was put in a _1_ with food hanging from the ceiling.It was too high to 2.1.A.cave B.zoo C.room D.museum2.A.pull B.see C.eat D.reach,7)It was a pleasant way of passing time for an old woman who lived _.A.lonely B.alone C.away D.busily8)The back door and the windows were all locked and there was no